EXAMINATION PAPERS

OF OCTOBER, 1874.

ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.

N. B. When you name a place or country, state its position. You may omit one of the first three subjects given below, and one of the last three.

1. Point out some of the causes of the greatness of Sparta and of Athens.

2. Write in the order of time (with such dates as you remember) the principal events in the Peloponnesian War, and show the chief results of that war.

3. Amphictyonic Council, Ephors, Archons; Areopagus, Pnyx, Agora. Define or describe these.

4. The death of Demosthenes and the death of Cicero.

5. The life of C. Julius Cæsar.

6. Laws that are landmarks in Roman history.

MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

1. State, in detail, what you know about the form and dimensions of the earth. Define the mathematical and geographical terms which occur in your statement.

2. What is the length in miles of a degree of latitude? Where are the degrees of latitude and of longtitude equal in length? How do the degrees of longitude differ in length among themselves?

3. State accurately the zone or zones in which each of the six continents lies.

4. Name eight of the most important of the West India Islands, and draw a map to show their relative position. To what country does each belong?

5. Describe as fully and precisely as possible the position of the following cities, stating in what part of the state or country, and near what river or other body of water, each one lies: Belgrade, Bogota, Bombay, Brest, Carlsruhe, Dantzic, Frankfort (in Europe), Montevideo, Montreal, Odessa, Singapore, Tripoli. Which of these names suggests some physical feature of the neighboring region, or some fact of historical interest connected with the settlement of the city?

6. What strait or channel lies between Wales and Ireland? Wales and the southern part of England? Ireland and Scotland? Borneo and Celebes? Patagonia and Terra del Fuego? Labrador and Greenland? Labrador and Newfoundland?

7. Why are there large cities at higher latitudes in Europe than in America?

8. In sailing from New York to Liverpool, at what season of the year would you expect to see icebergs? How far south are icebergs ever seen in the North Atlantic?

9. Describe the drainage systems of North America, and name the highlands which bound each of its important river basins. Are there any portions of this continent which have no outlet for their waters to the sea?

GREEK COMPOSITION.

After the death of Cyrus, the Greeks being despondent (dropéw), Xenophon called together (ovykaλéw) the soldiers, and told them that he had seen a vision (évúπvov); in order that he might encourage (Oappúvw) them and cause them to cease (av) thinking (vovéopa) what things they had already suffered (Táoxw) and were still to suffer, he told them that if they would obey (Teiloμa) him, he would bring them all through in safety (diaoww) to their native land.

GREEK GRAMMAR.

[All Greek words must be written with the accents.]

1. Give the general rule for accenting nouns (the accent of the nominative singular being known). How is accent affected by the quantity of the penultimate and final syllables?

2. Decline the nouns μoûσa, vñσos, and èλñís in the singular; and Bariλeus, in the plural.

3. Compare the adjectives ἄξιος, ἀληθής, μικρός, ἀγαθός.

4. Decline the pronouns éyé and oσris throughout.

5. Give the principal parts of γράφω, ἵστημι, λαμβάνω, δράω, τίθημι.

6. Inflect the imperfect active of ruάo and the present optative passive of piλéw (in the contract forms). Inflect the second aorist optative active of ἵστημι.

7.* What uses of the article d are found in Homer which are not found in Attic Greek?

8.* Explain the genitive absolute and the accusative absolute, and give an example of the correct use of each.

9.* Explain the difference in the meanings of ποιῆσαι in βούλεται τοῦτο ποιῆσαι and φησὶ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι.

10.* Give the names of the most common metrical feet of two and of three syllables, and show the quantity of the syllables in each (by - and ). Explain the Elegiac distich.

*Candidates for ADVANCED STANDING will omit 7, 8, 9, and 10, and will answer the following:

11. Explain the Attic use of the substantive pronoun of the third person (ov, oi, etc.), and give an example.

12. Explain the regular use of the future infinitive. What objection can you make to any of the following expressions: βούλεται τοῦτο ποιήσειν, — ἐλπίζει τοῦτο ποιήσειν, — ὑπέσχετο τοῦτο ποιήσειν, — δεὶ τοῦτο ποιήσειν.

13. Why is εἰ τοῦτο ποιήσοι, ἔλθοιμι ἄν incorrect? Write a sentence in which εἰ ποιήσαι shall be correctly used.

14. Explain the Iambic trimeter of Comedy, showing how it differs from that of Tragedy. Explain also the Trochaic tetrameter catalectic and the Anapæstic System.

GREEK PROSE.

[Those offering Greek Reader, take 2, 4, 5. Those offering Anabasis (four Books), and Herodotus (Book 7th), take 1, 2, 5. Those offering the whole Anabasis, take 1, 2, 3.]

TRANSLATE :

1. (Anab. II. III. 11.) Καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἦν Κλέαρχον καταμαθεῖν ὡς ἐπεστάτει, ἐν μὲν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ χειρὶ τὸ δόρυ ἔχων, ἐν δὲ τῇ δεξιᾷ βακτη ρίαν· καὶ εἴ τις αὐτῷ δοκοίη τῶν πρὸς τοῦτο τεταγμένων βλακεύειν, ἐκλεγόμενος τὸν ἐπιτήδειον ἔπαισεν ἄν, καὶ ἅμα αὐτὸς προσελάμβανεν εἰς τὸν πηλὸν ἐμβαίνων· ὥστε πᾶσιν αἰσχύνην εἶναι μὴ οὐ συσπουδάζειν. Explain the mood of δοκοίη,

2. (Anab. III. v. 8, 9; Reader, p. 26.) 'Aπopovμévois d' avtoîs προσελθών τις ἀνὴρ Ρόδιος εἶπεν. Ἐγὼ θέλω, ὦ ἄνδρες, διαβιβάσαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τετρακισχιλίους ὁπλίτας, ἂν ἐμοὶ ὧν δέομαι ὑπηρετήσητε καὶ τάλαντον μισθὸν πορίσητε. Ερωτώμενος δὲ ὅτου δέοιτο· Ασκῶν, ἔφη, δισχιλίων δεήσομαι· πολλὰ δὲ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα καὶ αἶγας καὶ βοῦς καὶ ὄνους, ἃ ἀποδαρέντα καὶ φυσηθέντα ῥᾳδίως ἂν παρέχοι τὴν διάβασιν. Explain the mood of δέοιτο. ἀποδαμέντα, in what voice, mood, teuse, and from what verb?

3. (Anab. VII. II. 18.) Ἐπεὶ δ ̓ ἐγγὺς ἦσαν αὐτοῦ, ἐπιτυγχάνει πυροῖς ἐρήμοις· καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον φετο μετακεχωρηκέναι ποι τὸν Σεύθην. Ἐπεὶ δὲ θορύβου τε ᾔσθετο καὶ σημαινόντων ἀλλήλοις τῶν περὶ Σεύθην, κατέμαθεν ὅτι τούτου ἕνεκα τὰ πυρὰ προκεκαυμένα εἴη τῷ Σεύθῃ πρὸ τῶν νυκτοφυλάκων, ὅπως οἱ μὲν φύλακες μὴ ὁρῶντο, ἐν τῷ σκότει ὄντες, μήδ' ὅπου εἶεν, οἱ δὲ προσιόντες μὴ λανθάνοιεν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ φῶς καταφανεῖς εἶεν.

4. (Reader, p. 99, 15; Plato, Apol.) ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ πολλάκις ἐθέλω τεθνάναι, εἰ ταῦτ ̓ ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ· ἐπεὶ ἔμοιγε καὶ αὐτῷ θαυμαστὴ ἂν εἴη ἡ διατριβὴ αὐτόθι, ὁπότε ἐντύχοιμι Παλαμήδει καὶ Αἴαντι τῷ Τελαμῶνος καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος τῶν παλαιῶν διὰ κρίσιν ἄδικον τέθνηκεν, ἀντιπαραβάλλοντι τὰ ἐμαυτοῦ πάθη πρὸς τὰ ἐκείνων, ὡς ἐγὼ οἶμαι, οὐκ ἂν ἀηδὲς εἴη. Καὶ δὴ τὸ μέγιστον, τοὺς ἐκεῖ ἐξετάζοντα καὶ ἐρευνῶντα ὥσπερ τοὺς ἐνταῦθα διάγειν, τίς αὐτῶν σοφός ἐστι, καὶ τίς οἴεται μὲν ἔστι δ ̓ οὔ.

5. (Herod. VII. 37; Reader, p. 124, 12.) ωρμημένῳ δέ οἱ ὁ ἥλιος ἐκλιπὼν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἕδρην ἀφανὴς ἦν, οὔτ ̓ ἐπινεφέλων ἐόν των, αἰθρίης τε τὰ μάλιστα, ἀντὶ ἡμέρης τε νὺξ ἐγένετο. ἰδόντι δὲ καὶ μαθόντι τοῦτο τῷ Ξέρξῃ ἐπιμελὲς ἐγένετο, καὶ εἴρετο τοὺς Μάγους, τὸ ἐθέλοι τροφαίνειν τὸ φάσμα. οἱ δὲ ἔφραζον, ὡς Ἕλλησι προδεικνύει ὁ θεὸς ἔκλειψιν τῶν πολίων, λέγοντες ἥλιον εἶναι Ἑλλήνων προδέκτορα, σελήνην δὲ σφέων. πυθόμενος δὲ ταῦτα ὁ Ξέρξης περιχαρὴς ἐὼν ἐποιέετο τὴν ἔλασιν.