MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

1. DEFINE latitude and longitude. What is the latitude of the Tropic of Capricorn? what that of the Arctic Circle? What countries of Europe are crossed by the 40th parallel of latitude? Between what parallels does Australia lie?

2. In what zone do the three northern continents chiefly lie? in what the three southern? How do the southern continents compare with the northern in respect to coast indentations and projections? What continent has its coast relatively most indented? Name its chief projec

tions.

3. Describe the three great river systems of South America, naming the principal affluents of each. Name the chief rivers of Siberia, Chinese Empire, India, and Burmah, and state their courses and where they empty.

4. What States and Territories of the United States lie wholly west of the Mississippi River? Through what States does that river run?

5. Name the states of Europe and their capitals.

6. Name the chief cities of the Prussian and Austrian Empires, and give as complete an account of one of them as time will allow.

7. Name the larger East India Islands. Give some account of the physical character of Java, and of its productions. What large island lies near the southern extremity of Hindostan ?

8. What mountains are included in the Appalachian system, and in what course, or courses, do its chains run ? How do the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains compare in height and extent? Name the principal mountain chains

in or adjacent to Asia. Where do they lie, and what are their directions? Name some of the highest peaks, and state their altitudes.

GREEK COMPOSITION.

[Do A if you can; if not, do B; but do not do both.]

A.

1. WHEN Clearchus saw the messengers1 he asked 2 (them) what they wished:

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2. and they said that they came for the purpose of making a truce, being empowered to announce the King's (terms) to the Greeks;

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3. and that they would lead them (to a place) whence they could obtain [have] supplies,' if there should be a truce.

4. And after having the King's (terms), Clearchus asked if the truce would extend [be] to all;

5. and they said, "To all, until your (terms) shall be announced to the King."

1 ἄγγελος, ἀγγέλλω. 2 ἐρωτάω. 8 σπονδή, σπένδειν. 4 ἱκανός. 6 τὰ παρὰ βασιλέως.

• ὅθεν.

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ἐπιτήδεια.

B.

1. If we should send arms to the general, we think he would be grateful to us.

2. He seized the soldier, declaring he would inflict punishment on him for his cowardice.

3. He said most of the soldiers would have crossed, if the enemy had not hindered.

4. I fear that it will be necessary for me to go with the generals, in order to see Menon.

5. He used to delay in each city until I arrived.

GREEK GRAMMAR.

1. GIVE Accusative and Vocative singular, and Genitive and Dative plural of δικαστής, γίγας, λέων, βασιλεύς, παῖς, and γλυκύς.

2. Decline the Greek words for one, three, and both. Decline is in the singular, and ouros in the plural.

3. Explain the formation of these words, giving the meaning of root and ending: ἡδέως, παιδίον, χρυσέος, ἀλη

θεύω.

4. Give a synopsis of the Aorist Active of λείπω, and all the participles of τίθημι.

5. Where are these verbs made, and from what Present Indicative : ηρώτων, τιθεῖσι, μαθών, ἐξόν, ἀφεῖναι ?

6. What case or cases regularly follow, κατηγορέω (I accuse); χράομαι (I use); ἀποδείκνυμι (I appoint) ?

7. Translate ὁ Σωκράτης (ἐστὶ σοφός — ὁ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης (ἐστὶ) σοφός — αὐτὸς ὁ Σωκράτης (ἐστὶ) σοφός.

Translate, This man; every man; another man; most

men.

8. What time, relatively to the main verb, does the Infin itive express in the following phrases: φησὶν ἐλθεῖν; βούλεται ἐλθεῖν ; δεῖ τοῦτο ποιῆσαις.

GREEK PROSE.

[N. B. Those who offer the Greek Reader will take 2, 3, 4. Those who offer four books of the Anabasis and the Seventh Book of Herodotus will take 1, 2, 5. Course II. will take 1 and 2, or 2 and 3.]

Candidates in

Πρὸς ταῦτα μεταστάντες οἱ Ἕλληνες ἐβουλεύοντο καὶ ἀπεκρίναντο· Κλέαρχος δ' ἔλεγεν. Ἡμεῖς οὔτε συνήλθομεν ὡς βασιλεῖ πολεμήσοντες, οὔτε ἐπορευόμεθα ἐπὶ βασιλέα· ἀλλὰ πολλὰς προφάσεις Κῦρος εὕρισκεν, ὡς καὶ σὺ εὖ οἶσθα, ἵνα ὑμᾶς τε ἀπαρασκευάστους λάβοι καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐνθάδε ἀναγάγοι. Ἐπεὶ μέντοι ἤδη ἑωρῶμεν αὐτὸν ἐν δεινῷ ὄντα, ᾐσχύνθημεν καὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἀνθρώπους προδοῦναι αὐτὸν, ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν χρόνῳ παρέχοντες ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς εὖ ποιεῖν. ἐπεὶ δὲ Κῦρος τέθνηκεν, οὔτε βασιλεῖ ἀντιποιούμεθα τῆς ἀρχῆς, οὔτ ̓ ἔστιν ὅτου ἕνεκα βουλοίμεθ ̓ ἂν τὴν βασιλέως χώραν κακῶς ποιεῖν. — ANAB., II. iii. 21-23.

Explain the tense of πολεμήσοντες and the case of βασιλεῖ (line 2); construction of πρόσθεν (line 7), of ὄντα (line 6), of ποιεῖν (line 7), and of ὅτου (line 9).

2. TRANSLATE :
:-

Ακούσας δὲ Ξενοφῶν ἔλεγεν ὅτι ὀρθῶς ἡτιῶντο, καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ἔργον αὐτοῖς μαρτυροίη. Αλλ' ἐγώ, ἔφη, ἠναγκάσθην διώκειν, ἐπειδὴ ἑώρων ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ μένειν κακῶς μὲν πάσχοντας, ἀντιποιεῖν δ ̓ οὐδὲν δυναμέ νους. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐδιώκομεν, ἀληθῆ, ἔφη, ὑμεῖς λέγετε. κακῶς μὲν γὰρ ποιεῖν οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἐδυνάμεθα τοὺς πολεμίους, ἀνεχωροῦμεν δὲ πάνυ χαλεπῶς. Τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάρις ὅτι οὐ σὺν πολλῇ ῥώμῃ ἀλλὰ σὺν ὀλίγοις ἦλθον· ὥστε βλάψαι μὲν μὴ μεγάλα, δηλῶσαι δὲ ὧν δεύμεθα. — ΑΝΑΒ., III. iii. 12-14.

In what voice, mood, and tense, and from what verbs, are ᾐτιῶντο, ἑώρων, ἐδυνάμεθα, and ἀνεχωροῦμεν ? Explain the con

struction of μαρτυροίη, μένειν, πάσχοντας, and δηλῶσαι, and the case of πολεμίους and of ὧν (last line).

Καὶ πρῶτον μὲν αὐτῶν ἐσκόπει, πότερά ποτε νομίσαντες ἱκανῶς ἤδη τανθρώπινα εἰδέναι, ἔρχονται ἐπὶ τὸ περὶ τῶν τοιούτων φροντί ζειν, ἢ τὰ μὲν ἀνθρώπινα παρέντες, τὰ δαιμόνια δὲ σκοποῦντες, ἡγοῦνται τὰ προσήκοντα πράττειν. ἐθαύμαζε δὲ εἰ μὴ φανερὸν αὐτοῖς ἐστιν, ὅτι ταῦτα οὐ δυνατόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις εὑρεῖν· ἐπεὶ καὶ τοὺς μέγιστον φρονοῦντας ἐπὶ τῷ περὶ τούτων λέγειν οὐ ταὐτὰ δοξάζειν ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μαινομένοις ὁμοίως διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους. — MEMOR., I. i. 12, 13.

Explain the case of αὐτῶν (first line) and of μαινομένοις, and the construction of φροντίζειν. In what voiee and tense, and from what verb, is παρέντες ? How is its meaning here related to that of the simple verb? 4. TRANSLATE :

--

Ὡς δέ σφί διετέτακτο καὶ τὰ σφάγια ἐγίνετο καλὰ, ἐνθαῦτα ὡς ἀπείθησαν οἱ ̓Αθηναῖοι, δρόμῳ ἵεντο ἐς τοὺς βαρβάρους. ἦσαν δὲ στάδιοι οὐκ ἐλάσσονες τὸ μεταίχμιον αὐτῶν ἢ ὀκτώ. οἱ δὲ Πέρσαι ὁρέοντες δρόμῳ ἐπιόντας, παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς δεξόμενοι· μανίην τε τοῖσι Αθηναίοισι ἐπέφερον καὶ πάγχυ ὀλεθρίην, ὁρέοντες αὐτοὺς ὀλέγους, καὶ τούτους δρόμῳ ἐπειγομένους, οὔτε ἵππου ὑπαρχούσης σφι οὔτε τοξευμάτων. ταῦτα μέν νυν οἱ βάρβαροι κατείκαζον· 'Αθηναῖοι δὲ, ἐπεί τε αθρόοι προσέμιξαν τοῖσι βαρβάροισι, ἐμάχοντο ἀξίως λόγου. πρῶτοι μὲν γὰρ ̔Ελλήνων πάντων τῶν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν δρόμῳ ἐς πολεμίους ἐχρήσαντο, πρῶτοι δὲ ἀνέσχοντο ἐσθῆτά τε Μηδικὴν ὁρέοντες, καὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας ταύτην ἐσθημένους· τέως δὲ ἦν τοῖσι Ελλησι καὶ τὸ οὔνομα τὸ Μήδων φόβος ἀκοῦσαι. — HEROD., VI. 112.

Give the Attic forms for απείθησαν (from what verb ), δρέοντες, μανίην, and οὔνομα.

5. TRANSLATE:

Λαχεδαιμονίων δὲ καὶ θεσπιέων τοιούτων γενομένων, ὅμως λέγεται ἄριστος ἀνὴρ γενέσθαι Σπαρτιήτης, Διηνέκης, τὸν τόδε φασὶ εἰπεῖν τὸ