Aging and Human LongevitySpringer Science & Business Media, 1996 M12 1 - 284 páginas The proportion of elderly people continues to increase in the western world-nearly a quarter of the population will be over 65 years by the year 2050. Since aging is accompanied by an increase in diseases and by a deterioration in well-being, finding solutions to these social, medical and psychological problems is necessarily a major goal for society. Scientists and medical practitioners are therefore faced with the urgent task of increasing basic knowledge of the biological processes that cause aging. More resources must be put into this research in order to achieve better understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the differences in life span between species and to answer the difficult questions of why some individuals age more quickly than others, and why some develop liver problems, some have heart problems, and others brain problems. The results of such a wide program of research will provide important information about the causes of many life-threatening and/ or debilitating diseases of old age; it will help find ways to prevent some of the ailments that result from aging, and it may well lead to discoveries enabling the prolongation of human life. |
Contenido
Variability of Life Span Between Species | 7 |
Life Span of Humans | 10 |
Life Spans of Invertebrates Honeybees | 13 |
Life Span of Cells in Culture | 17 |
Are Some Plants or Animal Species Immortal? | 23 |
Factors That Influence Human Longevity | 25 |
Influence of Personality Social Class and Social Interactions | 27 |
The Role of Happiness and Marriage | 29 |
Life Extension | 131 |
Food Restriction in Nonhuman Species | 132 |
Life Extension in Humans | 136 |
Human Studies on Food Restriction | 140 |
The Role of Diet in Longevity | 142 |
Recommendations | 143 |
Perspectives | 145 |
Perspectives | 151 |
Sexuality | 30 |
The Role of Stress | 32 |
Diseases of Premature Aging | 40 |
A Note on Diseases and Longevity | 44 |
Structural and Physiological Changes Occurring with Age | 51 |
Connective Tissue | 54 |
The Nervous System | 55 |
The Endocrine System | 60 |
Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythmicity | 62 |
Immune System | 66 |
Aging of Intracellular Functions | 70 |
Homeostasis and Multisystem Regulation | 72 |
Theories of Aging | 77 |
Programmed Theories | 80 |
Overview of Aging Theories | 82 |
Mechanisms of Cellular Aging | 85 |
Intrinsic Mechanisms | 86 |
Human Genetic Diseases Due to Somatic Mutations | 95 |
DNA Methylation | 110 |
DNA and Protein Glycation | 111 |
Garbage Molecules | 112 |
Free Radicals | 113 |
Effects of Radiation | 119 |
Apoptosis Diseases and Senescence | 121 |
Conclusion of Part One | 124 |
Introduction | 129 |
Unsaturated Fats Omega3 and Omega6 Fatty Acids | 155 |
Antioxidants and the Chemoprevention of Cancers and Cardiovascular Diseases | 158 |
Aspirin | 166 |
Life Styles | 168 |
Sexuality | 171 |
Physical Exercise | 172 |
Smoking | 177 |
Alcohol Consumption | 183 |
Controlling Stress | 187 |
Substitution of Endogenous Compounds and Hormones | 190 |
Thymus Hormones | 193 |
Dihydroepiandrosterone | 196 |
Human Growth Hormone | 198 |
Medications and Alternative Medicine | 201 |
Alternative Medicine | 204 |
Surgical Strategies | 207 |
Perspectives in the Detection and Treatment of Diseases | 210 |
Contribution of Genetic Engineering Techniques to Medicine | 214 |
Application of Gene Therapy to Neurological Diseases | 218 |
New Targets for Drug Therapy | 225 |
Conclusion | 228 |
Glossary | 233 |
Relevant Books on Aging | 241 |
247 | |
277 | |
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Términos y frases comunes
acid activity adults age-related aging processes alcohol allele Alzheimer's disease animals antioxidant apoptosis biological blood bone brain calcium cardiovascular cause cell death cellular changes Chapter cholesterol chromosome clinical complex damage decrease defect deficiency DHEA diet disorders doses drugs effects elderly encoding endocrine enzymes estrogen example factors fibroblasts free radicals functions gene therapy genetic gland glucocorticoids glucose growth heart disease homeostasis hormones human immune system important increase individuals influence inhibit intake interactions intracellular levels lipids liver longevity loss maximum life span mechanisms melatonin membrane metabolism mice mitochondrial molecular molecules mutations nervous system neurons normal observed older organisms osteoporosis oxidative patients physiological prevent progerias protein psychological rats recent receptors regulation response risk role scientists SDAT selenium senescence sexual smoking specific stress studies syndrome synthesis T-cell telomeres theories of aging tion tissues tobacco treatment tumor vitamin vitamin B12 vitamin E vitro women
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