OLD CAPACITY MEASURES. 2o. Special Rule for wine measure. To find price per gallon or dozen from price per pipe etc. 65 (1) Decimalise price and divide by factors of gallons or dozensusing Short Division. (2) Decimalise price and divide by gallons or dozens-using Division Approximation. Example. Lisbon butt at £71. 58. 8d.-find price per gallon. (1) 971-285416 12 | 7.9206 640 (2) 10,871-28 | ·660 1. Lisbon pipe at £84. 19s. 74d.—price per dozen. (3) the Winchester bushel of 2150-42 cub. inches capacity. . 1 imp. bushel=1.031557 Winchester bushel. 1 Winch. bushel 9694472 imp. bushel. The wine gallon and the Winchester bushel are still in use in the U.S.A. and some of our own colonies. Gaugers' Rule. To find contents of a cask in gallons. Add of difference of head and bung diameters to head diameter. Multiply square of sum by length-all in inches. For U.S. gallons × 0034. For old beer gallons × 00287. If staves are but little curved add & instead of . J. 5 This measure is used for all malt liquors and water. The half-pint is a retail measure. The usual casks of the beer trade are the butt, hogshead, barrel, kilderkin, firkin, and pin—all of which have the fixed values given. The puncheon of 13 hhd. (72 galls.) is rarely used. Vats are of any size (10 barrels to 150). Squares are used for fermenting-they are of any capacity. The tun is chiefly used for oil and is then only estimated to contain 210 imp. gallons. Note. The measure for liquids is the imp. gallon. To be a legal measure it must contain at 62° F. and 30 inches pressure 10 lbs. av. weight of distilled water. It measures 277-274 cub. inches. .. 1 cub. inch of standard water weighs 252-458 Troy grains. and 1 cub. foot of standard water weighs 62.321 lbs. av. The measure for seeds and dry goods is the imp. bushel (of 8 gallons). .. its capacity is 2218-192 cub. inches. To reduce cub. ins. to bushels-multiply by 5 and divide by 11091. To reduce cub. ins. to gallons-multiply by 40 and divide by 11091. This Table is used for all dry commodities not generally heaped above the measure. But all grain and many other articles of commerce are being sold more and more by weight in lbs. av. For grain all the principal places have a local weight which is always quoted there. At Mark Lane, wheat though nominally sold by imp. qr. is in reality sold by weight, the qr. being taken at 504 lbs. and the bushel at 63. This estimate does not form the basis for the entire wheat trade though a large number of towns use it. The Mark Lane Express takes these as the standards for comparison in its weekly list of prices : The most usual local weights for wheat are 504 and 480, for barley are 448 and 400, and for oats 336-but the variation from these is considerable. Owing to these confusing differences the necessity for the Mark Lane Table is very great-it gives the local price and weight and the reduced prices to the above 3 weights-thus the state of the market in any town can be at once compared with that in another town. Coals are now sold by weight in tons, cwts., qrs. (1-2 William IV.). Hay and Straw. 1 truss of straw = 36 lbs. av. = 1 load of straw = 11 cwts. 64 lbs. = 1296 lbs. 1 load of old hay = 18 cwts. = 2016 lbs. 1 load of new hay = 19 cwts. 32 lbs. = 2160 lbs. Hay is considered new for 3 months and is called old on Sept. 1. 1 cubic yd. of new hay weighs 6 stone. To find the weight of hay contained in a stack. Get content in c. ft.-reckoning vertical height as the height to the eaves + 3 of slant height (from eaves to top). Divide by 27 and multiply result by 6, 8, 9 according to the age or solidity of the stack. The answer is the weight in stones. If stack is round, multiply corrected height by square of circumference x 07958. Another method is to reckon 10 c. yds. to the ton for old hay and 12 c. yds. to the ton for new hay. LINEAR MEASUREMENTS. Cattle. To calculate the weight of cattle. 69 Measure round the animal just behind the shoulders, then along the back from the fore part of the shoulderblade to the bone at the tail. Multiply the square of the girth by 5 times the length in feet. Divide by 21 and you have weight of the four quarters in stones. If very fat cattle add, if very lean subtract living animal. the weight of the The general measure for length. Among ordinary mechanics the inch is usually divided into,,,, or into twelfths, but in scientific calculations it is decimally divided or the foot is decimally divided and subdivided. 1 fathom 6 ft.-used in sounding depths. = 1 hand 4 inches-used in measuring horses. 1 g. mile = 13 of a common mile. 1 degree 60 g. miles 694 miles. = |