THE

HISTORY

OF

ANCIENT GREECE,

ITS COLONIES, AND CONQUESTS:

Part the Second;

EMBRACING

THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD,

FROM THE

DOMINION OF ALEXANDER TO THAT OF AUGUSTUS;

WITH A

SURVEY OF PRECEDING PERIODS,

AND A CONTINUATION OF

THE HISTORY OF ARTS AND LETTERS.

BY JOHN GILLIES, LL.D.

F.R.S. AND S.A. LONDON, F.R.S. EDINBURGH, INSTIT. SOC. PARIS, AND
ACADEM. REGIE SCIENC. GOTTING. CORRESP.

AND HISTORIOGRAPHER TO HIS MAJESTY FOR SCOTLAND.

Εκ μην τοιγε της άπαντων προς άλληλα συμπλοκής και παραθέσεως,
ετι δε ὁμοιότητος και διαφορας, μόνως τις αν εφίκοιτο, και δυνηθείη
κατόπτευσας, ἅμα και το χρησιμον και το τερπνον εκ της ίσορίας
λαβειν.
POLYBIUS, 1. c.v.

A NEW EDITION,

WITH CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.

IN FOUR VOLUMES.

VOL. I.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR T. CADELL AND W. DAVIES,

IN THE STRAND.

PREFACE.

THE affairs of the Greeks, an ingenious and enterprising people, were gradually interwoven with those of surrounding nations. By their commerce, their colonies, and their conquests, they formed, at length, a very complex, yet clear, chain of connection among all the countries that belong to the subject of ancient history. Their commonwealths, in Italy and Sicily, will appear, in the present Work, as prime movers in the wars and revolutions of Europe and of Africa; and the Grecian dynasty in Asia comprehends that interesting period in which, chiefly, the affairs of eastern monarchies admit of any copious and consistent narrative. To prepare my readers for this latter subject, it was necessary to advert to the anterior condition, and long unvarying policy, of the East; because the recorded transactions of former conquerors serve occasionally to explain those of Alexander,