ments you express towards your enemies, are worthy of a generous man, and a good patriot.

When I first wrote to you that I wished all men to be happy, I at the same time wished they should deserve it. I know very well that this wish is one of those which are not to be fulfilled.

I am certainly not in the secret about the measures our court takes towards your country, but I would venture to be a pledge that it never espoused the cause of Mr. D. It would be as much against its principles, as against its dignity.

I hope you will soon let me hear some agreeable news, as well relating to yourself, as the common

cause.

Madame Mousteir presents her compliments to you. She is constantly employed in the office of a good mamma, who takes that care of her child that nature requires. I live happy in her society, and am very well satisfied to remain in my corner; where if I am not very busy, I am at least very quiet.

I have the honour to be sir, with the greatest esteem, your very obedient humble servant, LE CTE DE MOUSTEIR.

To the Hon. Arthur Lee, Paris."

APPENDIX XI.

Extracts from the Journal of Arthur Lee, kept by him on his journey to treat with the North Western Indians, and during the progress of treating with their different tribes.*

CARLISLE is in the county of Cumberland, and has been settled about thirty-two years. It has about one hundred and fifty good stone houses. There is here a very complete set of buildings for arsenals; raised at continental expense, but not used, and therefore going to ruin. Gen. Armstrong, Gen. Irwin, and Gen. Butler, reside here, and several other gentlemen, forming a good society; but they have neither coffee-house, post, nor newspapers. I saw here a proof how much marriage is governed by destiny. A very handsome and genteel young lady, who had a good fortune, was joined to a man twice her own age, with neither family nor fortune, personal nor mental accomplishments, to engage a lady's love.

The county of Cumberland is peopled almost entirely with Scotch and Irish, who have become rich

*The commencement of this journal has been lost. Mr. Lee set out from Philadelphia, and the extract begins with his arrival in Carlisle, Pennsylvania; now a flourishing town, in which is situated Dickinson College.

by farming; the land producing excellent wheat, which is their staple commodity.

Nov. 24th. We left Carlisle, and slept at Shippensburg; a handsome little town, about four miles from the Conedogwinit, on the north, and the Yellow Breeches Creek, which issues from a small but very deep lake, on the south, and runs into the Susquehannah. From thence the road led us the next day across the North Mountain, into what is called the Horse Valley, made by that and the next mountain, which we crossed into the Path Valley, through which runs the Conagocheague, which empties into the Potomack. We crossed next the Tuscarora Mountain, on the top of which the line runs, which divides the counties of Cumberland and Bedford; which latter we entered on descending the mountain, and lodged at Fort Lyttleton. These mountains are so steep, that it is necessary to walk up and down them. Fort Lyttleton was built by the British in a former war, as a protection to the frontier settlements; but the Indians murdered both soldiers and inhabitants. At that time it was not uncommon with these savages, to murder, scalp, and cut out the hearts of the people they found defenceless. A very heavy fall of snow during the night of the 25th, detained us at Fort Lyttleton until the 27th.

27th. We crossed the mountain called Sideling Hill, and the Juniata, to Bedford. Nine miles before coming to this place we crossed Bloody Run, so called from the murder of several white people there by the Indians. Bedford is the capital of the county, and is a thriving little town on the Juniata, with good meadow grounds around it. There are yet traces of the redoubts thrown up here by the British, after Braddock's defeat. Gen. Forbes, who commanded next, having made this the rendezvous of the army in 1756.

28th. Leaving Bedford, we again crossed the Juniata, and traversed the Alleghany mountain to Stony Creek. On the road we saw the marks of a most tremendous whirlwind which happened last year, and had in its course torn up by the roots or twisted off every tree, however large. Numbers of the largest were laid down by each other, as if strewn by the whirlwind with as much ease as so many straws scattered by a light wind. The ascent of this mountain is very steep, but it is rendered easy by trailing it properly. On the top is a level of many miles, and through it runs the principal branch of the Juniata. It is loaded with chestnut and oak, very large. The snow was about one foot deep on the mountain; and yet the weather so mild, that I travelled without a great coat. The road, on the top of this mountain, and in descending it, and thence to Stony Creek, is miry and stony, and leads through a number of dismal swamps, that put one in mind of Milton's

Fogs, bogs, fens, dens, and shades of death.'

From this and the preceding eminence you view the vast Apalachian Mountains, covered with snow. The ocean in a storm, with its billows and their' white tops rising behind and above each other, resemble the various ridges of snow-capt hills which compose this immense chain.

On the 29th we traversed a part of the Alleghany, called Laurel Hill, from an abundance of what is called in Virginia ivy, growing upon it. On this mountain St. Jocelin was attacked and killed by the Indians; but his convoy was saved. On this mountain Capt. Bullet was attacked and put to flight by a party of Indians within two miles of Ligonier; and at another time the savages attacked the hospital, that was going from the fort, and massacred the sick. At night

we reached Fort Ligonier, built in 1756, by Gen. Forbes, as a station, in his progress against Fort du Quesne, now Fort Pitt. It was frequently attacked by the French and Indians, and many of its troops killed. A very good and capacious stockaded fort was raised there during the late war, as a defence against Indian incursions. But they massacred the inhabitants as far as Bedford, having passed the fort, through the woods and over the mountains.

On the 30th we crossed the Loyalhannon, the Chestnut Hill, or Mountain, to Hannah's town. This place and the neighbourhood felt the weight of the late war. The Indians under the command of refugees and white men, to the number of three hundred, beset the town, burnt all the houses not under the protection of the stockaded fort, and carried away about twenty prisoners. From this place to Fort Pitt the inhabitants were almost all driven off by the Indians. From this neighbourhood a considerable body under the command of Col. Lockyer went down the Ohio, to join Gen. Clarke, in his intended expedition against Detroit; but mistaking an Indian encampment on the Ohio for that of Clarke, they landed inadvertently, and were cut off almost to a

man.

The 1st December brought us across Turtle Creek, through its rich bottoms, and the Bull-pen Swamp, to Mr. Elliot's; when ourselves, our servants, several wagoners, his wife, and eight children, and a young daughter, all undressed and went to bed on the floor together, in a miserable log-house. Next day, we proceeded six miles to Fort Pitt, where we found Gen. Clark. About a mile from the fort you fall in with the Alleghany River, which comes from the north-east, and joining the Monongahela from the south-west, forms the Ohio. On the very spot made