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Commotion strange, in all enjoyments else
Superior and unmov'd, here only weak

Against the charm of beauty's pow'rful glance.
Or nature fail'd in me, and left some part
Not proof enough such object to sustain,
Or from my side subducting, took perhaps
More than enough; at least on her bestow'd
Too much of ornament, in outward show
Elaborate, of inward less exact.

For well I understand in the prime end
Of nature her th' inferior, in the mind

In outward also her resembling less

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And inward faculties, which most excel,

His image who made both, and less expressing
The character of that dominion given

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O'er other creatures; yet when I approach
Her loveliness, so absolute she seems

And in herself complete, so well to know
Her own, that what she wills to do or say,
Seems wisest, virtuousest, discreetest, best;
All higher knowledge in her presence falls
Degraded, wisdom in discourse with her

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Loses discountenanc'd, and like folly shows;
Authority and reason on her wait,

As one intended first, not after made
Occasionally; and to consummate all,
Greatness of mind, and nobleness their seat
Build in her loveliest, and create an awe
About her, as a guard angelic plac'd.

To whom the angel with contracted brow.
Accuse not nature, she hath done her part;
Do thou but thine, and be not diffident
Of wisdom, she deserts thee not, if thou
Dismiss not her, when most thou need'st her nigh,
By attributing overmuch to things

Less excellent, as thou thyself perceiv'st.

For what admir'st thou, what transports thee so,
An outside? fair no doubt, and worthy well
Thy cherishing, thy honouring, and thy love,
Not thy subjection: weigh with her thyself;
Then value oft-times nothing profits more
Than self esteem, grounded on just and right

560. To whom the angel with
contracted brow.] These senti-
ments of love in our first parent
gave the angel such an insight
into human nature, that he
seems apprehensive of the evils
which might befal the species
in general, as well as Adam in
particular, from the excess of
this passion. He therefore for-
tifies him against it by timely
admonitions; which
very art-
fully prepare the mind of the
reader for the occurrences of the
next book, where the weakness
of which Adam here gives such

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distant discoveries, brings about that fatal event which is the subject of the poem. Addison.

568. and worthy well Thy cherishing, thy honouring, and thy love,]

He maketh use of these three words agreeably to Scripture. So ought men to love their wives, as their own bodies: he that loveth his wife, loveth himself: for no man ever yet hated his own flesh, but nourisheth and cherisheth it. Eph. v. 28, 29. Giving honour unto the wife, 1 Pet. iii. 7.

Well manag'd; of that skill the more thou know'st,

The more she will acknowledge thee her head,
And to realities yield all her shows:

Made so adorn for thy delight the more,

So awful, that with honour thou may'st love

Thy mate, who sees when thou art seen least wise.
But if the sense of touch whereby mankind
Is propagated seem such dear delight
Beyond all other, think the same vouchsaf'd

To cattle and each beast; which would not be
To them made common and divulg'd, if ought
Therein enjoy'd were worthy to subdue
The soul of man, or passion in him move.
What higher in her society thou find'st
Attractive, human, rational, love still;
In loving thou dost well, in passion not,
Wherein true love consists not; love refines

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576. Made so adorn &c.] These verses contain a beautiful and instructive account of the end for which God bestowed on Eve so much of ornament and awfulness. But two such participles as made adorned would have sounded very oddly together; and therefore he has coined an adjective adorn, as the Italians have adonno for adornato. And in like manner he uses fledge for fledged, iii. 627. vii. 420. And devote for devoted, ix. 901. And there are other instances of his changing the participle into an adjective.

579. But if the sense of touch &c.] Answering to what Adam had said before,

VOL. II.

transported I behold, Transported touch.

589.
-love refines
The thoughts, and heart en-
larges, &c.]

So Spenser, to whom our author
seems to allude by his manner
of expression.

Such is the pow'r of that sweet passion,

That it all sordid baseness doth expel,

And the refined mind doth newly fashion

Unto a fairer form.

Spenser's Hymn of Love.

Ne suffereth it thought of ungentle

ness

Ever to creep into his noble breast;

H

The thoughts, and heart enlarges, hath his seat
In rea'son, and is judicious, is the scale
By which to heav'nly love thou may'st ascend,
Not sunk in carnal pleasure, for which cause
Among the beasts no mate for thee was found.
To whom thus half abash'd Adam replied.

But to the highest and the worthiest Lifteth it up that else would lowly fall.

Faery Queen, b. iii. cant. 5. st. 2. See also b. iii. cant. 1. st. 1. But there is no doubt, I think, to be made, that both these admired poets had in view the refined theory of love of the divine Plato, and that Milton in particular in what he says here had his eye more especially upon the following passage, where the scale, by which we must ascend to heavenly love, is both mentioned and described. Туто дево de เรเ το ορθώς επι τα ερωτικά είναι, η υπ' αλλά αγέσθαι, αρχομένον απο των δε των καλών εκείνου ἑνεκα του καλου,

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επανιέναι· ώσπες επαναβαθμοις χρωμένον απο ενος επι δυο, και απο δύειν επι παντα τα καλά σώματα, και απο των καλων σωμάτων επί τα καλα επιτηδευματα, και OTO των καλων επιτηδευματων επι τα καλα μαθηματα επ' αν απο των μαθηματων επ' εκείνο το μαθημα τελευτηση, ο εσιν εκ αλλά η αυτό εκείνα τα καλά μα θημα, και γνω αυτο τελευτων ο επι xaλov. Plat. Conviv. p. 211. tom. 3. Edit. Serrani. This is the more probable from what Milton says in the account which he gives of himself. "Thus "from the laureat fraternity of "poets, riper years, and the "ceaseless round of study and "reading, led me to the shady

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spaces of philosophy; but chiefly to the divine volumes " of Plato, and his equal Xeno66 phon: where if I should tell

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ye what I learnt of chastity "and love, I mean that which "is truly so," &c. Apol. for Smectymn. p. 111. vol. i. edit. 1738. Thyer.

591.and is judicious,] To be judicious means here to choose proper qualities in Eve for the object of love; to love her only for what is truly amiable: not for the sense of touch whereby mankind is propagated, ver. 579, &c.; but for what Adam found higher in her society, human and rational, ver. 586. &c. Pearce.

595. To whom thus half abash'd Adam replied.] Adam's discourse, which follows the gentle rebuke he received from the angel, shews that his love, however violent it might appear, was still founded in reason, and consequently not improper for Paradise. Addison.

To whom thus half abash'd Adam replied.

This verse might have been turned otherwise,

To whom thus Adam half abash'd replied,

and many perhaps will think that it runs smoother thus. But let the reader consider again,

Neither her outside form'd so fair, nor ought
In procreation common to all kinds
(Though higher of the genial bed by far,
And with mysterious reverence I deem)
So much delights me, as those graceful acts,
Those thousand decencies that daily flow
From all her words and actions mix'd with love
And sweet compliance, which declare unfeign'd
Union of mind, or in us both one soul;
Harmony to behold in wedded pair

More grateful than harmonious sound to th' ear.
Yet these subject not; I to thee disclose
What inward thence I feel, not therefore foil'd,
Who meet with various objects, from the sense
Variously representing; yet still free
Approve the best, and follow what I approve.
To love thou blam'st me not, for love thou say'st
Leads up to heav'n, is both the way and guide;
Bear with me then, if lawful what I ask ;
Love not the heav'nly spi'rits, and how their love

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whether the verse as it is in Milton does not better express the shame and modest confusion of Adam.

598. Though higher of the genial bed by far,] The genial bed, so Horace, Ep. i. i. 87. lectus genialis. And with mysterious reverence I deem. He had applied this epithet to marriage before in iv. 750.

Hail wedded love, mysterious law.

615. Love not the heav'nly spirits, &c.] By studying the reveries of the Platonic writers, Milton contracted a theory concerning chastity and the purity of love, in the contemplation of which, like other visionaries, he indulged his imagination with ideal refinements, and with pleasing but unmeaning notions of excellence and perfection. Plato's sentimental or metaphysical love he seems to have ap

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