use.

A

Absolute pressure, 192

A. temperature; A, zero, 18
Rel. of a. p. to a. temp., 20
Acceleration, 26

Acetylene gas, Generation of,

Burning a. g.; Oxygen con-
sumed; Calculation, 310

Chem. reactions, 309
Properties of a. g., 311

Acetylene lamp (See L., Miners'
Carbide)

Acids, Bases, Salts: Nature of a.;
Distinguishing character-
istics, 61

Affinity of atoms, 59
Afterdamp: Composition, etc., 111
Air, 1 (See Respiration)

Composition of a., 4; Per-

centage c. calculated, 30
Density of a. calculated, 30
Dry a., 4, 70; Formulas, 4,
79, 80

Dry a, vs. wet a., 79 (See
Hygrometry)

Early theories of a., 1
Mechanical mixture, 2, 61
Moisture in a. (See Hygrom-
etry)

Normal a., 4, 5; Exhaled a., 3;

Free a., 19; Residual a.,
Tidal a., 133

Weight of a.: Formulas 4,
79, 80

Weight of a.: Dif. altitudes

and temp. (tables) 11, 15
Air bridges: Overcasts; Under-
casts; Natural o., 251

Air crossings, 249

Air columns-Atmospheric (See
Atmos. pressure)

Average temp. (atmos. a. c.)
Calc. of, 14; Observed
temp. Table of, 15

Air columns, in mines:
Estimation of, 166; Condi-
tions affecting; Positive
and negative a.c., 167;
Downcast, Upcast c. 168;
Calculation of a. c.; Ef-
fective depth, 169; Prob-
lems, 170; Relation of
a. c. to unit ventilating
press., 184; Wwater gage,
184; Barom, pres., 185
Air currents, Conducting, 249
(See Mine Ventilation)
Appliances used: Air bridges
(overcasts undercasts),
brattices, doors, stop-
pings, regulators, 249–251
Circulating system: Intake

and discharge openings,
161; Intake and return
airways, 258; Coursing
the a.; Single current not
adequate, 218

Distribution of a.,

splits, 258

257; A.

Measurement of a. c., 199

Splitting the a. c. (See S. the
A. C.)

Velocity of a. c., 173, Danger
of high v., 179; How v.
is estimated and meas-
ured, 180; Rel. of pres.
and v., 173

Air splits, 258 (See Splitting of the
A. Current)

Airways:

Definition of a., 187; Essen-

tial features; Shape, 188
Intake and return a., 258
Potential of a., 200; Table, 202
Similar a., 189, Principle of

S. a., 191; Rule, 192
Systems of mine a., 262
Resistance of a.; How r.

varies, 191; Unit of r.;
Coef. of fric.; Calcula-
tion of r. of an a., 192;
Formulas for r. 196, 198

Anemometer, The, 180
Artificial respiration (See R.)

Sylvester method, 158; Schae-
fer method, 159
Ashworth-Hepplewhite-Gray safe-
ty lamp, 283

Atmosphere, The, 5 (See Air)
Constant composition, 61
Pressure expressed in a's, 19
Atmospheric pressure, 5

A. p. at dif. altitudes, Table of,
11; Relation of a. p. to
altitude, temp., etc., Table
of, 15

Calculating a. p. (Differential
method), 15

Measurement of (See Baro-

metric Pressure)

Variation of, Daily and yearly,

6

Atoms, corpuscles, electrons, mole-
cules, 22

Atomic heat, re a. wt., 53

Atomic volume, unit of gaseous
v., 29, 63

Atomic weight, rel. w., 59; A. w.
of elements (table), 28
Attraction, Law of, 22, Terrestrial
a., 23

Authorities: Abel, 122; Atkinson,
191; Avogadro, 29;

Beard, 305; Berzelius,
122; Boyle, 19; Burrell,
296; Cavendish, 1; Cham-
berlin, 90; Charles, 18;
Clowes, 311; Dalton, 22;
Davy, 269; Dulong, 53;
Emich, 113; Fairley, 191;
Favre, 66, 68; Galloway,
304, 305; Gay Lussac,
18; Gibbs, 143; Graham,
37; Haldane, 106, 107,
109; Hopkins, 157; Lav-
oisier, 1; LeChatelier, 114,
311; Mallard, 114; Man-
ning, 157; Mariotte, 19;
Paul, 147; Petit, 53;
Priestley, 1; Remsen, 53;
Schaefer, 159; Silber-
mann, 66, 68; Stephen-
son, 268; Stewart, 134;
Stoney, 22; Sylvester, 158;
Taffanel, 123; Thomson,

Birds, Effect of carbon monoxide

on, 106; Table showing
length of exposure and
recovery, 108

Blackdamp, 110 (See Carbon Diox-
ide)

Carbide lamps in b., 311
Definition; Production in
mines; Effect on human
system, 110

Blood, Circulation of, 3 (See Respi-
ration)

Absorption of carbon mono-
oxide by the b., 103;
Rate of a., 104

B. test for carbon monoxide,
106
Percentage of saturation in

b. re p. c. in air breathed,
105; P. of carbon mon-
oxide fatal to life, 107

Blowers, Gas, 87 (See Geological
Conditions)

Blownout shot, cause of mine ex-

plosion, 127

Boiling, Evaporation, Vaporiza-

tion, 50

B. points of dif. liquids, Table,
51; Effect of pres. on
b. p. and v., 50

Bonnet, Lamp (See L. Mine

Safety)

Box regulator, The, 231 (See
Regulators)

Area of opening, Example,
234, 240

Pres. due to b. r., 232
Brattices, 249; How built, 250
Breathing Apparatus, 132 (See
Respiration)

Design; Development, 135
Permissible b. a.; Definition,
148

Principle of b. a., 132
Regenerator, 136

Specifications by the Bureau

of

Mines: Conditions

of testing, 148; Character
of tests, 150; Construc-
tion of b. a., 151; Detail
of procedure in tests,
153; Approval of a., 155
Notification to manufac-
turer; Fees for testing;
Application for test of a.,
156

Testing b. a., 136
Types of b. a., 137:

Draeger b. a., 137; Essen-
tial parts; Capacity, 139
Fleus Proto b. a., 139;
Essential parts, 140; Ca-
pacity, 142

Gibbs b. a., 143; Circu-
lation, 144; Testing 145
Paul b. a., 147

British thermal unit, 51
Burrell gas detector, The, 299
Bureau of Mines, 147

Requirements in breathing
apparatus, 147; Specifica-
tions b. a, 148; Electric
mine lamps, 319; Mine
safety lamps, 288

C

Calorie, 52

Pound, c., 52; Equivalent
B.t.u., etc., 53

Canary, (See Birds etc.)
Cap, Flame,(See F. C.)
Cap lamp, Electric, (See E. Mine
L.)

Carbide lamps (See L. Acetylene C.)
Carbon, Heat of combustion of,
66

Thermochemical equation, 69
Carbon dioxide, 109

Absorption of, in breathing
apparatus, 136

Amount produced in breath-
ing, 134

Flame caps in safety lamps;
Height of f. cap or elon-
gation of f. for dif. illumi-
nants and dif. percentages
of gas; Inflammable and
explosive zones, 303
Humidity of air for dif.
dry-and-wet bulb read-
ings; Percentage and
weight of water vapor in
air, 81; Table, 75
Pressure (atmospheric) at dif.
altitudes; Corresponding
water column and baro-
meter; Mean observed
temp. of atmosphere, 15
Pressure, power, volume: Lb.
p. sq. ft.; Oz. p. sq. in.;
water gage, inches, 184
Expansion

Temperature:

curve for air and gases;
Relation of absolute t.
and volume, 19
Chemical affinity, 46, 56
C. change; C. reaction, 56,
62; Examples of c.r.; Effect
of heat 57; C. compound,
60; C. equation; How
written, 62; What it
shows, 67; Use of c. e.,
63; C. symbols, 58

Chemistry of gases, 56

Chesneau safety lamp, 283
Chokedamp, 109 (See Carbon
Dioxide)

Circulation in mines (See M. Venti-
lation)

Flow of air in airways, 172;

Potential of c., 201; P.
values for dif. c., 202;
Table, 203; Pres. pro-
ducing c., 174; Power
required to produce a
given c., 249

Tandem c.; Summation of
potentials, 214; Formulas,