In pursuance of the Slaughterhouses, &c. (Metropolis), Act, 1874, by which the Metropolitan Board of Works are constituted the Local Authority for the Metropolis (except the City of London and the liberties thereof), the said Metropolitan Board of Works, for the purposes of these Bye-Laws called the " Board," do hereby make the following Bye-Laws : Bye-Laws for Regulating the Conduct of the Business. 1. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause all moist fleshings and other material liable to decomposition, which may be kept or stored upon his premises, to be kept or stored only in such part or parts of his premises as are properly paved with asphalt, concrete, or other suitable jointless material, and covered with a watertight roof; and he shall keep or store such material in such manner that no offensive effluvia or vapours therefrom shall escape into the external atmosphere. 2. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause every process of his business in which any offensive effluvia, vapours, or gases are generated, to be carried on in such manner that no offensive effluvia, vapours, or gases shall escape into the external atmosphere in such a way as to create a nuisance; and he shall cause all such offensive effluvia, vapours, or gases to be effectually destroyed, or discharged into the atmosphere at a sufficient elevation to render them inoffensive. 3. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause all scutch or refuse from the boiling pans, and all refuse, residue, or other matter from which offensive effluvia or vapours are evolved or are liable to be evolved, to be placed in properly closed receptacles, or to be otherwise dealt with in such manner as to prevent any offensive effluvia or vapours therefrom escaping into the external atmosphere. 4. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause all scraps of glue and size, and all litter composed of fleshings, trimmings, clippings, and other matters liable to become decomposed, to be constantly gathered or swept up and placed in proper receptacles. 5. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause the floor of every place in which glue or size is boiled, and of every place in which any process of the business (except the drying and packing processes) is carried on, to be thoroughly cleansed with water at least once in 24 hours; and he shall cause the premises to be constantly provided with an adequate supply of water for the purpose. 6. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause every inner wall of the premises on which his business is carried on to be kept at all times thoroughly clean and in good order and repair. He shall cause every inuer wall and every ceiling in every part of his premises, where any process of boiling, cooling, cutting, or washing may be carried on, to be thoroughly washed with hot lime-wash in the month of March in every year, and from time to time thereafter, as often as may be necessary for the purpose of keeping such part of the premises in a cleanly and wholesome state. 7. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause every vessel, receptacle, utensil, or instrument provided or used upon, or in connection with, the premises on which his business may be carried on, to be kept, when not actually in use, at all times thoroughly clean, so as to prevent the emission of any offensive smell from such vessel, receptacle, utensil, or instrument. 8. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall afford access to every part of the premises on which his business is carried on to every Member and Officer of the Board, authorized in writing under the hand of the Clerk of the said Board, at any reasonable time during the hours within which such business may be carried on. 9. Every person offending against any of the foregoing Bye-Laws shall be liable for every such offence to a penalty of £5; and in the case of a continuing offence to a penalty of £1 for every day during which the offence may be continued after the conviction for the first offence. 10. Every Court of Summary Jurisdiction as defined in the Slaughterhouses, &c., Metropolis, Act, 1874, may, as a penalty for the breach of any of the foregoing ByeLaws, by summary Order, suspend or deprive any person altogether of the right of carrying on the business of a Glue and Size Manufacturer, 1 Now London County Council. Bye-Laws for Regulating the Structure of the Premises. 11. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause every floor upon which any process of his business (except the drying and packing processes) is carried on, in any part of his premises to be properly covered with a layer of concrete, or other suitable jointless and impervious material, laid (in the case of a ground floor) upon a suitable bottom of at least four inches in thickness. He shall cause such floor to have a proper slope towards a channel or gully; and shall cause every part of his premises wherein any such floor may be constructed to be effectually drained by adequate drains communicating with a public sewer. He shall also cause every drain to be properly trapped, and the entrance thereto to be covered with a fixed grating, the bars of which shall not be more than three-eighths of an inch apart. 12. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause his premises to be provided with appliances capable of effectually destroying all offensive effluvia, vapours, or gases arising in any process of his business, or from any material, residue, or other substance which may be kept or stored upon his premises; or with such appliances as shall be effectual for drawing off and discharging such effluvia, vapours, or gases, into the atmosphere at a sufficient elevation to render them inoffensive. 13. Every Glue and Size Manufacturer shall cause all needful works and alterations to the premises to be forthwith done and executed as and when the same shall become requisite, but shall not allow any alteration whatsoever to be made in respect of the structure of the premises, without the consent of the Board. 14. Every person who shall not comply with any of the foregoing Bye-Laws relating to the structure of the premises shall be guilty of an offence, and shall be liable, for every such offence, to a penalty of £5, and in the case of a continuing offence, to a penalty of £1 for every day during which the offence may be continued after the conviction of the first offence. Provided always that the foregoing ByeLaws for regulating the structure of the premises shall not, until after the expiration of twelve months from the date of the confirmation of the Bye-Laws be deemed to apply to any premises where at such date the business of a Glue and Size Manufacturer may be carried on. Bye-Law for Regulating the Mode of Application for Sanction to New Establishment of the Business. 15. Every person who may apply to the Board for sanction to establish anew the business of a Glue and Size Manufacturer, shall furnish with the application a plan of the premises and sections of the buildings in which it is proposed to carry on such business, such plans and sections being drawn to a scale of a quarter of an inch to the foot, and showing the provision made, or proposed to be made, for the drainage, lighting, ventilation, and water supply of such premises, and shall also furnish a key plan of the locality, showing the buildings and streets within one hundred yards of the premises, drawn to a scale of five feet to the mile. Dated the First day of August, One thousand Eight hundred and Seventy-nine. (198) Nuisance from Fried Fish Shops. The frying of fish is frequently complained of. The fish are fried in dripping or other fatty matter; should the fat burn, acrolein is produced, but, as a rule, the fumes are not specially irritating. The stove where the fish is fried should be provided with a suitable hood or other appliance to carry off the volatile materials; there ought to be no difficulty in carrying the vapours evolved either through a fire or into a chimney shaft high enough to prevent the odour being offensive to neighbours. (199) Roasting of Vegetable Substances, such as Malt, Chicory, Coffee. There is considerable odour in all these cases. The roasting is usually performed in revolving cylinders, the cylinders being inclosed in casings to which the heat is applied. The nuisance may be greatly reduced, if not altogether prevented, by carrying the vapours themselves into a tall chimney shaft, and by the use of proper hoods connected with the chimney. (200) Nuisances from the Manufacture of India-rubber. The crude india-rubber is boiled, washed in a machine called a masticator," incorporated with flowers of sulphur or antimony sulphide, and goes through various other processes. It is subsequently vulcanized by either the American process or the English process. The American or Goodyear process is chiefly mechanical, but in the English process a solvent called "solvent naphtha is used. The nuisances produced are a peculiar india-rubber odour, together with the odour of tar-oil and sulphuretted hydrogen. These odours are perceptible at times at distances of a quarter of a mile. According to Dr. Ballard, the processes concerned in creating nuisance are as follows:: (1) The boiling of the rubber, the steam having an "indiarubber" odour. (2) The several processes in which naphtha are used. (3) The discharge of steam from the vulcanizers. (4) The drying of sheets of vulcanized india-rubber upon steam chests after washing them, the process giving an odour of burning rubber. The methods proposed to prevent these nuisances are as follows: (1) The boiling of the rubber to be conducted in closed vessels, and the steam to be condensed or burnt up in a fire. (2) The naphtha condensed, as is done in Messrs. Moseley's works, or else passed, as in Messrs. Quin's factory at Leyland, into a scrubber supplied with creasote oil; the oil absorbs the naphtha, and the naphtha may be subsequently recovered by distillation. (201) Flax Retting. The flax plants are soaked in pits under water, and the infusion thus produced is allowed to ferment; this process is called "retting." Afterwards the plants are spread out in a field to dry. The fermentation is productive of nuisance, for the process is decidedly offensive. Carbonic acid and other gases are produced in considerable quantities, but according to analyses by Professor Hodges, of Belfast, no sulphuretted hydrogen can be detected. The odour of the flax pool is ascribed to small quantities of butyric and other volatile fatty acids. The "grassing" is still more productive of nuisance; for here large quantities of offensive matters are spread out in the fields, and the vapours impregnate the air for a long distance. (202) The Manufacture of Oxalic Acid from Sawdust. Sawdust is introduced into a semicircular iron pan heated by a fire beneath, and the sawdust is mixed with a strong solution of potash or soda, or both. The mixture is evaporated down to a pasty mass and constantly stirred. During this part of the process vapours are abundantly given off, which are variously described as "sickly" or as "disagreeable," but no direct injury to health has been proved. When the material is dry, it is lixiviated with water, and the alkaline oxalate crystallized out. A solution of this crude oxalate is precipitated by means of lime, and the oxalate of lime is boiled with sulphuric acid so as to set the oxalic acid free; the solution of oxalic acid is crystallized out, and to aid in bleaching it, before crystallizing a little nitric acid is added. During the treatment with sulphuric acid, very irritating acid fumes are given off. The remedy for the nuisance during the evaporation down with alkali is evidently to cover the vessel in which the process takes place, and to convey the fumes away either to a tall chimney shaft or through a fire. The evolution of corrosive acid fumes can be dealt with by leading the fumes to a coke tower in which the coke is kept moist by a stream of water. (203) The Manufacture of Paper from Esparto Grass. The esparto grass is boiled with a solution of caustic soda; the liquor from this boiling is in some places turned into the nearest stream, polluting it and destroying the fish present; in other places it is concentrated by evaporation, incinerated, and the soda recovered. Esparto liquid is of the colour of strong tea, is alkaline from the soda in solution, is strongly reducing, and emits a very peculiar and offensive odour. It should never be permitted to be run into a stream or ditch near inhabited places. During the process of incineration for the recovery of the soda there is a strong empyreumatic odour. There may also be nuisance from the evaporation in the old-fashioned way by boiling it down in shallow pans. In the best arrangements, such as "Roeckner's patent evaporator" and the "Porion-Davis' evaporator," there would, however, seem to be little cause of complaint. (204) The Manufacture of Wood Pulp. The manufacture of wood pulp is very similar to the above. Chips or shavings are heated with steam under pressure, a solution of caustic soda being added. The soda is generally recovered as in that from esparto liquor. Nuisance has been experienced from offensive steam, and from the turning of the hot liquid into the public sewer. (205) Distillation of Wood for the Purposes of obtaining Wood, exhausted dye-woods, or sawdust are distilled in ovens, cylinders, or other forms of retorts, and the volatile products condensed. Nuisance arises from the evolution of uncondensed gases, and from operations involved in changing the retorts and in luting them. In Bowers's apparatus for the distillation of sawdust, the pipe conveying the vapours for condensation often gets blocked and has to be cleared; the operation takes little time, but during the short interval there is abundant escape of gaseous products. U |