their respective population, distance from London, markets, fairs, &c. &c. together with many other branches of useful information. We regret that the new census is not embraced in the statement of population.

20. Hints on the Cholera Morbus, by Esther Copley, (Darton, London,) strongly recommends cleanliness, temperance, and moderation in every enjoyment. Excess, wet feet, lying on damp ground, sleeping in low ill-ventilated rooms, generate and strengthen disease. This is a little tract replete with good advice, founded on com

mon sense.

21. A Familiar Treatise on the Human Eye, containing Rules to be observed in the Choice of Spectacles, &c. by Francis West, Optician, Fleet-street, London, is deserving the serious attention of every person who possesses the organs of vision, and wishes to preserve them. It is a small tract, containing no more than forty-seven pages; but its diminutive magnitude is more than compensated by its intrinsic excellence. On the construction of the eye, the nature of vision, the advantage of glasses, and the judgment that should be exercised in the selection of these valuable auxiliaries, the author makes some very sensible observations. We have rarely perused a little pamphlet with more unmingled satisfaction. 22. Millman's Tales, adapted for the Higher Classes of Youth, (Souter, London,) scarcely aspire to the character of facts. They are said to be Tales of the Stanley Family; but they would have flourished with equal luxuriance, if they had been engrafted on any other name. True to character, in many respects, they undoubtedly are, but it is character that is only of rare occurrence; and, perhaps, on this account, they are better calculated to delight the imagination than to improve the understanding. The design of the writer we most readily admit to be truly laudable, as they invariably lead to some useful conclusion, which the reader cannot fail to appreciate.

23. A Selection of Exercises on the Pronunciation of the French Language, &c. &c. by W. H. Spiller, Highgate Hill, (Simpkin, London,) is a respectable volume, that promises to be extensively useful. It will be no small advantage to the youthful reader to find, in 350 exercises, all letters, not sounded, printed in italics. example thus given will furnish a ground of analogy on which he may proceed with safety, when subjects occur that appear in similar constructions. The vocabulary of every term used in this volume, the pupil will find to be a considerable acquisition.

The

CHOLERA MORBUS, IN HAMBURGH.

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THE public have long heard of the dreadful ravages made by this fatal disease, both in India, and on the continent of Europe. The danger of its visiting this country has now assumed such an alarming attitude, that, cautions and observations, respecting its prevention, symptoms, and cure, form a long and distinguished article in the London Gazette, of Friday, October 21. Of this very serious and interesting article, the following is an abridged account.

The disease prevails at Hamburgh in a' most alarming degree, and the intercourse between that city and this country, every one knows to be exceedingly great. The quarantine laws will, it is hoped, be a sufficient guard in all regular communications. The greatest danger is from smuggling. This is an inlet which nothing but the good sense, humanity, and self-interest. of the community can protect. To avoid all clandestine communication with suspicious places, is therefore most solemnly and earnestly recommended, as an indispensable duty to every inhabitant of the British empire.

Cleanliness is particularly recommended, especially in narrow and crowded streets. Decayed vegetables, rags, cordage, waste papers, old clothes, and dirty walls and furniture, are instruments to receive, retain, and communicate infection. The removal of these, constant washing, and ventilation, are among the best securities against this mortal disease. Dissipation, irregular habits, and the indulgence in ardent spirits, have also been found to furnish the greater number of victims.

It is also recommended, that, in every large town, persons be appointed to watch the first appearance of the malady. These are immediately to give notice to medical men, who will communicate with the Board of Health in London. Houses also should be provided in the vicinity of each place, to which the afflicted may be instantly removed, to prevent the spread of contagion.

To these general admonitions we beg to add the following document, which cannot fail to command attention, from the high medical authority with which it is

sanctioned.

"Board of Health, College of Physicians, October 20.

"The following are the early symptoms of the disease in it most marked form, as it occurred to the observation of Dr. Russell and Dr. Barry, at St. Petersburgh, corro

"Giddiness, sick stomach, nervous agitation, intermittent, slow, or small pulse, cramps beginning at the tops of the fingers and toes, and rapidly approaching the trunk, give the first warning.

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Vomiting or purging, or both these evacuations, of a liquid like rice-water or whey, or barley-water, come on; the features become sharp and contracted; the eye sinks, the look is expressive of terror and wildness; the lips, face, neck, hands, and feet, and, soon after, the thighs, arms, and whole surface, assume a leaden, blue, purple, black, or deep brown tint, according to the complexion of the individual, varying in shade with the intensity of the attack. The fingers and toes are reduced in size, the skin and soft parts covering them are wrinkled, shrivelled, and folded; the nails put on a bluish pearly white; the larger superficial veins are marked by flat lines of a deeper black; the pulse becomes either small as a thread, and scarcely vibrating, or else totally extinct.

"The skin is deadly cold, and often damp, the tongue always moist, often white and loaded, but flabby and chilled, like a piece of dead flesh. The voice is nearly gone; the respiration quick, irregular, and imperfectly performed. The patient speaks in a whisper. He struggles for breath, and often lays his hand on his heart, to point out the seat of his distress. Sometimes there are rigid spasms of the legs, thighs, and loins. The secretion of urine is totally suspended; vomiting and purging, which are far from being the most important or dangerous symptoms, and which, in a very great number of cases of the disease have not been profuse, or have been arrested by medicine early in the attack, succeed.

"It is evident that the most urgent and peculiar symptom of this disease is the sudden depression of the vital powers; proved by the diminished action of the heart, the coldness of the surface and extremities, and the stagnant state of the whole circulation. It is important to advert to this fact, as pointing out the instant measures which may safely and beneficially be employed where medical aid cannot immediately be procured. All means tending to restore the circulation and maintain the warmth of the body should be had recourse to without delay. The patients should always immediately be put to bed, wrapped up in hot blankets, and warmth should be sustained by other external applications, such as repeated frictions with flannels and camphorated spirits; poultices of mustard and

linseed (equal parts) to the stomach, particularly where pain and vomiting exist; similar poultices to the feet and legs, to restore their warmth. The returning heat of the body may be promoted by bags containing hot salt or bran applied to different parts of it. For the same purpose of restoring and sustaining the circulation, white wine whey, with spice, hot brandy and water, or sal volatile, in the dose of a tea-spoonful in hot water, frequently repeated, or from five to twenty drops of some of the essential oils, as pepperment, cloves, or cajeput, in a wine-glass of water, may be administered; with the same view, where the stomach will bear it, warm broth with spice may be employed. In very severe cases, or where medical aid is diffi cult to be obtained, from twenty to forty drops of laudanum may be given, in any of the warm drinks previously recom mended.

"These simple means are proposed as resources in the incipient stage of the disease, where medical aid has not yet been obtained.

"In reference to the further means to be adopted in the treatment of this disease, it is necessary to state, that no specific remedy has yet been ascertained; nor has any plan of cure been sufficiently commended by success, to warrant its express recommendation from authority. The Board have already published a detailed statement of the methods of treatment adopted in India, and of the different opinions entertained as to the use of bleeding, emetics, calomel, opium, &c. There is reason to believe that more information on this subject may be obtained from those parts of the continent where the disease is now prevailing ; but even should it be otherwise, the greatest confidence may be reposed in the intelligence and zeal which the medical practi tioners of this country will employ in establishing an appropriate method of cure.

" HENRY HALFORD,
"President of the Board."

GLEANINGS.

Important to Friendly Societies. We learn, that on the 16th ult. the presidents, and other official mem bers of eight respectable societies in London, in con junction with Mr. Wright, presented, by the hands of Mr. Wilks, a petition to the House of Commons, praying for a revision of the laws respecting these valuable institutions. Upon the motion of Mr. Wilks, it was ordered, that returns should be made to parlia ment of all rules which were enrolled between the years 1793 and 1829; and, at the same time, Mr. Wilks also gave notice that he should shortly move to have the time extended for enrolling the rules. under the act 10 Geo. IV. c. 56, until the sense of the societies throughout the kingdom can be collected, as to the improvements suggested in the said petition. The petition states, that the expense of enrolling the rules of the 12,000 societies, under the said act, will, in the aggregate, be about 360,000. The unnecessary expenditure of this sum, together with many other

serious expenses, tending to impoverish the societies, Mr. Wright undertakes to demonstrate, at any public meeting which the friends of these benevolent institutions may convene in London. Further information may be obtained, on application to Mr. Wilkins, No. 60. Holborn Hill, London.

Modern Fashionable Life. The nobility and higher orders of this country seldom rise from their beds much before mid-day; they then breakfast upon dainties provided to excite their languid appetites; they afterwards prepare for what they call exercise, which, after partaking of another meal. consists in being dragged in a carriage, or sauntering on horseback, in the park, or principal streets in the metropolis, where they leisurely pass an hour or two. Their time of dinner is generally about seven or eight o'clock in the evening, when they sit down to a table loaded with every luxury that can be procured, whether in or out of season, and consisting of several courses of rich soups, various sauces, and variously compounded dishes, wherein the principal ingredients are lost in unnatural cookery, all of which, however innocent in themselves, are, from their combinations, rendered most pernicious; these are accompanied with liquors of the most inviting flavours, and most intoxicating qualities.-Whatever may be the moderation of a man, or however guarded may be his intentions, when exposed to such accumulated temptations as are here presented to him, it is difficult to believe he will not exceed the bounds of the just moderation essential to the preservation of health. What then must be the excesses of those who, not content with the ordinary powers of the stomach to minister to the indulgence of the palate, have recourse to drugs, tonics, and artificial provocatives, to excite and stimulate it to efforts beyond its strength, in the reception of the pernicious trash which is only hastening it to its destruction. But the excesses of the table do not terminate the follies of our votaries of fashion; after indulging to satiety, they hasten to the crowded circles of gaiety and dissipation, there to pass the night in an atmosphere composed wholly of their own respirations, till, exhausted by fatigue, and oppressed by repletion, they throw themselves upon their beds about sunrise, and sleep a few hours in a room from which every breath of pure air is most cantiously excluded.-Pinney's Code of Health.

Suspended Animation.-It having appeared, in the course of the examination into the circumstances attending the late melancholy accident, by which Sir Joseph Yorke and three other individuals lost their lives, that a grievous want of knowledge of the means by which suspended animation may be restored, in cases of this sort, prevailed among those who took an active part in picking up the bodies of the unfortunate men, by which at least one life was lost, the following observations, extracted from a recent lecture by Sir Astley Cooper, will, it is to be hoped, be deemed not altogether unworthy of attention: When a person is taken out of the water." says Sir Astley, "nothing is so absurd, or so likely to cause death, as to hang the patient up by the heels, under a notion that the water will run out of his Jungs. This has been practised, but it is most fatal. What I would recommend as the first thing to be done, even at the water's edge, is to lay the patient on his back, his head being a little elevated; and then let some one press strongly on the breast bone, with both hands, so as to depress the ribs; and then let him spring up again, so as to induce respiration. After this, the patient should be taken to a moderately warm room, his clothes taken off, and his person wrapped in a blanket. If this cannot be done, let him be laid on a dung heap. It often happens that bleeding is necessary, to relieve the heart from an overload of blood. This should be done by making a small puncture in the jugular vein; this must, of course, be done by a surgeon; but what I have before recommended may be done by any person, and it requires no apparatus. After the respiration and the circulation of the blood are restored, commence friction, and give brandy. If you cannot succeed in restoring respiration by the mode I have mentioned, tie a handkerchief round the nozzle of a pair of bellows, press the nose of the patient, and put the end of the bozzle of the bellows into his mouth, and thus try to inflate the lungs."

England's King William.-Three out of the four kings of this country who have borne the name of William, have been remarkably identified with the introduction of a new order of things. William of Normandy, by right of conquest, took possession of the land; and his followers left those castles, and many of those surnames, traces of which remain at this day. William of Nassau was the adopted monarch of the Revolution of 1688; to him we are indebted for the maintenance of our civil and religious liberties against popish usurpation. Lastly, King William the Fourth is likely to effect a change as memorable as those brought about by the instrumentality of his predecessors.

535

Exeter Hall-Sir Christopher Wren says, that churches should not exceed 90 feet long by 60 broad, which makes 5.400 square feet. Exeter Hall, the new building for holding the public meetings, is 130 feet long by 76 wide, which makes 9,880 square feet; being an excess of 4,480 square feet,-so that it is, if measured by Sir Christopher Wren's standard, nearly one half too large. This probably accounts for the difficulty experienced in the large room in hearing the speakers from the platform to advantage. The expense of erecting this building was 28,000/.

Longevity.-Lately died at Jamaica, Joseph Ram, a black, helonging to Morice Hall's estate, at the extraordinary age of 146.

The City of the Dead.-The neighbourhood of Thebes presents a subject worthy of attention, and quite characteristic of an Egyptian capital,-the Necropolis, or City of the Dead. Proceeding on the idea that the human being only sojourns for a time in the land of the living, but that the tomb is his permanent dwelling place, the inhabitants of this magnificent metropolis lavished much of their wealth and taste on the decorations of their sepulchres. The mountains on the western side of Thebes have been nearly hollowed out in order to supply tombs for the inhabitants; while an adjoining valley, remarkable for its solitary and gloomy aspect, appears to have been selected by persons of rank as the receptacle of their mortal remains. The darkest recesses of these pits and chambers have been explored by travellers in search of such antiquities as might illustrate the ancient manners of the people, as well as by those mercenary dealers in mummies, who make a trade of human bones, coffius, and funeral lining.-Edinburgh Cabinet Library, No. 3, View of Ancient and Modern Egypt.

Sagacity of Dogs in Madagascar.-The dogs are said to be so sagacious, that, when one has occasion to cross a river, he will stand barking on the bank considerably lower than the point where he means to attempt his passage. When all alligators have been attracted to the former spot, away he runs full speed, plunges into the stream at a safe distance, and swims over, before the enemy can sail back against the current to interrupt him.-Bennett and Tyerman's Voyages and Travels.

Curious Anecdote.-The following story, connected with the history of a spaniel, whose portrait may be seen at Messrs. Stroud and Co's., printsellers, Strand, is well authenticated. The animal was in the possession of a very poor man,living in Brook-street, Holborn, and was the admiration of the neighbourhood: the proprietor was frequently offered money for her, but invariably refused it; at length, a lady was so struck with the beauty of the little creature, that she offered 15. for her: this sum was, however, refused; but, at the lady's request, the owner of the dog gave his address. The lady called next day, and offered a lottery ticket and 57. The offer was accepted, and in four days the dog seller was in possession of 20,000/,! the ticket having been drawn a capital prize.

Anecdote of Paganini.-We have heard an anecdote of this extraordinary man, which speaks volumes for the goodness of his heart. One day, while walking in the streets of Vienna, he saw a poor boy playing upon his violin; and, on entering into conversation with him, he found that he maintained his mother and several little brothers and sisters by what he picked up as an itinerant musician. Paganini immediately gave him all the money he had about him; then, taking the boy's violin, commenced playing, and, when he had collected a vast crowd, pulled off his hat, made a collection, and gave it to the poor boy, amid the acclamations of the multitude.- Athenæum.

The Burning Cliff at Holworth-near Weymouth, is now becoming an object of particular attention. Fissures have, within the last fortnight, opened, discharging vapour at another part, about five hundred feet to the westward of the long line of apertures, which have for some time past been active in operation.-Hampshire Advertiser, June 4, 1831.

Remarkable Fatality of the late Mr. Huskisson,There are some persons who are reported never to have gone into action without being wounded. Mr. Huskisson seems to have laboured under a similar fatality, in regard to accidents, from his earliest infancy to that fatal one which closed his career. When a child, he fractured his arm; a few days before his marriage, his horse fell with him, and he was severely hurt; soon after, he was knocked down by the pole of a carriage, just at the entrance to the Horse Guards; in the autumn of 1801, being then in Scotland, at the Duke of Athol's, he missed his distance in attempting