26 RIGHT LINES IN THEIR RIGHT PLACES.

have drawn your figure, turn it upside down and sideways, and if the figure is really square, it will look the same in any way that you can place it, and you must never give up a drawing until you have tried your best to get it correct.

When you think that your square is quite right, draw the dotted lines across it. These go from angle to angle, and are called Di-ag-o-nals. The point at which the diagonals pass through each other is the centre of the square. In a square the diagonals are equal, but they are not so in a rhombus or in a rhomboid.

You will now, I think, be able to draw a cottage window.

Begin by drawing a large square, and so that you may know which part of the copy I mean, I have marked this square A B C D.

When this is done, draw the piece of wood marked E, which forms the top of the window; then the window-sill marked F, and then the upright bar marked G, which divides the window into two equal parts.

Then draw the " diagonals across each of these two parts. You will see which I mean, as they are drawn rather more thickly than the others; and now you can draw the rest of the

lines across, which divide the windows into separate little diamond-shaped panes.

Now you must bear in mind that you would not think a man very clever at his work if he came to put in some new panes, and did not cut them all one size; for you know they should all be exact to each other, and therefore you must be very careful to make them all equal in your drawing. Next you will draw the shutters, and must not forget that, when they are shut, they meet exactly on the upright bar of wood (marked G) in the middle of the window, but do not lap over each other, so you must be careful to draw them just half the width of the window, and both the same size.

When you have drawn the two rectangles for the outlines of the shutters, divide each of them into halves by lines drawn from top to bottom of them, and then divide these halves again by lines parallel to the first; these will cut each rectangle into four strips for the boards of which the shutters are made; but, in all your drawing, I wish you to bear in mind how the object which you are imitating is made, and in this case you must remember that the boards of the shutters are not simply glued together at their edges, for then they

would very soon fall to pieces when they got wet, but broad flat ledges of wood are nailed across the backs, some of the nails passing through each board of the shutters, then their points are bent round and hammered into the wood again; this clinches them, and holds the boards very strongly to the ledges.

Now all children like to draw houses, and on the next page you will find a small one, called a cottage. Firstly, draw a square, then draw the top line out a little longer on each side, and draw the tiles, or slates. You will see that the roof is then formed of three lines, and the shape is therefore called a Triangle, which means a figure which has three sides and corners. Bear in mind what I have said about the walls of a house being upright, and be careful to make them so, and the chimney as well, for you know that would look very strange and unsafe if it were slanting. Now you may put in the windows and door; but you need not copy these from my drawing, but try to think of some you have seen this will teach you to observe for yourself. Next, you will draw the palings; and when you get on further, you shall learn how to draw the trees in the garden.

You see that

you

will soon now be able to draw