§. 26. Résoudre, to resolve and dissolve. ACTIVE Verb. Infinitive. Résoudre, to resolve; résolvant, resolving; résolu, résolue; or résous, [without feminine,] resolved. Avoir résolu, ayant résolu. Ind. Pres. Je résous, Imp. Je résolvais, Pret. Je résolus, Nous résolûmes, Fut. Je résoudrai, Nous résoudrons, Cond. Pres. Je résoudrais, Nous résoudrions, Imperative. [No 1st person.] Sub. Pres. Que je résolve, Que nous résolvions, Imp. Que je résolusse, tu résous, tu résoudrais, résous, que tu résolves, que vous résolviez, il ou elle résout; il ou elle résoudrait; Que nous résolussions,que vous résolussiez,qu'ils ou qu'elles résolussent. The above Verb has two Past Participles, résolu, résolue, in the sense of resolving, determining, deciding: as-Ce jeune homme a résolu de changer de conduite, this young man has determined to change his conduct; and résous, without feminine, meaning dissolving: le soleil a résous le brouillard en pluie, the sun has dissolved the fog into rain. Conjugate after the same manner se résoudre, to be resolved, to form a resolution, and se résoudre, to be dissolved, to melt. §. 27. Suivre, to follow. ACTIVE VERB. Infinitive. Suivre, to follow; suivant, following; suivi, suivie, Conjugate after the same manner Poursuivre, to pursue, to prosecute. S'ensuivre, to follow, to result, is also conjugated after the same manner, but it is only used in the Third Persons Singular and Plural of its different Tenses, either simple or compound, and in the Present of the Infinitive: as-Un grand bien s'ensuivit, much good resulted from it; tous les maux qui s'ensuivent, all the evils which result from it. This Verb is also frequently used in an unipersonal way, at the Third Person Singular only of its different Tenses with the Pronoun il, in the sense of resulting: as-Il s'ensuit de là que.., hence it follows that..; de cette proposition il s'ensuit que...., from that proposition it follows that... Its Compound Tenses are always formed with être. §. 28. Sourdre, to spring. NEUTER AND DEFECTIVE VERB. This Verb is only used in speaking of fountains, springs, rivers which spring out from the earth. Its only Tenses in use are the Present of the Infinitive, and the Third Persons Singular and Plural of the Present of the Indicative: as-Ce marais sera difficile à dessécher, on y voit sourdre des eaux de tous côtés, this marsh will be drained with difficulty, from the springs rising in every part; on dit que le Rhin, le Rhône, et le Pô sourdent au pied de la même montagne, it is said that the Rhine, the Rhone, and the Po, take their rise at the foot of the same mountain. §. 29. Traire, to milk. ACTIVE AND DEFECTIVE Verb. Infinitive. Traire, to milk; trayant, milking; trait, traite, milked. Avoir trait, ayant trait. Ind. Pres. Je trais, Nous trayons, tu trais, il ou elle trait; Conjugate after the same manner the Verbs compounded of traire, such as-Attraire, to entice; abstraire, to abstract; extraire, to extract; distraire, to distract, to divert; rentraire, to fine-draw; retraire, to redeem an estate; soustraire, to substract, to hide, to conceal, to get or take away; se soustraire à, to avoid, to escape, to withdraw one's self from. Attraire is not much used, but in the Present of the Infinitive: asLe sel est bon pour attraire les pigeons, salt attracts pigeons; and even then, attirer is to be preferred. Abstraire is very little used, faire abstraction being better. Tistre, to weave. §. 30. NEUTER AND DEFECTIVE Verb. This Verb is only used in its Compound Tenses which are formed with the different Tenses of either avoir or être, according as we wish to express an action, or the state of the thing mentioned, and its Past Participle tissu, woven. Tisser is its substitute in the other Tenses: thus we say-Tisser du lin, de la laine, du coton, to weave flax, wool, cotton. Tissu is used both in a natural and figurative sense as a Substantive and a Participle: thus we say-Un drap bien tissu, cloth well woven; un tissu d'or, d'argent, de cheveux, gold, silver, hair lace; un long tissu de belles actions, a long series of noble actions. Infinitive. Vivre, to live; vivant, living; vecu, lived. [no feminine] Ind. Pres. Je vis, Nous vivons, Avoir vecu, ayant vecu. tu vis, il ou elle vit; Conjugate after the same manner the Verbs compounded of vivre, such as- -Survivre, to outlive. -Il vit de pain, he lives upon Vivre governs the Preposition de: asbread. The Third Person Singular of the Present of the Subjunctive vive, and the Third Person Plural vivent, are frequently used without any antecedent, by way of acclamation or shout of joy, before the name of persons to whom we wish a long and happy life; or before the name of any thing that we highly esteem and praise: as-Vive le roi! Long live the king! Vive la vie! Vivent les gens d'esprit! Vivent la Champagne et la Bourgogne pour les bons vins! §. 32. Vaincre, to vanquish, to conquer. ACTIVE ANnd DeFECTIVE VERB. Infinitive. Vaincre, to conquer; vainquant, conquering; vaincu, Imperative. [The Second Person Singular is not used, but we say :] qu'il ou qu'elle vainque ; qu'ils ou qu'elles vainquent. Sub. Pres. Que je vainque, que tu vainques, Que nous vainquions, que vous vainquiez, qu'il ou qu'elle vainque; qu'ils ou qu'elles vainquent. Imp. Que je vainquisse, que tu vainquisses, qu'il ou qu'elle vainquît; Que nous vainquissions,que vous vainquissiez,qu'ils ou qu'elles vainquissent. Conjugate after the same manner convaincre, to convince. In Verbs ending in aincre, the c is always changed into qu in the Tenses in which it comes before the Vowels a, e, i, o, as may be seen in the above Conjugation. The Three Persons Singular of the Present of the Indicative, and of the Imperfect are but very seldom used. Voltaire expunges them. Corneille has, however, used them in Sertorius, Act. iv. Sc. 4."De l'amour aisément ou ne rainc pas les charmes." ARTICLE XV. UNIPERSONAL VERBS. Unipersonal Verbs are Verbs which, as we have already observed, under the article of Pronominal Unipersonal Verbs, are only used in the Third Person Singular of their Simple and Compound Tenses, taking the same terminations as the Verbs, either regular or irregular, of the conjugation to which they belong. When those Verbs are used either affirmatively, negatively, interro- . gatively, or interrogatively and negatively, the same rules must be observed as for the other Verbs, with respect to the place of Pronouns and Negations, as may be seen by the following examples. As their Compound Tenses are formed regularly by the addition of their Past Participle to the Simple Tenses of avoir or étre, according as either is required, no example of them has been deemed necessary. It must, however, be observed, that the Pronouns and Negations always affect the auxiliary in the Compound Tenses, the Participle coming the last: as-Il a tonné, it has thundered; il n'a pas tonné, it has not thundered; a-t-il tonné? has it thundered? n'a-t-il pas tonné? has it not thundered? and so on for all the other Tenses and Persons. It is also deemed necessary to remark, that some of the following Verbs are not given as examples of Unipersonal Verbs; but, being only used in their Third Persons, it was thought better to class them with the Unipersonals. UNIPERSONAL VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION. §. 1. Neiger, to snow. UNIPERSONAL VERB. Infinitive. Neiger, to snow; neigeant, snowing; neigé, snowed. Ind. Pret. Il neige, VOL. 1. Avoir neigé, ayant neigé. il ne neige pas; neige-t-il? ne neige-t-il pas ? ne neigeait-il pas? C C |