almost sure he could leap from here over the way.— Have patience, the operation will soon be over.-Why do you mourn so much over s'affliger finir the loss of a person who, during her life, never gave you (any thing but) uneasiness. If you had read the Bible over, you would have seen that du déplaisir joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth.-Although the physicians Quoique have given her over, I hope she will recover.-We médecin sub. prete. abandonner se rétablir have drawn upon you at three months sight, and we flatter ourselves tirer that you will de vue se flatter honour our demand.—I should have myself called faire honneur à upon you, had I not been obliged to leave Bath so suddenly. de quitter si 2 1 On my part, I shall do all (that is in my power) mon possible passer soudainement to induce her to pour engager come, being fully persuaded that you will be delighted to hear her enchanté de bien persuadé car réunir noblesse play on the harp, for she unites taste and elegance to nobleness of pincer expression. After (having) been two days on duty, I was sent upon avoir an embassy to the king of Spain; and (on such a solemn occasion,) roi Espagne dans une occasion si solennelle (will hear from me) the first recevrez de mes nouvelles I forgot all my past labours.-You street on the right, then the second on the left, and you will see the puis (opera-house) before you.-On the news of her arrival, we set out opéra nous qui allait partir (on horseback) for London, and met her going on foot to the fair. à cheval foire -Put your boots on and (we will take a ride out.)-Go on quickly, allons faire un tour à cheval vite (for fear I should trample upon your feet.)-The Prince will set off de crainte que je ne vous marche sur les pieds in two hours for Richmond. partir -How long will he be going there? Combien de tems à aller 1y One hour and a half, (at the most.)-I went there yesterday in one demi tout au plus y hour and twenty-five minutes. In autumn and winter I sleep in coucher en town in the absence of my friend, but in the spring and summer I reside in the country.-They drank a glass of wine in honour of the résider à On boire (Queen's birth-day,) but in the state (to which) I was reduced, jour de naissance de la reine où what could I say?-I (shall be very happy) to render you that que pouvoir me ferai un plaisir de service upon my return from the Continent.-Every one acts after his chacun agir retour suivant own way, and according to his wishes.My daughter likes to manière aimer à dress (after the French fashion,) and I (after the English style.)s'habiller à la Française à l'Anglaise Have you any stockings with three threads?-Don't you sell these mur grapes by the pound?—The walls of this ancient castle are built with château bâtir lime and cement.-I take you as a witness that we shall fight with se battre swords; that is not quite after my taste, but (I must submit épée tout à fait à il faut que je m'y to it.) soumette ARTICLE II. OF THE PLACE AND REPETITION OF PREPOSITIONS. §. 1. OF THE PLACE OF PREPOSITIONS. GENERAL RULE.- Prepositions are always placed in French before the words which they govern, and never after, as is frequently the case in English: as-Whom do you complain of? de qui vous plaignez-vous, and not qui vous plaignez-vous de? What are you speaking about? de quoi parlez-vous? and not quoi parlez-vous de, &c. as if it were in English: of whom do you complain? about what do you speak? §. 2. OF THE REPETITION OF PREPOSITIONS. GENERAL RULE.-The Prepositions à, de, en, are generally re VOL. I. G g peated in French before every Noun, Pronoun, or Verb in the Infinitive Mood, which they govern, whether they are repeated in English or not: as- -You will receive a letter either from him or from me, vous recevrez une lettre de lui ou de moi; he was indebted for his life to the clemency and generosity of the conqueror, il dut la vie à la clémence et à la magnanimité du vainqueur; the same prejudices are found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and even in America, on trouve les mêmes préjugés en Europe, en Asie, en Afrique, et jusqu'en Amérique. All other Prepositions, and particularly those which have two or several syllables, are repeated when the Substantives which they govern have different meanings, or when they stand in opposition to each other, but never, or at least very seldom, when they are nearly synonymous: as-Your book is in this room or in the other, votre livre est dans cette chambre ou dans l'autre ; in this example dans is repeated, because there is a marked opposition between the two rooms; but in this-Passer sa vie dans la mollesse et l'oisiveté, to pass one's life in effeminacy and idleness; dans is not repeated, because the Substantives mollesse and oisiveté are nearly synonymous. EXERCISE. 碗 Whom did you apply to, when you went to town to look for a s'adresser situation? To the person chercher I spoke to you about,* two or three dont il y a place years ago. Their house is situated in a delightful spot, which presents lieu at once, an idea of the sea, the town, and the country.That à la fois young lady is uncommonly clever; she teaches drawing, singing, demoiselle extraordinairement habile à dessiner and dancing. You will see the same thing in (every country;) in tous les pays en France, England, and Italy.—I left my gloves, yesterday morning, laisser gant on my bed or on yours.-They pass all their time in softness and lit mollesse sur tandis qu' en occupé à idleness in the country, whilst in town they are engaged with their oisiveté a French, Italian, and music. I travelled (a great deal) last year; voyager beaucoup année I went to Poland, Germany, Sweden, and Russia.-I think this Pologne Allemagne Suède Russie 3. year, I shall visit England, Scotland, and Ireland.-In our tour 2 aller en through Italy we went to Florence, Venice, and Rome, and returned to London by Geneva and Dover.-Are you not indebted for your Gênes redevable de la life to the great attention, and cares of every kind, which she took espèce of you during your illness in America?-Young men sacrificed pendant maladie en Jeunes gens pl. se sacrithemselves formerly for their country or their mistresses; at present fier maîtresse autrefois nothing (is done but) for fortune or pleasure. Our laws never loi se fait que condemn any body, without (having) heard him, and examined condamner personne sans avoir entendre his conduct. examiner -How could you, without fear and shame (hold conduite Comment pouvoir such language.) pudeur tenir de tels propos CHAPTER IX. OF CONJUNCTIONS AND INTERJECTIONS. ARTICLE I. OF CONJUNCTIONS. CONJUNCTIONS are used to unite and modify the different parts of speech. They may be divided into Simple and Compound. The Simple are those which are composed of a single word: as— Et, ou, mais, si, car, ni, aussi, or, donc, &c. The Compound, on the contrary, consist of several words: asA moins que, soit que, &c. OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONJUNCTIONS et, ni, que. §. 1. GENERAL RULE. 1. The Conjunction et is used to unite two or more words or propositions together, being either all in the affirmative, or one in the affirmative and the other in the negative: as-Virtue and science are estimable, la vertu et la science sont estimables.—It bends and does not break, il plie et ne romp pas. 2. When several words follow each other in a sentence, the Conjunction et is generally placed before the last in French, whether and is or is not used in English: as- -Wisdom, learning, and virtue are man's true wealth, l'esprit, la science, et la vertu sont les vrais biens de l'homme. 3. But if we wish to express any thing with considerable energy and strength, et must then be used before every word, even before the first, for the sake of greater emphasis: as On égorge à la fois, les enfans, les vieillards, Et la fille et la mère, Le fils dans les bras de son père. Whilst, on the contrary, if it be required to mark a rapid succession, et must be quite left out: as-Je la vis; je rougis, je pális tour-à-tour, I saw her, and blushed, and turned pale by turns. 4. To speak and write with elegance and taste, et must only be used to unite words of the same kind, namely, Substantives with Substantives, Adjectives with Adjectives, Verbs with Verbs, Adverbs with Adverbs, as in these sentences:-Good and bad are often united, le bien et le mal sont souvent unis; a prudent and wise king, un roi sage et prudent; she likes singing and dancing, elle aime à chanter et à danser; for which reason et is incorrect in the following sentences uniting Adjectives and Substantives, Verbs and Adjectives together: as-Lewis the IXth was pious, and the father of his people, Louis neuf était pieux et le père de son peuple; that young lady is handsome, and does not get married, cette demoiselle est belle et ne se marie pas. §. 2. Ni, nor, neither. GENERAL RULE.-This Conjunction is used to unite propositions in the negative, and differs from et in this respect, that it must always be repeated before every word which it modifies, whether nor and neither are repeated in English or not: as-Religion is neither terrible, austere, nor cruel, la religion n'est ni affreuse, ni farouche, ni cruelle. §. 3. GENERAL RULE.-The Conjunction que is used in French between two Verbs for the Conjunction that, either expressed or understood, in English: as-I know she will come, je sais qu'elle viendra. It is likewise used for a great many other Conjunctions, and particularly for the following: si, if; quoique, though, although; à fin que, pourque, in order that; quand, lorsque, when; comme, as; puisque, since; à moins que, unless; avant que, before; cependant, yet; de peur que, |