through the cooperation of various agencies, spent five months in botanical collecting in El Salvador and Guatemala, bringing back over 6,000 specimens. Another botanical expedition, consisting of Dr. F. W. Pennell and Mr. E. P. Killip, was in western Colombia at the close of the year under the auspices of various scientific organizations. The purpose of the exploration was to study the flora and secure botanical specimens in this region, as one of a series leading up to a complete study of the flora of northern South America.

The auditorium and adjacent rooms of the Museum were used by numerous societies and organizations for meetings, congresses, and lectures. The Museum published during the year 9 volumes and 78 separate papers. These are described somewhat in detail in the Report on publications," Appendix 10 of this report. The number of visitors to the National History Building during the year was 441,604; to the Arts and Industries Building, 262,151; and to the Aircraft Building, 46,380.

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NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART.

Although the number of art works accessioned by the National Gallery during the year falls short of the average of recent years. nevertheless progress in the gallery's activities has been satisfactory. The greatest handicap to its work continues to be lack of exhibition space. It is believed that the falling off in number of accessions noted above is in part due to this shortage of space, as owners of valuable art works very naturally desire to see them adequately housed and exhibited. The urgent need of a suitable gallery for the national collections, already valued in the millions, will be readily understood when it is considered that until the past year the accessions to the collections were estimated at hundreds of thousands annually. If accessions are turned elsewhere on account of the lack of space to exhibit them, it is evident that in a few years the loss will amount to more than the cost of a building.

Among the accessions received during the year was a portrait of President Grant, by Thomas Le Clear, presented by Mrs. U. S. Grant, jr.; an oil painting entitled "The Signing of the Treaty of Ghent," by Sir A. Forestier, presented to the Smithsonian Institution by the Sulgrave Institution; a painting entitled "Tohickon," by Daniel Garber, provided through the Henry Ward Ranger bequest; and a portrait of Edwin H. Harriman, an artist's proof etching, one of 21 from the copper. A number of interesting art works were loaned to the gallery during the year, among them being 71 portraits in pastel, in a series of 22 life-size groups of Union and Confederate veterans of the Civil War, painted from life by Walter Beck, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 50 years after the Battle of Appomattox,

loaned by the artist through Mr. Walter M. Grant, of New York City.

Preliminary steps had been taken at the end of the year toward the acceptance of a rich collection of British masterpieces brought together by the late John H. McFadden, of Philadelphia. The collection comprises 44 notable examples of the work of nineteen British artists, and the acceptance of this valuable loan is regarded with much favor.

A number of paintings were acquired from the income of the Henry Ward Ranger bequest and assigned to various art institutions throughout the country. The terms of this bequest stipulate that any of the art works so acquired may be claimed during a certain period after the artist's death by the National Gallery of Art, remaining thereafter the property of the National Gallery. The selection and distribution of these purchases is entrusted to the National Academy of Design.

The income from the Bruce Hughes bequest is to be used to establish and maintain a section of the library of the National Gallery for reference works of art, to be known as the Hughes alcove. During the year the first purchases were made from this fund. An illustrated catalogue of the art works of the gallery was prepared and submitted to the printer during the year, but on June 30, 1922, had not been published. A lecture on the National Gallery, illustrated by 75 slides mostly in color, was prepared, and is to be placed at the disposal of persons throughout the country who desire to present it.

The first annual meeting of the National Gallery of Art Commission was held on December 6, 1921. Reports of the committees were presented and many important matters relating to the gallery were discussed, among them the urgent need of a National Gallery Building and the problem of the acceptance of proffered works of art.

FREER GALLERY OF ART.

Work during the year on the collections of the Freer Gallery of Art included chiefly the classification and cataloguing of Chinese, Japanese, and Tibetan paintings, Chinese tapestries, and Chinese and Japanese pottery; the preliminary classification of Korean pottery and Chinese and Japanese stone sculptures and jades; and the cataloguing of American paintings, drawings, and prints.

Progress has been made also on completing certain portions of the interior of the building and on the installation of the collections. Miss Grace Dunham Guest was appointed assistant curator on January 1, 1922, and Mr. Carl W. Bishop associate curator, April 9, 1922. Miss Guest sailed for Europe on June 24, 1922, to represent the Freer Gallery at the double centennial meeting of the Société Asia

tique de Paris, and to study European collections of oriental art, especially ceramics.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.

The material culture and ceremonials of the American Indian are being modified so rapidly through contact with the white race that it is imperative for the bureau to make every effort to record all possible data bearing on the aboriginal Indian culture. The desirability of preserving this material so that accurate knowledge of this interesting and vanishing race may be available for future generations is evident. Another important line of endeavor is the excavating and repairing of prehistoric Indian dwellings. These ancient ruins are the object of great popular as well as scientific interest, and it is the aim of the chief of the bureau to continue this archeological phase of the work in so far as funds will permit. A new line of investigation has opened up for the bureau during the year, namely, the study of the material culture, and especially the architecture of the houses, of the aborigines of Alaska. The early villages of the Alaskan Indians have in many cases been deserted in the exodus to the canning factories, and the totem poles and villages which are rapidly being destroyed by the elements should be preserved in the immediate future so that they will not be lost forever. During the spring of 1922, Dr. T. T. Waterman conducted for the bureau an extended reconnaissance of the situation, bringing back many interesting data and photographs. It is intended to continue the work next year with a larger appropriation. The work in the field and in the office of the individual members of the staff is reviewed somewhat in detail in Appendix 4 of this report, so that it will be necessary here only to give an idea of the scope of the work. The chief continued his successful archeological field work on the Mesa Verde National Park, Colo., bringing to light a most interesting and instructive ruin which he has named "Pipe Shrine House on account of the numerous tobacco pipes found on a shrine in the kiva of this ruin. He also excavated and repaired Far View Tower, a round structure 10 feet high, which was probably used for observations of the position of the sun on the horizon at sunrise and sunset, in order to determine the time for planting and other dates important for an agricultural people.

The chief also visited the three groups of towers in Utah which he has recommended for the Hovenweep National Monument, and determined the exact situation of these ruins as a preliminary to a presidential proclamation setting aside this area as a national monument.

Dr. John R. Swanton continued work on his dictionaries of the Hitchiti and Alabama languages. Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt devoted his time to a number of Chippewa and Ottawa texts, and in continuing the preparation of the second part of his work on Iroquoian Cosmology, the first part of which has already been published by the bureau. Mr. Francis La Flesche completed and turned in during the year the manuscript of the second volume of his publication on The Osage Tribe. Dr. Truman Michelson carried on field work among the Fox Indians of Iowa, paying special attention to the linguistic relations of this and neighboring tribes. Mr. J. P. Harrington completed his bulletin on the Kiowa language and conducted field work among the Indians of the Chumashan area of California, laying special emphasis on the place names, material culture, and language.

Under the head of special researches, the chief of the bureau describes the work of Miss Frances Densmore on Indian music. During the year she recorded songs among the Yuma, Cocopa, and Yaqui tribes, making a total of nine tribes among whom this work has been done. Mr. W. E. Myer investigated Indian sites in South Dakota and western Missouri known to have been occupied by the Omahas and Osages in early historic times after they had come in contact with the whites but before they had been changed thereby to any considerable extent.

Several other interesting special researches are reviewed in the appendix on the bureau, among them field work by Mr. D. I. Bushnell, Jr., on the Cahokia mounds in Illinois; by Mr. B. S. Guha, among the Utes and the Navaho at Towoac, Colo., and Shiprock, N. Mex.; and by Mr. John L. Baer on pictographic rocks in the Susquehanna River.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES.

During the year the number of packages of scientific and governmental publications sent abroad and received from foreign countries totaled 592,600 pounds. Although these figures show a decrease from the previous year, on account of the fact that shipments to Germany were resumed during that year and most of the material accumulated during the war was sent out, nevertheless there is an increase of 41,490 packages over the number sent out in 1914, the last year before the World War, showing that there is a steady growth in the work of the International Exchange service.

Exchange relations were reopened during the year with Rumania and Yugoslavia, the agencies in these countries being, respectively, the Institutul Meteorological Central at Bukharest, and the Académie Royale Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Belgrade.

Relations were established also with the newly formed Governments of Esthonia, Far Eastern Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukrainia. Conditions in Russia and Turkey are not yet sufficiently settled to warrant the exchange of publications previously carried on between the United States and these countries.

The number of boxes shipped abroad during the year was larger than ever before, due largely to the opening of exchange relations with Yugoslovia and certain of the independent Russian States, the material for these countries having accumulated here for several years.

The regular schedule of shipments to foreign countries was resumed during the year. To Great Britain and Germany, shipments are made weekly; to France and Italy, semimonthly; and to other countries, monthly.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

The past year has been one of the most successful since the establishment of the park. The number of visitors exceeded 2,000,000; the collection of animals is larger and more important than ever before; a number of minor improvements have been completed and progress made on certain larger projects; and the reservation itself has been maintained in excellent condition. That the popularity of the park as a source of recreation and instruction continues unabated is shown by the fact that for the third consecutive year the attendance has exceeded 2,000,000, and its increasing value as a supplement to school-room instruction in natural history is demonstrated by the 205 schools and classes visiting the park during the year, with a total of 13,585 individuals.

The total number of animals on exhibition at the close of the year was 1,681, representing 482 species of mammals, birds, and reptiles. This is not only a larger number of individual animals than ever shown before, but also a larger number of different species. Among the 656 accessions received during the year, 217 were gifts. Among these may be mentioned two important collections from South America, one made by Dr. William M. Mann on the Mulford Biological Explorations of the Amazon Basin and presented by the H. K. Mulford Co. of Philadelphia, the other made by Mr. W. J. La Varre, jr., and presented by him. These two collections contain several species of South American monkeys and birds never before shown at the park. One hundred and fifty mammals, birds, and reptiles were born in the park during the year.

Under the heading of improvements the report of the superintendent mentions a large project of grading, leveling, and filling in

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