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tainly of great utility to the cultivator, as it brings together at one view all the plants that are nearest related. At each genus we also see the Linnæan classical order to which it belongs, and the systematic and English name to each species, when first caltivated in this country, where native, time of flowering, and reference to a figure, and the information altogether is certainly all that can be required. The numerous synonymy throughout the work renders it particularly useful.

36. Mr. JACKSON'S State of the Jews, is a liberal appeal on behalf of many unjustly suffering men. We certainly think it leze humanité, that it should be written on the

LITERARY AND

turnpike gates in Germany, "Jews and Pigs pay toll here," (see p. 7.) but if Jews insult Jesus Christ, it is not singular, that Christians should retort the contumely. Civil oppression, however, certainly makes liberal rogues and bad subjects; and every protection, consistent with publick safety and morals, is politick with regard to all classes of a state, or they take no interest in its well-being.

87. The Country Vicar; the Bride of Thrybergh, and other Poems, is a meritorious book. The Doctor-Syntaxian mode of describing the Vicar and his various Curates, is the best part, and has many happy passages.

88. The Odd Moments, or Time beguiled, contains very pleasing instructive tales.

SCIENTIFIC

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The Sovereignty of the Great Seal maintained against the One Hundred and Eightyeight Propositions of the Chancery Commissioners; in a Letter to the Right Hon. the Lord High Chancellor. By FRANCISPAUL STRATFORD, Esq. Senior Master in Ordinary of the Court of Chancery.

Flagellum Parliamentarium; being Sarcastic Notices of nearly 200 Members of the first Parliament after the Restoration, A. D. 1661 to 1678. From a contemporary MS. in the British Museum. This little Work presents an extraordinary specimen of that party spirit for which the reign of Charles the Second was so distinguished.

The Pocket Encyclopædia of Natural Phenomena, for the Use of Mariners, Shepherds, Gardeners, Husbandmen, and others; being a Compendium of Prognostications of the Weather, Signs of the Seasons, Periods of Plauts, and other Phenomena in Natural

INTELLIGENCE.

History and Philosophy. Compiled_principally from the MSS. of the late T. F. Forster, esq. F. L. S. By T. FORSTER, M. B. F. L. S. M. A. S. and M. M. S. and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia.

A Treatise on the Natural History, Physiology, and Management of the Honey Bee. By Dr. BEVAN.

Heraldic Notices of Canterbury Cathedral, with Genealogical and Topographical Notes: to which is added, a Chronological List of the Archbishops of Canterbury, with the blazon of their respective Arms. By TнOMAS WILLEMENT, author of Regal Heraldry.

A Historical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Account of Kirkstall Abbey, illustrated with highly finished Engravings in the Line Manner. By JOHN COUSEN, pupil of the late John Scott, esq. from drawings by Wm. Mulready, esq. R.A. and Chas. Čope.

No. XVIII. of Illustrations of the Public Buildings of London," containing historical and descriptive Accounts of Carlton Palace, the Church of St. Luke at Chelsea, &c.; also remarks on Modern Gothic Architecture, &c.

BRITTON'S Cathedral Antiquities, Nos. 38 and 39; the first being the concluding part of Exeter Cathedral, and the other commencing the illustrations of Peterborough.

No. III. of Specimens of the Architectural Autiquities of Normandy. By Mr. PUGIN and J. and H. LE KEUX. Containing 20 Engravings, illustrative chiefly of the ancient buildings of Caen. The editor, Mr. Britton, announces in the present Number, that the whole of the Letter-press will be given to the Subscribers with the next Number, which finishes the work, in order to obviate the severe tax on Literature, of presenting eleven copies of the work to so many public and private Libraries.

Mr. GEORGE COOKE has published three

Numbers of a new Work, consisting of Views only, illustrative of London and its Vicinity. The Views appear to be beautifully executed; and in many of them the figures and effect are added from the pencil of A. W. Callcott, R. A. The work, it is expected, will extend to four volumes.

A Biographical Work, entitled "The Modern Jesuits." Translated from the French of L'Abbé Martial Marcet de La Roche Arnauld. By EMILE LEPAGE, Professor of the French Language, Fulham.

Nuga Canora; or Epitaphian Mementoes (in stone-cutters' verse) of the Medici Family, of modern times. By Unus Quorum. A New Edition of the Rev. GREVILLE EWING's Scripture Lexicon, very considerably enlarged, and adapted to the general reading of the Greek Classics.

on

Catholic Emancipation considered Protestant Principles. In a Letter to the Earl of Liverpool. By an Irish Member of

Parliament.

A Letter to Viscount Milton, M. P. By one of his Constituents.

Historical References, &c. By HENRY HOWARD, of Corby Castle esq.

Views on the Subject of Corn and Currency. By THOMAS JOPLIN, esq.

A Reply to Dr. Lingard's Vindication. By JOHN ALLEN, esq.

PROFESSOR LEE'S Lectures on the Hebrew Language.

A Work on Paper Money, Banking, and Overtrading. By Sir HENRY PARNELL, bart. The True Theory of Rent, in Opposition to Mr. Ricardo and others. By a Member of the University of Cambridge.

Selections from the Works of Bishop Hopkins. By the Rev. Dr. WILSON. Idolatry, a Poem. By the Rev. WILLIAM SWAN, Missionary.

A New Comedy. By the Author "Athens."

of

Preparing for Publication. Illustrated by upwards of 100 wood-cuts of Arms, The Siege of Carlaverock: a French Poem, containing an account of the Siege and Capture of Carlaverock Castle, in Scotland, by King Edward the First, in June 1301, with a description of the Arms and merits of each Knight in the English Army who was present on the occasion, written soon after that event. With a Translation; an Historical and Topographical Account of the Castle; and Memoirs of all the Individuals who are mentioned. By NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS, esq. Barristerat-Law; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. This interesting Poem merits much more attention than it has hitherto received; for the Historical and Heraldic information which it contains is not only important in relation to the event and the individuals commemorated, but is peculiarly deserv

ing of notice from its presenting the earliest blazon of Armorial bearings which is extant; and thus proving that Heraldry was reduced to a science at so remote a period as the close of the Thirteenth Century.

A History of Bedfordshire is proposed to be published by subscription, to illustrate which, no proper expense will be spared in the Engraving department. Great part of the work will be derived from materials which have been for a very long period of years in preparation, con amore. Much attention has been paid to Mineralogy and Botany; and a Biographical sketch has been drawn up of every individual of note, who has been in any way connected with the County; including a notice of the Archdeacons of Bedford, and one of living Authors.

Materials towards a well-digested History of Bristol; comprising an Essay on the Topographical Etymologies of that City and Neighbourhood; and a Critical Examination of the Rev. Samuel Seyer's " Memoirs of Bristol." By JOHN EVANS, Author of "A Chronological Outline of the History of Bristol, &c."

A Translation of Niebuhr's Roman History, undertaken in concert with the Author. By the Rev. JULIUS HARE, and C. THIRLWALL, esq. Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge.

A new edition of Sir John Wynne's celebrated History of the Gwydir Family, edited in 1770, by Daines Barrington, esq. With additional Notes and Illustrations. By a Native of the Principality. To which will be annexed, an original work, containing Memoirs of celebrated and distinguished contemporary Welshmen, Bishops, &c.

Memoirs of the Rival Houses of York and Lancaster, historical and biographical. By EMMA ROBERTS.

A Series of Tales, entitled Tales of Welsh Society and Scenery; comprising descriptions of several characteristic customs, with delineations of the scenery and manners of the natives, in the upland and more secluded districts of the Principality.

A new Poem from the pen of BERNARD BARTON, entitled "The Widow's Tale," founded on the melancholy loss of the Five Wesleyan Missionaries in the Mail Boat off the Island of Antigua.

Travels from India to England, by way of the Burman Empire, Persia, Asia Minor, Turkey, &c. in the years 1825-6. By J. E. ALEXANDER, esq. H. P.

The Autobiography of Thomas Dibdin, of the Theatres Royal Drury-lane, Coventgarden, Haymarket, &c. and Author of the "Cabinet," the "Jew and the Doctor," &c.

Recollections of an Officer of the King's German Legion; being an account of his Campaigns and Services in the Peninsula, Sicily, Italy, and Malta, England, Ireland, and Denmark. In 2 vols.

Six Discourses delivered before the Royal Society at their Anniversary Meetings, on the award of the Royal and Copley Medals ; preceded by an Address to the Society, delivered in 1800, on the Progress and Prospects of Science. By Sir HUMPHREY Davy, Bart.

Transactions of the Perth Literary and Antiquarian Society; including some very curious and original MSS., among those are an Historical Chronicle from the year 1560; and Scotland's Teares, By W. Lithgow, the Traveller.

The Institutions of Physiology. By J. F. BLUMENBACH, M. D. Professor of Medicine in the University of Gottingen. Translated from the last Latin Edition. With copious notes, by John Elliotson, M. D.

The History of the Rise and Progress of the United States of North America till the British Revolution in 1688. By JAMES GRAHAME, esq.

The Rev. Archdeacon WRANGHAM's Antiquarian Trio; consisting of Views and Descriptions of the Duke of Buckingham's House, Kirkby; Rudston Church and Obelisk; Effigy at Scarborough; to which will be added the Poet's Favourite Tree.

Travels of the Russian Mission through Mongolia to China, and Residence in Pekin, in the Years 1820-21. By GEORGE TIMKOWSKI, with Corrections and Notes, by M. J. Klaproth.

A Winter's Journey through Lapland and Sweden. By Mr. ARTHUR CAPELL BROOK.

Sir Thomas More; a series of Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society. By ROBERT SOUTHEY.

The present State of the Island of Sardinia, with Plates. By Captain WILLIAM HENRY SMYTH, R. N.

A New Edition of Fox's Book of Mar

tyrs, illustrated by copious Notes and splendid Illuminations. Edited by Dr. DIBDIN.

The manuscript Life of Mr. Fox, written by the late MALCOLM LANG, esq. in the possession of Lord Holland; to be edited and enlarged by a distinguished literary and political Friend.

No. III. of ROBSON's Picturesque Views

of all the English Cities.

The Union of Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, exemplified in a series of illustrations of, and descriptive dissertations on, the House and Museum of J. Soane,

esq.

in Lincoln's-inn Fields. By J. BRITTON. A Course of Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity, delivered by the Rev. W. Orme, Dr. Collyer, Rev. H. F. Burder, Stratten, Walford, Dr. J. Pye Smith, Rev. A. Reed, Curwen, Philip, Dr. Winter, Rev. J. Morrison, and the Rev. Joseph Fletcher. The Birthday Present. By Mrs. SHER

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sophy and Science. By the Rev. T. Mo

RELL.

A Table of the Logarithms of natural Numbers to Seven Figures. By Mr. BAB

BAGE.

Flora Australasia. By Mr. SWEET, the Botanist.

The Pocket Road Book of Ireland, on the Plan of Reichard's Itineraries, intended to form a Companion to Leigh's New Pocket Road Book of England and Wales.

Adventures of British Seamen in the Southern Ocean. By HUGH MURRAY, esq. F.R.S.E.

Memoirs of the Marchioness of Larochejaquelein, the War in La Vendee, &c. From the French. With Preface and Notes By Sir WALTER SCOTT.

Converts from Infidelity; or Lives of Eminent Individuals who have renounced Sceptical and Infidel Opinions, and embraced Christianity. By ANDREW CRICHTON.

Birman Empire.-An Account of the Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava, in the year 1795. By MICHAEL SYMES, esq. Major in his Majesty's 76th Regiment.-Narrative of the late Military and Political Operations in the Burmese Territory.

ROMAN LAW.

The Institutes of Gaius, recently discovered in Italy by the learned men of Ger

many,

the Roman law, which at Rome the Profesis precisely the elementary book of sors (antecessores) used to put into the hands of youth; and indeed it was from the Institutes of Gaius, that Justinian derived the greater part of those which bear his name. They were little known to the moderns, except by scattered fragments in the Digest, and by what the Breviarium Alari

cianum contained of them; when in the year 1816, M. Niebuhr deciphered, from a palimpsest in the library of the Chapter of Verona, the early pages of the book, which was ultimately entirely restored by the labours of Messrs. Goeschen, Bekker, and Holweg.

Immediately after the publication of this discovery, this new classic (which exhibited the elements of a legislation three centuries prior to that of Justinian, and of which the

various branches ceased to be in harmony when that Emperor introduced into it a heap of innovations, some of which were inconsistent with its ancient principles,) was adopted in teaching the Roman law. The

difficulties of the text to the students are, however, considerable. M. Boulet, a Parisian advocate, has published a translation of the work into French, with explanatory notes, and conjectural fillings up of several little gaps which still exist in the original.

VALUABLE ORIENTAL MANUSCRIPTS. The publication of three manuscripts of great antiquity and undoubted authenticity

will very shortly take place, calculated to Communicate the most useful light upon the earliest epochs of history, as well of continental India, as of Ceylon, the principal site of the religiou of Budhoo, his birth place and abode. These interesting documents are, 1st. the Mahá-vansí, or the doctrine, race, and lineage of Budhoo: it stands at the head of the Budhist books of authority, and exhibits a detailed account of the incarnation, birth, and actions of Budhoo Guatama, together with the history and particulars of the introduction and spread of his doctrine, his successors, the dates of the principal events, and various data involving very important subjects of consideration for scientific Europe. The Rájá-valí, the series of Kings; and the Rájá-ratnácari, the Jewel Mine or Ocean of Kings, are more historical than the Mahá-vansí, and will certainly help to fix the date of events 15 or 16 centuries back.

The circumstances under which the foregoing three manuscripts were acquired, are such as to furnish the strongest evidence of their authenticity; although the value of these books have been long known to the Orientalist, yet hitherto they have been buried in the Véharis attached to Budhoo's temples, or hidden under the almost unknown characters in which they were written; yet they are confessedly calculated to bring before us sundry most essential dates, which, collated with the Hindù histories, may fix with a good degree of certainty the chronology of events, treated, for want of such testimony, as mere fables.

Sir A. Johnston, Chief Justice of Ceylon, has the credit of procuring these valuable MSS. from the Buddhist priests; and they are to be published by subscription.

ST. JOHN'S, WESTMINSTER. Simon Stephenson, esq. Vestry Clerk of the united parishes of St. Margaret's and St. John's, Westminster, has presented to the Parish Church of St. John, an excellent copy, by a young Oxford artist, of the beautiful Altar-piece, by Murillo, at Magdalen College, Oxford. The subject is our Saviour bearing the Cross, and is better known to the public by a good engraving by J. K. Sherwin.

VALUABLE MARBLES.

Dr. Buckland, the Reader in Mineralogy and Geology at Oxford, has recently received a letter from Rome, announcing that the writer, Stephen Jarrett, esq. of Magdalen College, has purchased a very valuable collection of marbles, &c. in that city, for the purpose of presenting them to the University of Oxford. This collection has been formed by an Advocate of Rome, Signor Corsi, during a residence there of many years, and consists of 1000 polished pieces, all exactly of the same size, of every variety

of granite, sienite, porphyry, serpentine, and jasper marble, alabaster, &c. that is known to exist. The size of each piece being that of a small octavo volume, is sufficient to show the effect en masse of each substance it contains a descriptive catalogue of the collection has been published at Rome.

SOFTENING CAST IRON..

A way has lately been discovered of rendering cast iron soft and malleable; it consists in placing it in a pot surrounded by a soft red ore found in Cumberland and other parts of England, which pot is placed-in a common oven, the doors of which being closed, aud but a slight draught of air permitted under the grate, a regular heat is kept up for one or two weeks, according to the thickness and weight of the castings. The pots are then withdrawn and suffered to cool, and by this operation the hardest cast metal is rendered so soft and malleable that it may be welded together, or, when in a cool state, bent into almost any shape by a hammer or vice,

POLAR EXPEDition.

It has been resolved by the Admiralty that another Expedition to the North Pole shall be undertaken; and in consequence the Hecla has been undergoing repairs for the last four months in the Dock-yard at Deptford, preparatory to setting out a third time, under the command of Captain Parry. The vessel is to proceed to Cloven Cliff, in Spitzbergen, latitude 79. 50, about 600 miles from the North Pole, which place, it is expected, she will reach about the commencement of June. Here the Hecla is to remain, and be established as a sort of headquarters, to which recourse is to be had when necessary, and parties are to be detached to explore the surrounding coasts and seas, while the main object of the Expedition, an approach to the North Pole, is attempted by Captain Parry's party. The Captain is to depart with two vessels, which are so constructed as to be capable of being used either as boats, or sledges to run upon the ice, according to circumstances. Two officers and ten men are to be appointed to each, and for this number provisions for three months are to be laid in each. Thus, should they be able to travel on an average fourteen miles per day, and meet with no obstacles, they will be able to reach the long-wished for Pole, and return to the Hecla after the accomplishment of their object. Capt. Franklin, last year, offered himself to undertake a journey on the ice from Spitzbergen to the Pole. The first who set a bold example in this mode of travelling was Baron Wrangell. He had only sledges with which to accomplish his journey on the ice, and his only subsistence while travelling was dried fish, on which he lived forty day whiel going on the ice,

until he was stopped by the water, and exposed to dangers for which he was totally unprovided. The Baron passed nearly four years on the ice in this climate.

ORGANIC REMAINS.

Jan. 31. The head, horns, vertebræ of the neck, and some rib bones, of a large animal of the deer kind, which may now be regarded as an extinct species, were discovered in the cliff at Skipsea, and have subsequently been exhibited in Bridlington, by James Boswell, the person who found them. They were partly imbedded in saponaceous clay, overlaid with vegetable matter, about five feet in thickness, and in different stages of decomposition (about two and a half feet being a sort of moor soil, and the remaining two and a half feet being composed of half-decayed leaves, twigs, &c.) above this, to the surface, about one foot of common earth. The head, with the upper jaw, containing a row of fine teeth on each side, is entire; the under jaw wanting. The horns which are broken toward the top, are large and branching, their dimensions being nearly as follows:

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The brow-antlers, as well as the main horns, are palmated, and slightly divided at the ends, and the whole may justly he considered as a rare and interesting specimen of organic remains.

An object which has excited considerable curiosity, has lately been discovered in the vicinity of Westbury. As the workmen of Mr. Jesse Greenland, brickmaker, were digging for clay, they came, when about five feet below the surface, to a hard massive substance, which proved to be a piece of an oak tree, in an upright position, closely imbedded in the surrounding clay. The clay was carefully separated till they reached its base, which was six feet lower in the ground. The wood is perfectly black, and solid in the middle, measuring six feet in length, and upwards of three feet in circumference.

ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. Feb. 1. Hudson Gurney, esq. V. P. in the Chair:

Mr. Ellis, in a Letter to the President, communicated a transcript of a letter in the Harleian Collection, addressed by Mr. Greenhowe to a minister named Crompton, giving some curious information respecting the Jews in England in 1662. The time at which the Jews were recalled into this country, as a people, Mr. Ellis observed, had been a subject of doubt and controversy; Burnet stating them to have been recalled by Oliver Cromwell, whilst this is denied by Tovey, who, in his Anglia Judaica, affirms, that in the year 1663 there were not twelve Jews resident in London. The Letter now communicated, however, proves that the Jews existed as a people in London in 1662, having a Synagogue, celebrating therein their own worship, assisting at which the writer saw above a hundred Jews, besides women, many richly apparelled, and some wearing jewels; all of them seeming to be merchants and traders, without one mechanic person among them. These Jews, it also appeared from the same document, had only a few years before celebrated the fast of Tabernacles in booths on the south side of the Thames; but kept

themselves out of observation as much as possible, upon the Restoration of Charles II. as the laws against them had never been formally repealed.

Mr. Ellis gave two extracts from the Journals of the House of Commons, shewing that the Jews had returned to England as a people, before the Restoration; and cites a petition to Parliament, from a goldsmith named Violet, which fixes the year 1656 as the date of their recal. About this time they had undergone great persecutions in Poland, from which country they had at length been expelled; and Cromwell, having thoughts of recalling them into England, sent for the principal Lawyers the chief Citizens of London, and twelve Ministers of various denominations of London to advise him upon the point. The Lawyers were favourable to the recal of the Jews, and the Citizens were indifferent; but the Preachers, among whom was the celebrated Hugh Peters, differed greatly in their opinions, assailing each other with texts of Scripture, until they tired out the Protector, who said he had sent for them for his conscience' sake, but that instead of resolving his doubts as to the lawfulness of recalling the Jews, they had only increased them by their contention; and he would therefore desire nothing of them but their prayers that he and his

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