UNITED STATES.

The Public Deposites. On the 18th of September, the President read to the Cabinet a statement of his views respecting the management of the Bank of the United States, embracing his reasons for removing the public funds from that institution and placing them in the local banks of the several states. In this exposition the President thus alludes to the power of the Secretary of the Treasury :

'The existing laws declare, that "the deposites of the money of the United States, in places in which the said Bank and branches thereof may be established, shall be made in said Bank or branches thereof, unless the Secretary of the Treasury shall at any time otherwise order and direct, in which case the Secretary of the Treasury shall immediately lay before Congress, if in session, and if not, immediately after the commencement of the next session, the reason of such order or direction."

'The power of the Secretary of the Treasury over the deposites, is unqualified. The provision that he shall report his reasons to Congress, is no limitation. Had it not been inserted, he would have been responsible to Congress, had he made a removal for any other than good reasons, and his responsibility now ceases, upon the condition of sufficient ones to Congress. The only object of the provision, is to make his reasons accessible to Congress, and enable that body the more readily to judge of their soundness and purity, and thereupon to make such farther provision by law as the legislative power may think proper in relation to the deposite of the public money. Those reasons may be very diversified.

It

was asserted by the Secretary of the Treasury, without contradiction, as early as 1817, that he had power "to control the proceedings" of the Bank of the United States at any moment, "by changing the deposites to the state Banks," should it pursue an illiberal course toward those institutions; that "the Secretary of the Treasury will always be disposed to support the credit of the state Banks, and will invariably direct transfers from the deposites of the

public money, in aid of their legitimate exertions to maintain their credit;" and he asserted a right to employ the state Banks, when the Bank of the United States should refuse to receive, on deposite, the notes of such state Banks as the public interest required, should be received in payment of the public dues. In several instances he did transfer the public deposites to state Banks, in the immediate vicinity of branches, for reasons connected only with the safety of those Banks, the public convenience and the interests of the Treasury.'

Having stated at considerable length what he considers as improper management in the affairs of the Bank, and especially certain transactions with the government, the President concludes as follows:

'In conclusion, the President must be permitted to remark that he looks upon the pending question as of higher consideration than the mere transfer of a sum of money from one bank to another. Its decision may affect the character of our Government for ages to come. Should the Bank be suffered longer to use the public moneys, in the accomplishment of its purposes, with the proofs of its faithlessness and corruption before our eyes, the patriotic among our citizens will despair of success in struggling against its power; and we shall be responsible for entailing it upon our country forever. Viewing it as a question of transcendent importance, both in the principles and consequences it involves, the President could not, in justice to the responsibility which he owes to the country, refrain from pressing upon the Secretary of the Treasury his view of the considerations which impel to immediate action. Upon him has been devolved, by the Constitution and the suffrages of the American people, the duty of superintending the operation of the Executive Departments of the Government, and seeing that the laws are faithfully executed.

In the performance of this high trust, it is his undoubted right to express to those whom the laws and his own choice have made his associates in the administration of the government, his

opinion of their duties under circumstances as they arise. It is this right which he now exercises. Far be it from him to expect or require, that any member of the Cabinet should, at his request, order, or dictation, do any act which he believes unlawful, or in his conscience condemns. From them, and from his fellow-citizens in general, he desires only that aid and support which their reason approves and their con

science sanctions.

In the remarks he has made, on this all important question, he trusts the Secretary of the Treasury will see only the frank and respectful declarations of the opinions which the President has formed on a measure of great national interest, deeply affecting the character and usefulness of his administration; and not a spirit of dictation, which the President would be as careful to avoid, as ready to resist. Happy will he be, if the facts now disclosed produce uniformity of opinion and unity of action, among the members of the administration.

The President again repeats that he begs his Cabinet to consider the proposed measure as his own, in the support of which he shall require no one of them to make a sacrifice of opinion or principle. Its responsibility has been assumed, after the most mature deliberation and reflection, as necessary to preserve the morals of the people, the freedom of the press, and the purity of the elective franchise, without which all will unite in saying that the blood and treasure expended by our forefathers in the establishment of our happy system of government will have been vain and fruitless. Under these convictions, he feels that a measure so important to the American people cannot be commenced too soon; and he therefore names the first day of October next, as a period proper for the change of the deposites, or sooner, provided the necessary arrangements with the state Banks can be inade.'

Change in the Cabinet. Mr. Duane, the Secretary of the Treasury, having declined signing the order for removing the public deposites from the Bank of the United States, agreeably to the wishes of the President, on the 23d of September the President removed him from office, and appointed Mr. Taney, then attorney-general, to succeed him.

NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

Education. In a discourse recently delivered by Mr. Bouton, before the New-Hampshire Historical Society, it is

stated that the annual tax raised by law in that state for the support of schools is $90,000. This gives $455 to each town, or about $1 to every individual of suitable age to attend school, and is more than is raised by the famous Connecticut fund, which last year produced but $76,933. Besides this, there is a school fund in land, or the proceeds of land, belonging to most of the towns; and also a general "Literary Fund," raised from the banks, which, since 1829, has amounted to $95,582, and will average hereafter at least $10,000 a year. There are thirty-eight Academies, of which two have a fund of over $40,000, and which have an aggregate of one thousand five hundred students. Exeter alone, has instructed this number within forty years. Dartmouth College has educated about one thousand seven hundred young men.

VERMONT.

The Legislature met at Montpelier on the second Thursday in October. Governor Palmer was found to be re-elected. The House of Representatives elected John Smith, of St. Albans, Speaker, on the thirteenth ballot. Oramel H. Smith was elected Engrossing Clerk.

Freemasonry. The Grand Lodge of the state of Vermont met at Montpelier, on the second Tuesday of October, A. D. 1833, being its regular Annual session. During the session, several Resolutions were presented for its consideration, all preparatory to a dissolution of the Grand and Subordinate Lodges. The following is understood to have been adopted :-" Resolved, That the Grand Lodge is now ready to receive and revoke the charters of such secular lodges under its jurisdiction as are desirous of surrendering them at the present time, and that the representatives of secular lodges, who are authorized to make such surrender, are now requested to deposit their said charters with the Grand Secretary, and that each and every secular lodge be and is hereby authorized to surrender and deliver its charter and. records to the Grand Secretary aforesaid, at any time previous to the next annual communication of this Grand Lodge, and that all the funds, jewels, furniture and property of such lodges be left under their control respectively, to be appropriated to such objects as they may think proper, and that the Grand Lodge recommend to said Lodges TO APPROPRI

ATE THEIR FUNDS AND THE AVAILS OF THEIR PROPERTY TO THE COMMON SCHOOL FUND OF THIS STATE."

MASSACHUSETTS. National Republican Convention. This body assembled at Worcester on the second of October, and was organized by the appointment of the Hon. H. A. S. Dearborn of Roxbury as President; Richard E. Newcomb of Greenfield, George Blake of Boston, Gideon Barstow of Salem, Vice-Presidents; A. H. Wells of North-Adams, Richard Haughton of Boston, George Ashmun of Springfield, and Allen Danforth of Plymouth, Secretaries. The Convention unanimously nominated JOHN DAVIS of Worcester, as a candidate for the office of Governor, and SAMUEL T. ARMSTRONG of Boston, for LieutenantGovernor.

Banks in Boston. Semi-annual dividends, declared and paid, Oct. 1, 1833. Names of Banks. p ct. Am't div. American Bank, 3 $15,000 15,000 21,000

30,000 500,000 3 15,000 500,000 31 16,250 150,000 3 4,500 15,000

Am't cap. $500,000

Atlantic,

500,000 3

Boston,

600,000 3

Bank of Norfolk,

Charlestown,

City Bank,

1,000,000 3

500,000 3

Eagle,

500,00 3

15,000

Franklin,

150,000

5,250 30,000 15,000

Boston Debt. The aggregate amount of the City Debt, May 1, 1832, was $817,123 93. May 1, 1833, $940,358 28. Increase, during that financial year, $123,234 35. The amount of notes and bonds held by the city, May 1, 1833, was $168,094 70. Leaving a balance of debt against the city, at that date, of $772,263 58. The rates of interest are various, from 4 to 6 per cent. propriation for interest for the year is $41,000.

The ap

Harvard University. From the Annual Catalogue of this Institution, it appears that the whole number of undergraduates is two hundred and sixteen, of whom fifty-three are Seniors, sixtyone Juniors, fifty-two Sophomores, and forty-seven Freshmen. There are twen

The

ty-eight Theological Students, fifty-one Law, and eighty-five Medical. necessary expenses for a year, included in the College bills, are as follows:Instruction, Library, Lecture Rooms, Steward's Department, Rent and Care of Room, $90; Board for forty-two weeks at $1,90 per week, $79,80; Textbooks, $12,50; Special Repairs, &c. about $3;-Total, $179. Other expenses vary with the economy of each student. Wood and coal, ready for use, are delivered at the student's rooms, by the University, at cost, varying with the market price, but usually at $7,50 per cord for wood, and $8,00 per ton for coal. Wood unsawed, &c. can usually be obtained from the country at $6 per cord. The price of washing is from $3 to $5 per quarter. The rent of rooms, in private houses, from Board in the $25 to $52 per annum. town from 2 to $3. The students find their own beds and furniture. The Law Library of this University contains 3,000 volumes; the Medical, 1,000; the Public, 35,000;-total, 39,000.

The Bowdoin Prizes for 1833 were awarded as follows:-the Resident Graduate's prize of $50, or an equivalent gold medal, to Samuel Osgood of the Divinity School; a prize of $40 to Francis Bowen, and one of $30 to William McKay Pritchard, both of the last Senior Class; a prize of $40 and another of $30 to Charles Mason and William Annin, of the present Senior Class. These prizes are for the best Dissertations on given subjects.

NEW-YORK.

A

American Colonization Society. meeting of this Society was held in the city of New-York on Wednesday evening, which is described in the NewYork papers as being one of the most numerous that were ever assembled there. The Mayor took the chair, and the meeting was addressed by Messrs. D. B. Ogden, Hugh Maxwell, Frelinghuysen, Hawks, and several others. Resolutions were adopted, declaring the principles of the Society equally favorable to our own union and happiness, and the improvement of the African race, and recommending that the sum of $20,000 be raised for the promotion of its objects, and for the establishment of a settlement on some portion of the Liberian Territory, to bear the name of New-York. The sum of $3406 was received in contributions and subscriptions before the close of the meeting.

Trade, &c. At the beginning of the present season, a reduction of the tolls

upon the Erie Canal was made, equal to twenty-nine and a half per cent. on former rates for the descending trade, and fourteen and a half per cent. on the ascending. In the latter the articles are in general less bulky and more valuable than in the other. Notwithstanding this reduction, the aggregate amount of tolls received from the several Canals from the beginning of the season to the first of September exceeds those of the same period last year by the sum of $147,945. The amount of transportation was in some measure affected by the prevalence of Cholera in 1832; but the receipts of this year exceed those of 1831, when no such interruption of trade existed, by about $100,000. Goods passing through the canals are now transported from the city of New-York to various quarters of Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Alabama, and Tennessee, and there are six forwarding lines engaged in the transportation of goods to Ohio.

GEORGIA.

The

The politics of this state are somewhat difficult to be understood. following exposition is from the National Intelligencer:

The election of Governor of the state of Georgia took place on Monday, the 7th of October. The canvass which preceded it was one of the hottest that has ever occurred in that state. The candidates were Mr. Lumpkin, the present Governor, and Mr. Joel Crawford.

Judging from the newspapers, the excitement must have been greater than used to characterize the contests between the Clark and Crawford parties; for in addition to the stimulus infused into the canvass by the remains of that ancient feud, the question of Nullification came in to increase its heat.

So much has been alleged and denied in regard to the principles of the candidates, and there is so much difficulty, at this distance from the scene, in ascertaining the true position of the candidates in relation to former party divisions, that we are somewhat at a loss how to class them. Mr. Lumpkin is of the old Clark party, which sided with Mr. Calhoun, (Mr. Calhoun being opposed to W. H. Crawford,) and, therefore, it would seem that Mr. Lumpkin should, by affinity, have been the nullification candidate. But here comes a counter current, which, probably, is that which has thrown Mr. L. " from his propriety!" The Clark party is, par excellence, the Jackson party of the state; General Jackson has taken up the cudgels against Nullification; ergo, Governor L. is opposed to it. Whether the syllogism explains Mr. Lumpkin's position, or not, so it is, he is the anti-nullification candidate. Mr. Joel Crawford, on the other hand, who, by his affinities, should have been anti-nullification, by opposition to the proclamation, and the avowal of some rather high-seasoned state rights opinions, became the nullification candidate. This state of things (if we are correct in our account of it,) must have produced much embarrassment among the elder politicians of the state, who still feel the influence of the former party divisions; as it would seem to require the Clark men to support the Crawford candidate, and the Crawford men to vote for the Clark candidate. How far these considerations prevailed we have yet to learn. There was another question mixed up in the contest-the ratification or non-ratification of certain amendments to the state constitution, submitted to the people; but how far this question affected the election we are not able to say.

In Boston, on the 14th of September, Mrs. HEPZIBAH C. HOWARD, aged 55, widow of the late Dr. John C. Howard. Mrs. Howard was the eldest daughter of the late Col. James Swan-and by the worth of her character claims the tribute of respectful remembrance. Amid the pains and perplexity of an insidious and acute disease, she lingered through many months with a fortitude as exemplary as her sufferings were severe. She received the early and unqualified assurance that her malady was mortal, with a firmness and resignation seldom afterwards disturbed, even by a tear, at the thought of leaving those she loved. By her

friends the progress of her illness was watched with all the anxious alternation of hope and fear-and, to all who knew her, the anticipation of her death was fraught with deep and distressing sorrow.

While, also, to herself, that prospect and prediction had a serious and impressive interest, it never seemed to check, for a moment, her cheerful sympathy with those around her;

"Thus she who quivered at another's pain, Her own with Christian firmness could sustain; Stood unsubdued-but meekly kissed the rod, And took with firmness all that came from

God."

Hers was indeed one of those "golden spirits" -tried in the fire-and called to endure. Trials, we know, are the appointed ordeal of virtue. The experience of life, and the distribution of its ills, are far from confirming that old notion, that the degree of physical evil we endure is the criterion of our moral turpitude. The darkling effect of that sentiment is flying, like other mists, before the light of religion. Experience confirms the reverse of it. know that even the best of us must suffer-and the best of us may suffer the most. While the fact of suffering virtue may puzzle and confound the sceptic, it is yet clear to the Christian that "whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth"-and by this consolatory assurance the mercy of God is beautifully reconciled with our most painful vicissitudes.

We

To appreciate in general the portrait of woman's mind, we must see and study its features within their proper framework-her own home. The sphere of her duty is so noiseless;-her passions and employments have so little of "the busy hum of men "-her avocations are so domestic, and the direct influence she exerts in the world so limited, that the powers of her mind seem, as it were, imprisoned, and are seldom known beyond her household. She wields but few of the sceptres of worldly ambition, and, thus restricted, as she is, her wishes seldom range beyond her fireside and her family. It is there we must trace, then, the development of her character It is there, within that quiet empire, that all her virtues have the fullest sway and circulation. It is there, too, she has a hallowed shrine for God and her children. Within that little circle all "her jewels" are set; and there, as within "the holy of holies," she builds an altar whereon her unutterable af fections are kindled, and burn with an intensity which none but a mother can feel, and none but a child can experience.

If we look at the home of Mrs. Howard, we shall find it pervaded and sanctified by all these kind influences and affections. As a wife she was exemplary and devoted. As the head of a household and as a parent she exhibited a dignity, independence, and discretion, which were early called into exercise by the death of her husband, and her consequent sense of increased responsibility.

The Providence, which thus deprived her of his countenance and co-operation, seemed also to transfer his power and prerogatives, or rather, it served more fully and immediately to develop those native resources of her own mind, which, in such an exigency, were required for the judicious management of a family. The result proved her judgement fully equal to that emergency; and, surely, if, as we are told, the tree may be known by its fruits, the character of a good mother may be no less justly inferred from the living illustrations which survive her.

In the piety, virtue, and refined elegance of children who "rise up and call her blessed," we see, as it were, the transcripts of her own.

To the virtues of a mother, and the diligent discharge of domestic duties, was superadded, in the character of this estimable lady, a benevolence so expansive that it could not be wholly confined at home. She could not feel that her duties were there restricted. She felt that something was due to others. Though her social sympathies tended chiefly, and as they ought, to the central attraction of friends and family-yet her virtuous example-her name and influence, are traceable beyond this, among associations for benevolent objects. The spirit of open, generous, unreserved hospitality seemed to preside in her house and in her heart. Naturally social in her disposition, it was one of her innocent gratifications to have her friends and relatives frequently about her. She

was ever affable, accesssible, and dignified in her intercourse with others. Her heart seemed to have none of the usual contractions of selfishness. She was generous, but her generosity was not that sentimental impulse of the moment, which seeks occasion for display. She was liberal, but her liberality was not of that sort which gives away only the surplus of its stores: it was the free, overflowing, spontaneous emotion of her nature-responding at every honest appeal. In the way of private charity she did a great deal which the world knows nothing about. She was frank almost to a fault-and her frankness may at times have seemed severe to those who were not fully acquainted with her strict regard for truth. So remarkable indeed was this love of truth that she never would compromise it merely to etiquette. She abhorred equivocation, in all its forms, and never said any thing of others, or to them, for flattery's sake, or to gratify their vanity. The veracity, which thus characterized her conversation, was equally observable throughout her conduct. Sincerity and candor gave a tone of decision to her mind and seemed to chisel out its features. Integrity marked all her sentiments of moral and religious obligation. In society as in the sanctuary she was governed by honesty of purpose, and that "fear of God," which is "the beginning of wisdom." regarded the forms as well as the spirit of religion, and, among the most imperative of her domestic duties, numbered the too oft neglected obligation of morning and evening sacrifice at the family altar. It should be mentioned, as another strongly-marked feature of her character, that her friendships were founded on principle-and it was this which insured her so many friends, and made it so hard and heartrending for them to part with her.

She

Many were the ties which thus bound her to life. The happiness of her home, the prosperity which marked its relations, and the chords of affectionate, friendly interest in her bosom, were like so many sensitive and silver harpstrings in their attachment. Within herself they seemed to be so centred and connected, that, as she drew up heavenward, they gained a new harmony by the force of that tension which threatened to sunder them. Her love, while it warmed towards heavenly things, had a reasonable wish to linger among its earthly objects, but how momentary was that revulsion, (if revulsion it could be called) when she considered and realized that all these sympathetic ties had their affinity with that one-so undying and indissoluble-the love of God!

She lived, as an instance of some of the best principles in human nature-she died, as an exhalation of its purest sympathies.

"Thus rests her spirit still on those with whom
Her step the paths of joyous duty trod,
Bidding them make an altar of her tomb,
Where chastened thought may offer praise to
God."
S.

In Boston, Oct. 1, Mr. CLEMENT DUR. GIN, aged 31. With this gentleman the love of learning was a passion that burned within, with an intensity which finally consumed and wore out his earthly frame. He literally fell a martyr to the cause of science, and his premature tomb now stands, with a multitude of others, a memento and a warning to the enthusiastic worshipers at learning's shrine, who forget that the condition of an earthly pilgrimage, is a due attention to the mere physical man; which may be compared to a trusty steed, that will bear us on our journey, only while we afford the necessary relaxation and refreshment. The members of the Boston Lyceum, (of which society he was one of the Curators at the time of his decease) will bear testimony to his untiring