the Action, and was retir'd to the Houfe of the Venetian Embaffadour, they were in trouble and perplexity; difmifs'd their Coach, and return'd to their Lodging. Though they abhorr'd the Action that was committed, they forefaw, the prefence of one of their own Servants in it, and even fome paffionate words they had ufed, in their expoftulation with Don Lewis, against the reception of fuch a Meffenger, as if "the King "their Mafter had too many Subjects in that place, for fuch a "fellow to appear there with any fecurity, would make it be believ'd by many, that the attempt had not been made without their confent or privity. In this trouble of mind, they immediately writ a Letter to Don Lewis de Haro, to exprefs the fenfe they had of this unfortunate rafh Action; "of "which, they hoped, he did believe, if they had had any no"tice or fufpicion, they would have prevented it. Don Lewis return'd them a very dry Anfwer; "That he could not ima- fadors write "gine that they could have a hand in fo foul an Affaffina- to Don ❝tion in the Court (for all Madrid is call'd, and look'd upon as the Court) "of a Perfon under the immediate Protection "of the King: However, that it was an Action fo unheard "of, and fo difhonourable to the King, that his Majefty was Hit Answer: "refolv'd to have it examin'd to the bottom, and that exem"plary Juftice fhould be done upon the Offenders: That his "own Embaffadour in England might be in great danger upon "this Murther; and that they would fend an Exprefs prefently "thither to fatisfy the Parliament how much his Catholick "Majefty detefted, and was offended with it, and refolv❜d to "do juftice upon it; and if his Embaffadour underwent any "inconvenience There, they were not to wonder, if his Ma"jefty were fevere Here; and fo left it to them to imagine that their own Perfons might not be lafe.

Lewis 4.

bout this

Action.

BUT they knew the temper of the Court too well, to have the leaft apprehenfion of that: yet they were a little furprised, when they first faw the Multitude of People gather'd toge ther about their Houfe, upon the firft News of the Action; infomuch that the street before their Houfe, which was the broadeft in Madrid (the Calle de Alcala) was fo throng'd, that Men could hardly pafs. But they were quickly out of that apprehenfion, being affured, that the jealoufy that one of the English Embalfadours had fuffer'd Violence, had brought that Multitude together; which they found to be true; for they no fooner fhew'd themselves in a Balcony to the People, Thefe that but they faluted them with great kindness, pray'd for the King fled to the their Mafter, curfed and reviled the Murtherers of his Father taken thence, Chapel are and fo departed. They who had betaken themselves to the and ImpriChapel, were, the next day or the fecond, taken from thence foned; the by a principal Officer after Examination, and fent to the Pri- other efcapes

Bb 4

fon: into France.

fon the other was not inquir'd after; but, having conceal'd himself for ten or twelve days, he went out of the Town in the night; and, without any interruption or trouble, went into France.

OF all the Courts in Chriftendom Madrid is that where Embaffadours, and Publick Minifters, receive the greatest Refpect, which, befides the Honour and Punctuality of that People, bred up in the obfervation of diftances and order, proceeds from the excellent method the Embaffadours have of living with mutual respect towards each other, and in mutual concernment for each others Honour and Privileges: fo that, if any Embaffadour, in Himself or his Servants, receive any Affront or Difrefpect, all the other Embaffadours repair to him; and offer their Service, and Interpofition, by which means they are not only preferv'd from any Invafion by any private and particular Infolence, but even from fome Acts of Power, which the Court it felf bath fome time thought fit to exercife, upon an extraordinary occafion, towards a Minifter of whom they had no regard. All are united on the behalf of the Character; and will not fuffer that to be done towards one, which, by the confcquence, may reflect upon all.

IT cannot be imagin'd, with what a general compassion all the Embaffadours look'd upon thefe unhappy Gentlemen, who had involv'd themselves by their rafhnefs in fo much peril. They came to the English Embaffadours to Advife, and Confult what might be done to preferve them, every one offering his Affiftance. The Action could in no degree be juftified; all that could be urged and infifted upon in their behalf, was the Privilege of Sanctuary, "They had betaken "themselves to the Church; and the taking them from thence, "by what Authority foever, was a violation of the Rights and "Immunities of the Church, which, by the Law of the King"dom, was ever defended with all tenderness. So that be"fore the guilt of the Blood could be examin'd, the Pri"foners defir'd that their Privilege might be examin'd, and "that they might have Council affign'd them to that purpose; which was granted; and feveral Arguments were made upon the matter of Law before the Judges; who were favourable enough to the Prifoners. The King's Council urged, "that "in cafe of Affaffination, the Privilege of Sanctuary was ne"ver allow'd (which is true) and cited many Presidents of late years in Madrid it felf, where, for lefs Crimes than of Blood, Men had been taken out of the Sanctuary, and tried, and executed. The English Embaffadours thought not fit to appear on their behalf, and yet were not willing that the new Republick fhould receive fo much Countenance from that Court, as would have refulted from putting thofe Gentlemen

to

them to be

deliver'd

to death as if they had kill'd a Publick Minifter. The Pope's Nuntio, Julio Rofpigliofi, who was afterwards Clement the The Nuntio Ninth, could not, according to the Style of the Roman Court, Rofpigliosi either give or receive Vifits from the English Embaffadours: required but they perform'd Civilities to each other by Meffages, and paffed mutual Salutations, with all refpect to each other, as back, they met abroad. And the Venetian Embaffadour brought them frequent affurances, "that the Nuntio had fpoken very ef"fectually to the King, and to Don Lewis, for the redelivery "of the Prisoners to the Church, and preffed it fo hard upon "the Confcience of the King, that he had fome promise that "they fhould not fuffer.

after the

ture.

In the mean time, thundering Letters came from the Parliament, with great Menaces what they would do, if exemplary Juftice was not inflicted upon those who had Murther'd their Envoy; and Don Alonzo urged it, as if "he thought "himself in danger till full fatisfaction fhould be given in that "particular; all which for the prefent made deep impreffion, fo that they knew not what to do; the King often declaring "that he would not infringe the Privilege of the Church, and "fo undergo the Cenfure of the Pope, for any advantage he "could receive with reference to any of his Dominions. In the end (that the difcourfe of this Affair may not be refum'd The 1ue of this business again hereafter) after a long Imprisonment (for during the) Embaladours ftay they would not bring them to any Trial, Embafaleft they might feem to do any thing upon their follici- dours depar tation) the Prifoners were proceeded against affoon, or fhortly after the Embaffadours had left Madrid, and were all condemn'd to dye; and affoon as the Sentence was declar'd, all the Prifoners were again deliver'd into the fame Church; where they remain'd many days, having Provifions of Victuals fent to them by many Perfons of Quality, until they had all opportunity to make their Escape, which was very fuccefsfully done by all but one; who, being the only Proteftant amongst them, was more maliciously looked after and watched, and was follow'd, and apprehended after he had made three days Journey from Madrid, and carried back thither, and put to death: which was all the fatisfaction the Parliament could obtain in that Affair; and is an inftance, how far that People was from any Affection to thofe of England in their Hearts, how much foever they comply'd with them out of the neceffity of their Fortune.

WHEN fome weeks were paffed after that unlucky accident, the Embaffadours went to confer with Don Lewis upon fome other occurence, with no purpose of mentioning any thing of the Prifoners. Don Lewis fpoke of it in a manner they did not expect, one expreffion was "Yo tengo invidia de

"eftos

"eftos Cavaleros &c. I envy thofe Gentlemen for having "done fo noble an Action, how penal foever it may prove "to them, to revenge the Blood of their King. Whereas, he faid, "the King his Mafter wanted fuch refolute Subjects "otherwife he would never have loft a Kingdom, as he had "done Portugal, for want of one brave Man; who, by taking "away the Life of the Ufurper, might at any time, during the "first two years, have put an end to that Rebellion.

To return now to the Affairs of Scotland: whether when the Marquis of Argyle first knew that the King would venture himself into Scotland, he fufpected his own itrength, and fo fent for his Friend Cromwell to assist him; or whether it seem'd more reasonable to the Parliament, when it was affured of the King's being there, to Vific him in that Kingdom, than to expect a Vifit from him, is not enough clear at this time. Cromwell, But affoon as the King was in Scotland, Cromwell, being fent fent for by for by the Parliament, left what remain'd to be done in Irethe Parlia land to Ireton (who had Married his Daughter) and made Ireland, him Deputy; and Tranfported himfelf into England; where leave Ire the Parliament, not without great oppofition from all the ton his De- Presbyterian Party, refolv'd to fend an Army into Scotland. The Parlia Many oppofed it, as they thought it an unjuft and unproment refolu'd fitable War, and knew it must be a very expenfive one; and to fend an others, because it would keep up, and increafe the Power and Army into Authority of the Army in England; which was already found to be very grievous.

ment out of

puty.

Scotland.

Fairfax

THIS Refolution produced another great Alteration: Fairfax, who had hitherto worn the Name of General, declar'd gives up his pofitively that he would not Command the Army against Commiffion. Scotland. The Presbyterians faid, "it was becaufe he thought "the War unlawful, in regard it was against thofe of the fame "Religion; but his Friends would have it believ'd, that he Cromwell would not Fight against the King. Hereupon Cromwell was made Ge- chofen General; which made no Alteration in the Army;

neral.

which he had modell'd to his own mind before, and Commanded as abfolutely. But in all other places he grew more abfolute and more imperious; he discountenanced, and fuppreffed the Presbyterians in all places; who had been fupported by Fairfax. The Independents had all Credit about him; and the Churches and Pulpits were open to all kind of People who would fhew their Gifts there; and a general Diftraction and Confufion in Religion cover'd the whole Kingdom; which raised as general a difcontent in the minds of the People, who, finding no eafe from the Burthens they had fo long fuftain'd, but an increase of the Taxes and Impofitions every day, grew weary of their new Government; and heartily pray'd, that their General might never return from Scot

land,

my

him.

land, but that, he being deftroy'd there, the King might return Victorious into London. The bitterness and profecution against their Brethren in England, and the old Animofity they had long borne against the Perfon of Cromwell, made thofe in Authority in that Kingdom refolve to defend themselves against his Invafion, and to draw together a very numerous The Scots Body of Men weil provided, and fupplied with all things ne- raise an Arceffary but Courage and Conduct. They were fo careful in against the modelling this Army, that they fuffer'd few or no Officers, or Soldiers, who had been in the Engagement of Duke Hamilton, or who gave the leaft occafion to be fufpected to with well to the King or to the Hamiltonian Party, to be lifted or receiv'd into their Service. So that they had only fome old difcredited Officers, who, being formerly thought unworthy of Command, had ftuck clofe to Argyle and to the Party of the Kirk. The truth is, the whole Army was under the Government of a Committee of the Kirk and the State; in which the Minifters exercifed the fole Authority, and prayed and preached against the Vices of the Court, and the Impiety. and Tyranny of Cromwell, equally; and promifed their Army Victory over the Enemy as pofitively, and in as confident terms, as if God himself had directed them to declare it. The King defir'd that he might Command this Army, at least run the Fortune of it. But they were hardly prevail'd with to give him leave once to fee it; and, after he had been in it three or four hours, upon the obfervation that the Common Soldiers feem'd to be much pleas'd to fee him, they caufed him to return, and the next day carried him to a place at a greater diftance from the Army; declaring, "that they found the Soldiers too much inclin'd to put their Confidence in the "Arm of Flesh; whereas their hope and dependence was to "be only in God; and they were moft affur'd of Victory by "the Prayers, and Piety of the Kirk.

enters Scot

IN July Cromwell enter'd Scotland, and march'd without Cromwell any oppofition till he came within less than a days Journey of Edenborough; where he found the Scotish Army encamped land.upon a very advantageous ground; and he made his Quarters as near as he could conveniently, and yet with difadvantages enough. For the Country was fo deftroyed behind him, and the Paffes fo guarded before, that he was compelled to fend for all his Provifion for Horfe and Foot from England by Sea; infomuch as the Army was reduced to great ftreights; and the Scots really believ'd, that they had them all at their Mercy, except fuch as would Embark on board their Ships. But affoon as Cromwell had recover'd fome Provifions, his Army begun to remove, and feem'd to provide for their March. Whether that March was to retire out of fo barren

a Coun