a Country for want of Provifions (which no doubt were very fcarce; and the Seafon of the year would not permit them to depend upon all neceflary Supplies by Sea, for it was now the Month of September) or whether that motion was only to draw the Scots from the advantageous poft of which they were poffeffed, is not yet understood, But it was confeffed on all fides, that, if the Scots had remain'd within their Trenches, and fent Parties of Horfe to have follow'd the EnThe diftrefs glib Army clofely, they must have fo diforder'd them, that of Crom. they would have left their Cannon, and all their heavy Carwell's Arriage behind them, befides the danger the Foot must have

Cromwell

been in. But the Scots did not intend to part with them fo eafily; they doubted not but to have the Spoil of the whole Army. And therefore they no fooner difcern'd that the English were upon their march, but they decamped, and follow'd with their whole Body all the Night following, and found themselves in the Morning within a small diftance of the Enemy for Cromwell was quickly advertifed that the Scotish Army was diflodged, and marched after him; and thereupon he made a stand, and put his Men in good order. The Scots found they were not upon fo clear a chafe as they imagin'd, and placed themselves again upon fuch a fide of a Hill, as they believ'd the English would not have the Courage to attack them there.

BUT Cromwell knew them too well to fear them upon any entirely routs ground, when there were no Trenches, or Fortifications to the Scots in keep him from them; and therefore he made haft to charge the Battle of them on all fides, upon what advantage-ground foever they

Dunbar.

ftood. Their Horfe did not fuftain one Charge; but fled, and were pursued with a great execution. The Foot depended much upon their Minifters, who preach'd, and pray'd, and affured them of the Victory, till the English were upon them; and fome of their Preachers were knock'd in the head, whilst they were promising the Victory. Though there was fo little refiftance made, that Cromwell loft very few Men by that days Service, yet the Execution was very terrible upon the Enemy; the whole Body of the Foot being, upon the matter, cut in pieces; no quarter was given till they were weary of killing, fo that there were between five and fix thoufand dead upon the place; and very few, but they who efcaped by the heels of their Horfe, were without terrible wounds; of which very many died fhortly after; especially fuch of their Minifters who were not kill'd upon the place, as very many were, had very notable marks about the head, and the face, that any Body might know that they were not hurt by chance, or in the croud, but by very good will. All the Cannon, Ammunition, Carriages, and Baggage, were en

tirely taken, and Cromwell with his victorious Army march'd Cromwell directly to Edenborough; where he found plenty of all things enters Edenwhich he wanted, and good accommodation for the refrein- borough. ing his Army, which ftood in need of it.

NEVER Victory was attended with lefs lamentations: for as Cromwell had great argument of Triumph in the total Defeat and deftruction of the only Army that was in Scotland; which Defeat had put a great part of that Kingdom, and the chief City of it, under his Obedience; fo the King, who was then at St Johnston's, was glad of it, as the greatest happi- The King nefs that could befall him, in the lofs of fo ftrong a Body of gets advan his Enemies; who, if they fhould have prevailed, his Majesty tage by the. did believe that they would have fhut him up in a Prifon the next day; which had been only a ftricter confinement than he fuffer'd already for the Lord Lorne, eldeft Son to the Marquis of Argyle, being Captain of his Guard, had fo watchful a care of him both night and day, that his Majefty could not go any whither without his leave. But, after this Defeat, they all look'd upon the King as one they might stand in need of: they permitted his Servants, who had been fequefter'd from him from his Arrival in the Kingdom, to attend, and wait upon him, and begun to talk of calling a Parliament, and of a time for the King's Coronation; which had not hitherto been spoken of. Some Minifters begun to Preach obedience to the King; the Officers, who had been cashier'd for their Malignity, talked aloud of "the miscarriages in the "Government, and that the Kingdom was betrayed to the "Enemy for want of confidence in the King, who alone "could preferve the Nation. They of the Council feem'd not to have fo abfolute a dependence upon the Marquis of Argyle, but fpoke more freely than they had ufed to do; and the Marquis applied himself more to the King, and to thofe about him: fo that the King did, in a good degree, enjoy the fruit of this Victory, as well as Cromwell, though his Majefty's advantage was difcern'd by a few Men only, and thofe reduced into an obfcure quarter of the Kingdom; but the other made the eclat. The deftruction of the only Army, and the poffeffing of Edenborough, was look'd upon, in all places, as the entire conqueft of the whole Kingdom.

DON Alonzo made haft to fend the News into Spain of "the total and irrecoverable defeat of the King; that he was "driven into the High-lands; from whence he would be "compell'd to fly, affoon as he could get means to escape: that "the Republick was now fettled, and no more fear or hope "of the King: the effect of all which, the Embaffadours quickly found at Madrid, by the carriage and countenance of that King and the Council; though it cannot be denied that

the

the Common People appear'd to have a much more generous fenfe of the Alteration, than the others did. The Embaffadours receiv'd fhortly a full advertisement of the truth; and "that the King thought his condition much improv'd by the "defeat; and they uled all the means they could, by several Audiences, to inform the King of Spain and Don Lewis of the truth; and "that they were misinform'd, as if the Army "overthrown was the King's; whereas they were indeed as "much his Enemies, as Cromwell's was. But in this they could obtain no credit, and all ways were taken to make them perceive, that it was heartily with'd they were gone; which they were refolv'd to take no notice of.

The Secretary of State brings me Sage from the King of Spain to the Embaladours to de fire them to

gone.

c

IN the end, one morning, the Secretary of State came to them from the King; and told them, "that they had been now above a year in that Court, where they had been well cr treated, notwithstanding fome mifcarriages, which might very justly have incenfed his Catholick Majefty ( mentioning the death of Afcham) "that they were Extraordinary Em"baffadours, and fo needed not any Letters of Revocation; "that they had receiv'd Answers to all they had propofed, and "were at liberty to depart; which his Catholick Majefty de"fired they would do, fince their prefence in the Court would "be very prejudicial to his Affairs. This unexpected and unufual Meffage, deliver'd ungracefully enough by an old Man, who, notwithstanding his Office, was look'd upon with little reverence to his parts, made them believe "that he had "mistaken his Meffage, at leaft that he had deliver'd it with "lefs Courtly circumstances than he ought to have done. And therefore they return'd no other Anfwer, than "that they "would attend Don Lewis de Haro, and understand from Him They apply to the King's pleasure. The next day, they fent for an AudiDonLewis. ence to Don Lewis; whom they found with a lefs open Countenance than he used to have; nor did he appear any thing more Courtly than the Secretary had done; but told them, that there were Orders fent to fuch a Perfon (whom he named) to prepare their prefent; which fhould be ready within very few days,and prefs'd them very plainly, and without any regard to the feafon of the year, it being then towards the end of January, to use all poffible expedition for their departure, as a thing that, even in that refpect, did exceedingly concern the fervice of the King. This made the Embaffadours imagine, which was likewife reported, that there was a formal Embaffadour upon his way from England, and that the Court The reafon of would be no more liable to the like Accidents. But they their being knew afterwards, that the cause of all this haft was, that they PartMadrid might bring into the Town as many Pictures, and other choice n fuch baft, and rich Furniture, as did load eighteen Mules; which, as

was

was faid before, Don Alonzo had bought of the King's goods, and then fent to the Groyne, and which they did not then think could be decently brought to the Palace, whilft the Embafladours fhould continue and remain in the Town.

THIS injunction to leave Madrid, in fo unfeasonable a time of the year, was very fevere to the Embaffadours. The Lord Cottington was at this time feventy fix years of Age, once or twice in a year troubled with the Gout, in other refpects of great vigour of Body and Mind; nor did there appear in his natural parts any kind of decay. He had refolv'd, when he first proposed this Embafly to the King, and, it may be, it was the chief reafon of propofing it, that, if there should be no door open to let him return into England, by the time that his Embaffy fhould expire, he would remain and die in Spain. But he did then believe, that he should have found another kind of Entertainment there than he had done. He had, without doubt, deferv'd very well from that Nation, having always perform'd thofe Offices towards them which made him look'd upon at home as too well affected to that People, which, together with his conftant oppofition of the French, had render'd him very ungracious to the Queen: yet there were some seasons, in which his credit and authority was not great enough to obtain all things for them which they defir'd, and expected; as when their Fleet, under the command of Oquendo, about the year 1639, had been affaulted in the Downs, and defeated by the Dutch Fleet, for want of that protection which they thought the King might have given to them. And it is probable their Embaffadours, who were then in England, whereof Don Alonzo was one, did not find that readiness and alacrity in him to appear in their fervice, as they had formerly done; he very well knowing, that the being follicitous for them, in that conjuncture, might do Himfelf harm, and could do Them no good. But thefe Omiffions were now remember'd, and all his fervices forgotten: fo that (as hath been touch'd before) his reception, from the first hour of his coming laft thither, was very cold both from the King and the Court. And though he was now willing to refume his former refolution of staying there; yet the treatment he had receiv'd, and this laft farewel, made him doubt, very reasonably, whether he should be permitted to stay there or not.

THERE was another circumstance, which was necessary to his refiding in Spain, in which he met with fome difficulties that he had not foreseen, and which did exceedingly perplex him; and which he plainly enough difcern'd, and knew to be the true cause of all the discountenance he had met with in that Court (though he was willing the other Embaffadour, who knew nothing of it, fhould believe that it proceeded

from what had paffed in England) which was then remember'd in the difcourfe of the Court, and was the true cause of the general prejudice to him there. He had been formerly reconciled in that Kingdom to the Church of Rome, and had conftantly gone to the Mafs there; and declaring himself afterwards in England to be of the Religion of the Church of England, he was Apoftatiz'd from the other; which, in that Country, is look'd upon as such a Brand, as the infamy of it can never be wiped out; and this indeed was the reafon of that King's fo notable averfion from him. The truth is, he had never made any enquiry into Religion to inform himself, but had conform'd to that which the Province he held obliged him to; and though he could never get the reputation in England of being well affected to that Church, and was always look'd upon as moft inclin'd to the Roman, yet he convinced thofe who would have taken advantage of that guilt, by being prefent at Prayers, and Sermons, and fometimes receiving the Sacrament, as he did the very laft Sunday he ftay'd in the Hague before he begun his Journey towards Spain; and even after his arrival there, was conftant at the reading the Common Prayers both Morning, and Evening, by their own Chaplain, in their Houfe, as long as the Chaplain liv'd: and many, who knew him very well, did believe that if he had died in England, he would have died in the Communion of that Church. But there is no doubt, he did refolve, from the time that he meant to remain and die in Spain, that he would become a Roman Catholick again, which he thought to be a much easier thing than it was; and that he might have been reconciled by any Prieft in as private a manner as he could defire. But when he confulted that affair with a Jefuit, who frequently came to the Houfe, he found, that after an Apoftacy, as they term'd it, it was not in the power of any Priest to reconcile him, but that it was referv'd to the Pope himfelf; who rarely gives the faculty to any but to his own Nuntios. This obliged him to refort thither; which he could not easily do without communicating it to the other Embaffadour; towards whom this was the only fecret he referv'd. And he found a way, as he thought, to elude him in this particular. He told him, feveral days, that the Nuntio had sent him fuch and fuch Meffages by that Jefuit concerning those Gentlemen who were in Prifon, the fubftance whereof did not differ from what the Venetian Embaffadour had formerly deliver'd from him: at laft, he told him, "that he found the "Nuntio had fomewhat to say in that Affair which he would "not communicate by Meffage, but wifh'd to speak with him "in private; for publickly he must not be known to have "any conference with him; and that hereupon he refolv'd to