50 2 ro. = val. of I ac. Value of whole = £23132 1 3.12T 2. A clerk having to pay 1000 workmen 1 5s. 44d. each, receives from his employer £1000 for this purpose, and this, together with £9 18s. 6d. of his own, he expends in paying each man in full as far as the money goes; how many men remain unpaid? (a) Number of men paid=(1009 18s. 6d. 1 5s. 41d.)= 484764 halfd.÷609 halid.=796 mer. 1000-796 or 204 men remain unpaid. Ans. (6) 56629 16 8 21 I 8 IO IO IO 555 56666 14 7 5 31 .. exact val. of estate=56666 9 3 Grammar. I. Parse the verbs and adjectives in the following:'Toll for the brave! The brave that are no more; All sunk beneath the wave Fast by their native shore.' Toll-reg. trans. verb (used here as intrans.) imper., pres., 2nd per. plur., agreeing with (you). brave-adj. qual. (men) here equal to a noun. brave-adj. qual. (men), emphasizing first brave. are-irreg. subst. verb am, was, been, indic., pres., 3rd pers. plur., agreeing with that. sunk-complete part. of irreg. intrans, verb sink, sank, sunk referring to all. their poss. adj. limiting shore. native-disting. adj. limiting shore. 2. Define clearly an abstract noun; give examples. An abstract noun' is the name of a quality considered apart from the thing with which it is connected, or of an action considered apart from the doer of that action, or of the state of any common or proper noun. That which is denoted by an abstract noun has no independent existence, but is only thought of by itself. Abstract nouns are formed from (1) adjectives; e.g., goodness, whiteness, fruitfulness. (2) Verbs, e.g., laughter, speech. (3) Concrete nouns, e.g., tyranny, boyhood. 3. Give examples (1) of nouns having two plurals; (2) of nouns that admit of no plural. (1) Some nouns of foreign extraction have both an English and a foreign plural, with different shades of meaning, e.g., genius, genii and geniuses; index, indexes, and indices; formula, formula, and formulas. Some A. S. words give two plurals:-brothers and brethren; cloths and clothes; dies and dice; pennies and pence. (2) Some nouns, from the nature of their signification, do not admit of a plural. These are names of materials, as, gold, silver, clay, timber; abstract nouns, as temperance, wisdom, compassion. Many of such nouns are used in the plural to denote different kinds or instances of the substances or qualities referred to. Geography. 1. Name in order the river mouths, bays, headlands, and principal seaports between the Firth of Clyde and the Bristol Channel. Describe briefly the character of each seaport. On the Firth of Clyde are the seaports of Greenock, with ship. building and sugar-refining, and Port Glasgow, with shipbuilding. Proceeding southwards, we pass Ardrossan, with steam to Ireland, Mouth of the Irvine, Ayr Bay, with Ayr at the Mouth of the Ayr, Turnberry Point, Girvan at the Mouth of the Girvan, Loch Ryan, Corsill Point, Portpatrick-steam to Ireland, 21 miles off-Mull of Galloway, at which point we enter the Solway Firth, parts of which are Luce Bay, Wigtown Bay, and Kirkcudbright Bay. Burrow Head lies between Luce and Wigtown Bays. The chief rivers entering the Solway are the Dee, the Nith, with its port of Dumfries, the Annan, and the Eden in Cumberland. Continuing south, along the English coast, we pass the coal ports of Maryport, Whitehaven, and Workington, round St. Bee's Head, reach Barrow-in-Furness, cross the mouth of Morecambe Bay, receiving the waters of the Lune, skirt the coast of Lancashire, on which stand Fleetwood, Blackpool, Preston at the mouth of the Ribble, and Liverpool and Birkenhead (in Cheshire), a combination-town forming the most wonderful example of seafaring enterprise in this or almost any country of the world. Crossing the Estuary of the Dee, we coast along Wales, past Great Orme's Head, through the Menai Straits, with Bangor, round the peninsula of Braich-y-pull into Cardigan Bay, a long stretch, at the south end of which are Strumble Head and St. David's Head. The peninsula of Pembroke is cut by St. Bride's Bay and Milford Haven, leaving which we pass St. Gowan's Point, enter Caermarthen Bay, and beyond Worms Head, we reach our destination, the Bristol Channel. 2. What differences of climate are there between the East and the West Coasts of Great Britain? Give reasons for these differences. The average fall of rain over Great Britain is much greater on the West than on the East coast, the average number of rainy days on the east being 165 and on the west 208. This great difference of climate between the east and west sides arises from the configuration of the land and the general prevalence of westerly winds, charged with vapour froin the Atlantic. These winds, meeting with the cooler mountain ranges, lose their moisture and give rise to nearly all the principal rivers in the island. The barren hills on the West are almost continually shrouded in mist, while the districts beyond them receive only the proper amount of water. 3. Say what you know about the physical features and industrial pursuits of Cornwall, Durham, Ayrshire, and Galway. If you can, draw a map to illustrate one answer, and insert the lines of latitude and longitude. Cornwall has a rugged surface, an indifferent soil, and a scarcity of timber. Its climate is mild and healthy, but very moist. Its tin mines are the most celebrated in the world. The district richest in metals extends from Dartmoor in Devonshire 'to Land's End, but the most varied mineral wealth is confined to a little space in the southern end of the peninsula, to which place fully nine-tenths of the people have been drawn to follow the industries of tin and copper mining. Durham consists of moorlands with lead mines in the Pennine Chain; a tract of coal-measures in the middle; and a belt of agricultural soil on the coast, in the southern part of which saltmines are found. The three chief rivers rise close together in the W., and are the Tyne forming the N. boundary, the Tees the S., and the Wear running through its centre. The chief industries are coal and iron mining, the manufacture of glass, shipbuilding, salt-making, sail-cloth manufacture, and shipping. Ayrshire lies on the Firth of Clyde, and is separated from the basin of that river by a low range of hills on the N.E., while on the S.E. it is bounded by the hills stretching from the Lowthers to the Solway. It is crescent-shaped, and watered by five main streams, rising in the eastern hills, the chief of which is the Ayr, dividing the county into two parts. In the south lies Carrick, very hilly, thinly peopled, and chiefly devoted to pasture-land; to the N., is Cunningham, pastoral and rich in coal-measures; and between these is Kyle, the richest and most populous of the three parts, forming one of the centres of Scotch manufacturing industry. Kyle and Cunningham are thickly crowded with towns and villages, whose outward trade is carried on through the ports of the Clyde. Ayrshire has been called the dairy of Scotland, and gives name to a breed of cattle. Galway in general consists of an immense level plain, extending far inland, bounded by the Suck, the Shannon, and L. Derg. The smaller portion of the county is composed by a mass of heights, the Connemara Mts., running towards the sea along the shores of Galway Bay, and almost cut off from the level tract by Loughs Mask and Corrib. This rocky district is barren and deserted, and the few small towns lie in the river valleys of the plain. The chief industry is farming; the cattle fairs of Balinasloe being the most important in Ireland. Composition. Write from dictation the passage given out by the Inspector. 'Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee The verb laughed, which is generally intransitive, is rendered transitive by means of the preposition at. If it were said that 'they laughed the action is confined to the actors, but the phrase they laughed at' requires an object to complete the meaning, which is supplied in all his jokes.' To test if such combinations are true 'compound' or 'preposition-verbs,' as they are sometimes called, try if they make good sense in the passive form; as, His jokes were laughed at. This proves at to be virtually part of the verb laugh. 3. Give examples of adverbs of manner, time, and place. The following are adverbs of Manner-rapidly, well, so, thus, somehow, anywise. Place here, yonder, up, anywhere, where, homewards. Adverbs of time may be classified into those denoting (1) When? (2) How long? (3) How often? and those of place into (1) Where? (2) Whither? (3) Whence? VOL II. 2. Trace minutely the course of the Loire, mentioning in order its tributaries and the towns in its basin, and describing the character of the country through which it flows. The Loire rises in the Cevennes, flows with a winding course towards the north as far as Nevers, near which it is joined by the Allier, a tributary which, rising in the same chain of mts., flows parallel with the Loire, from which it is separated by a range of hills. From Nevers the Loire proceeds to the northwest until it reaches Orleans, where it bends to the west and continues in this direction till it falls into the Bay of Biscay. In this part of its course it receives the Cher, Indre, and V'ienne of the left, and the united Mayenne, Sarthe, and Loir on the right These are its principal feeders, but the branches received by the Loire are very many, and this river constitutes the great outlet for the produce of central and western France. The banks are celebrated for their beauty, particularly in the neighbourhood on Tours. The chief towns in its basin are Le Puy, St. Etienne, Nevers, Clermont, Moulins, Orleans, Tours, Limoges, Poictiers, Saumur, Alençon, Le Mans, Mayenne, Angers, and Nantes. (1) CLIMATE.—In Canada the climate is excessive-the heat of summer and the cold of winter being much greater than in corresponding latitudes in Europe-dryness of the air and absence of high winds greatly moderate the severity of winter, and render the climate salubrious and conducive to lengthen human life; dangerous epidemics are almost unknown, people troubled with affection of the lungs enjoy better health than in Britain; sky pure, and fogs seldom seen; winter begins in Lower Canada in November and ends in April; in Upper Province it is shorter; on borders of Great Lakes winter is milder than in the interior; the St. Lawrence is generally frozen for five months in the year. In British Columbia, embracing all British America west of the Rocky Mountains, the climate is very moist in summer and extremely cold in winter; in elevated interior snow blocks up the mountain passes from October to July. In Hudson's Bay, or North-West Territory at Fort York, the winter cold is intense, the thermometer descending so low as 50° below zero, brandy freezing into a solid substance, in rooms with a constant fire. Newfoundland Coast much subject to fogs, no doubt from the condensation of the vapour from the warmer sea. (2) PRODUCTIONS.-Animals-Fur-bearing, such as bear, wolf, fox, lynx, etc. Carriboa-deer in vast herds in Newfoundland, to which island the Newfoundland dog is peculiar. Two remarkable features in Canadian bird-life :-1, Birds are all destitute of song; 2, The stated migration of birds in immense crowds to and from the Arctic regions. Domestic animals comprise horses, sheep, swine, and poultry; seas, bays, and rivers swarm with fish ; 'bank of Newfoundland' long celebrated for its cod. Game of all kinds abound in the whole territory. Minerals. All the known useful minerals are found in this vast region. Gold in British Columbia and Nova Scotia; copper in Lake Huron and Lake Superior very valuable; maritime provinces of Canada comprise inexhaustible supplies of coal and ironstone, building and other stone of all descriptions. Vegetables.-Wheat of the finest quality grown in the greatest abundance, apples and cider exported, sugar from maple tree, all the home fruits, etc., grown in Canada. Great forests of timber produce "lumber," which is the source of great wealth, especially in New Brunswick. Hemp and flax are indigenous to the soil, and can be grown profitably in many parts. Agriculture is now taking the place of the original timber trade, which, however, still forms the most valuable branch of commerce. SECOND PAPER. One hour allowed for Females. Two hours and a half allowed for Males. History. 1. What British prince early in the sixth century checked the extension of Wessex? Give place and date of a battle won by him. In 495 a body of Saxons, under Cerdic and his son, founded the Kingdom of Wessex; but in 520 the British prince, Arthur, defeated the Saxons at Badbury, in Dorsetshire, and checked for a whole generation their advance westwards. 2. How came Richard I. to be taken captive by the Duke of Austria? Narrate the circmstances. Richard I., in his hurry to get home from the Crusades, had left his fleet and gone on as a private traveller. Having been wrecked on the coast of the Adriatic, he made his way in disguise into Austria, where he was seized by Leopold, Duke of that country, who had been insulted by Richard during the Crusade. The Duke sold him to the Emperor, Henry VI., who did not release him till such a heavy ransom was paid that every Englishman had to give a fourth of his goods. 3. Mention names and dates of the most famous battles between English and French from Edward III. to Henry VI. Battle of Crecy, fought 1346, gained by Edward III. Black Prince. Poictiers 1356 Agincourt,, 1415 Henry V. Penmanship. Write, in large hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, the word arpsichord. Write, in small hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, Poised in dair upon the giddy mast. Composition. Write full notes of a lesson on simple geometrical forms. Notes of a lesson on 'Simple geometrical forms.' I.-Class provided with slates and pencil, and seated in front of blackboard-two points made-ask pupils to join them with the shortest line possible--this called a straight or right linejoin points with other lines not straight but curved-two straight lines drawn side by side, neither approaching nor receding from each other these parallel straight lines two lines drawn to form a corner, such corner called an angle one line standing upright on another, said to be at right angles-a ruler may be made to do duty as a moving line to show the formation of angles as acute or obtuse. II.-Ask for a figure made with three lines-compare this with the triangle of a musical band-question on number of sides and angles-sides may be all of same length-two may be equal -or all unequal-give names equilateral, isosceles-angles may be all equal, &c. After exhausting triangles, proceed to foursided figures ask for objects having four lines bounding them-show figures with opposite sides parallel-explain parallelogram -square with four sides equal, and angles, right angles-show oblong or rectangle-and so proceed to other four-sided figures, asking for examples of each at every step. III.-Make a point on board, and place many points equally distant from it round it-ask for objects of a similar shape, as wheels, coins, &c.-question on position of the first with respect to the others and give the names circle and centre-draw lines from the centre to the points in the circumference (which explain) -the lines resembling spokes of a wheel-or rays-radii (explain) -and finish lesson with diameter, semicircle, arc, chord, &c. NOTE.-During the lesson the pupils should follow on slates the work of the teacher on the blackboard, and each new word should be printed clearly, and the class practised in the pronunciation of these terms. Euclid. [All generally understood abbreviations for words may be used.] 1. Name the different parts of which every proposition consists. What is the distinction between a direct and an indirect demonstration ? Every proposition, when complete, may be divided into six parts : (1) The proposition or general enunciation, stating in general (3) The determination contains the predicate in particular (4) The construction applies the postulates to prepare the diagram for the demonstration. (5) The demonstration shows the possibility or impossibility of the problem, and the truth or falsehood of the theorem in the particular case exhibited by the diagram. (6) The conclusion is merely the repetition of the general enunciation wherein the predicate is asserted as a demonstrated truth. A demonstration is said to be direct when the predicate is inferred directly from the premisses, as the conclusion of a series of successive deductions. When a result is established by showing that some absurdity follows from supposing the required result to be untrue, the demonstration is called indirect. 2. If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to two sides of the other, each to each, and have likewise their bases equal: the angle which is contained by the two sides of the one shall be equal to the angle contained by the two sides equal to them of the other. See Prop. VIII. Bk. I. 3. If one side of a triangle be produced, the exterior angle is greater than either of the interior opposite angles. See Prop. XVI. Bk. I. |