3. In 16T. 19cwt. Oqr. 10lb. 11oz. 5dr. how many drams? 4. In 8681141 drams how many tons?

5. In 679cwt. how many pounds?

6. In 67900lb. how many cwt.?

7. What cost 17cwt. 3qr. 181b. of beef, at 7 cents per pound? Ans. $125.51.

8. What cost 48T. 17cwt. of lead at 8 cents per pound?

CLOTH MEASURE.

Ans. $7816.00.

90. Cloth Measure is used in measuring cloth, ribbons, lace, and other articles sold by the yard or ell.

NOTE. - The Ell French is 6 quarters; the Ell Scotch, 4qr. 13in.

MENTAL EXERCISES.

1. In 2 quarters how many nails? In 5qr.? In 8qr.? In 20qr.? In 25qr.? In 30qr.? In 40qr.?

2. In 3 yards how many quarters? In 7yd.? In 14yd.? In 19yd.? In 100yd.? In 200yd.?

In 8yd.?

3. How many quarters in 8 nails? In 20na.? In 48na.? 4. How many yards in 20 quarters? In 40qr.? In 100qr.?

EXERCISES FOR THE SLATE.

1. How many nails in 47 yd. 3qr. 1na. ?

90. For what is cloth measure used? longer or shorter than the ell English?

2. In 765 nails how many yards?

Repeat the table. Is the ell French
What makes an ell Scotch?

3. In 144yd. 3qr. how many quarters ?
4. In 579 quarters how many yards?
5. In 17E. E. 4qr. 3na. how many nails?
6. In 359 nails how many ells English?
7. In 126yd. Oqr. 3na. how many nails?
8. In 2019 nails how many yards?

9. What cost 49yd. 3qr. of cloth, at $2.17 per quarter?

Ans. $431.83.

10. What cost 144yd. 1qr. 3na. of cloth, at 25 cents per nail? Ans. $577.75.

LONG MEASURE.

91. Linear or Long Measure is used in measuring distances in any direction.

90. How do you reduce yards to nails? How do you reduce nails to yards? The reason for the operation? -91. How is linear or long measure used? Repeat the table.

NOTE 1.

12 lines make 1 inch; 4 inches, 1 hand; 6 feet, 1 fathom; of a degree of the circumference of the earth, 1 knot, or geographical mile, equal to 1

statute miles.

NOTE 2. - The yard is the standard unit of linear measure adopted by the United States government, and it is the same as the imperial yard of Great Britain. A metre, the unit of linear measure, as established by the French government, is equal to about 39 English inches.

87

NOTE 3.-The English statute mile is the same as that of the United States, but that of other countries differs in value from it; as the German short mile is equal to 6857 yards, or about 3 English miles; the German long mile, to 10125 yards, or about 5 English miles; the Prussian mile, to 8237 yards, or about 4 English miles; the Spanish common league, to 7416 yards, or about 4 English miles; the Spanish judicial league, to 4635 yards, or about 2 English miles.

NOTE 4. A degree of longitude is of any circle of latitude. As the circles of latitude diminish in length, the degrees of longitude vary in length under different parallels of latitude. Thus, under the equator, the length of a degree of longitude is about 69 statute miles; at 25° of latitude, 62 miles; at 40° of latitude, 53 miles; at 42° of latitude, 51 miles; at 49° of latitude, 451⁄2 miles ; at 60o, 341⁄2 miles.

MENTAL EXERCISES.

1. How many inches in 4 feet? In 10ft.? In 12ft.? In 20ft.?

2. How many feet in two yards? In 5yd.? In 20yd.? In 18yd.?

3. How many rods in 2 furlongs? In 8fur.? In 1fur.? In 30fur.? In 100fur.? In 200fur.? In 400fur.?

4. How many leagues in 9 miles? In 21m.? In 81m? In 144m.? In 40m.? In 50m.? In 80m.?

5. How many furlongs in 120 rods? In 360rd.? In 1440rd.? 6. How many yards in 99 feet? In 66ft.? In 144ft.? 7. How many feet in 108 inches? In 144in.? In 1728 in. ?

EXERCISES FOR THE SLAte.

1. In 66deg. 56m. 7fur. 37rd. 12ft. 9in. how

many inches?

91. How many lines make 1 inch? How many inches 1 hand? How many feet 1 fathom? What is the standard unit of linear measure adopted by the United States? Is the value of the mile the same in all countries? How much is a degree of longitude under the equator? At 40° of latitude? At 42° of latitude? At 60° of latitude?

To divide

NOTE. To multiply by, we take of the multiplicand. by 16, we first reduce both the divisor and dividend to halves, and then divide; and the remainder being 25 half-feet, is equal to one half as many feet, or 12ft. 6in. We adopt the same principle in dividing by 69; the remainder being 336 sixths of miles, is equal to one sixth as many miles, or 56 miles. As half a foot is equal to 6 inches we add them to the 3 inches, and have the 9 inches in the answer.

3. In 47 miles how many feet?

4. In 248160 feet how many miles?

5. In 78deg. 50m. 7fur. 30rd. 5yd. 2ft. 10in. how many inches?

6. How many degrees in 345056794 inches?

91. How do you reduce degrees to inches? The reason of the operation? How do you reduce inches to degrees? The reason for the operation? How do you multiply by ? How do you divide by 16 and find the true remainder? How do you obtain the true answer in examples of this kind?

SURVEYORS' MEASURE.

92. Surveyors' Measure is used by surveyors in measuring land, roads, &c.

NOTE. Gunter's chain, in length 4 poles, or 66 feet, and divided into 100 links, is that mostly used in ordinary land surveys; but in locating roads, and like public works, an engineer's chain is usually 100 feet in length, containing 120 links, each 10 inches long.

MENTAL EXERCISES.

1. In 2 poles how many links? In 4 poles? In 7 poles? 2. In 5 chains how many links? 3. How many poles in 50 links?

In 8cha.? In 10cha.?
In 751.? In 1251.?

92. For what is surveyors' measure used? Recite the table. How do you reduce miles to links? The reason for the operation? How do you reduce inches to chains? To miles? The reason of the operation?