reference to No. 3, which cast was taken at sixteen years of age, we find a much greater deterioration in the reflecting faculties and moral sentiments, which have receded a full inch during eight years, being the period between taking the cast No. 1 and the cast No. 3; during the latter time the perceptive faculties have got somewhat larger.

Now here is a curious fact of an alteration of the skull following the working of the brain, and, it appears to us, in perfect accordance with his occupation and the society in which he was placed during the eight years: for let it be remembered, that from the time of taking the first cast, which was at Bath, before he came to London, to the time of taking the third cast, his father was then going about from city to city, or place to place, exhibiting him for his extraordinary powers of mental calculation, and, being from the humbler walk of life, he frequently exhibited him in public houses, and in general taking up his residence in those places; it being probably not from choice, but from the convenience of there getting lodgings readily for a few nights. Now any one acquainted with the society that visits public houses is aware that very little, if any thing, was going forward that would gratify the moral sentiments or reflecting faculties; and it is in this part of the head, the seat of those organs, that we find a great deterioration going on, to the extent of one inch at least; at this time (when the third cast was taken) he was taken by the hand by some ladies and gentlemen; he was put to a superior school; and from that period he mixed in high moral and intellectual society: and mark the result which took place after he had been about three years under tuition, the whole of the time enjoying moral society with moral

precept. He then, being about nineteen years of age, came to London, and was intended for a military engineer; when we took a fourth cast of him, No. 5, by com

parison of which with No. 4, a front view of No. 3 cast, it will be seen that a great increase has taken place in the reflecting faculties and moral sentiments; the form of the skull answering the working of the brain during these three years of moral education and society; shewing, to demonstration, the effects of moral precept and direction in combination with education. It appears that he was a very short time occupied in military engineering, and that he then took to civil engineering. When he had been about two years and a half in the occupation of a civil engineer, we took a fifth cast of him, No. 6, by comparison of which with No. 5, it will be seen that the extension of the whole forehead is going on. After he had been near nine years occupied as a civil engineer, and nearly the whole time in the society of engineers of high reputation

and moral character, we took a sixth cast of him, No. 7, by which it will be observed, that a general expansion of the whole of the intellectual faculties and the moral sentiments has been going on: but to shew it more dis

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tinctly, we here give a double diagram, No. 8; the lines b, b, b, b, being taken from the fourth cast, taken at nineteen years of age, and the lines a, a, a, a, taken from the last cast, near nine years after, the whole of the time being engaged with high moral and intellectual society, and we find that the head has undergone a change in accordance with it; namely, the moral sentiments and intellectual faculties have increased during this period threeeighths of an inch in some parts, while, what to some may appear extraordinary, the propensities have got less during the same period, as will be seen by reference to the diagram; clearly developing the action that has been going on, and the form of the skull in perfect accordance with the working of the mind in the brain at the same time. Doubters, sceptics, and medical gentlemen, read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest, these extraordinary facts. But if those were the only facts where change of form have taken place we should have said but little, or have been silent on the occasion; but we are in possession of one hundred and two casts, taken at all periods of life, from eight to eighty years of age; amongst them several cases of an extraordinary nature, where propensities having been controlled, the heads in the parts corresponding have got less; and three or four cases where some of the higher sentiments have ceased to act, and the head has got less in the parts, according with the change; clearly demonstrating that a change of form of the skull takes place by absorption and deposition with the working of the brain. Hence the importance of Phrenology, in enabling us to give proper directions to the faculties, so as to inculcate true principles of morality, by exciting respect for the moral laws, and obedience to the positive laws,

What is your deduction from these principles of morality? We conclude, from these principles, that all the social virtues consist in the performance of actions useful both to society and to the individual; that they may be increased by moral direction; that they may be all traced to the physical object of the preservation of man; that Nature, having implanted in our bosoms the necessity of this preservation, imposes all the consequences arising from it as a law, and prohibits as a crime whatever counteracts the operation of this principle; and, moreover, that we are happy in exact proportion to the obedience we yield to those laws which Nature has established with a view to our happiness and preservation, the law of Nature being the regular and constant order of events according to which God rules the universe.

Then, from what has come within your notice, are you of opinion that we have the power to alter our development, and thereby produce beneficial alterations in our character ?

Certainly, that is our opinion, based upon proofs of facts, wherein is shown that alterations have been produced that will create a difficulty of any reaction of the faculties; or, more properly speaking, the power of going onward in that altered state will become more easy to accomplish.