brate it, calling together religious persons with the priests, the faithful with the clergy; inviting moreover the needy and the poor, feeding the orphans and widows: that our festivity may be for a memorial of rest to the souls departed, whose remembrance we celebrate, and to us may become a sweet savour in the sight of the eternal God." Secondly, by that which St. Cyprian writeth of Laurentinus and Ignatius: whom he acknowledgeth to have received of the Lord palms and crowns for their famous martyrdom; and yet presently addeth, "Wed offer sacrifices always for them, when we celebrate the passions and days of the martyrs with an anniversary commemoration." Thirdly, by that which we read in the author of the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, set out under the name of Dionysius the Areopagite. For where the party deceased is described by him to have departed out of this life "replenished with divine joy, as now not fearing any change to worse," being come unto the end of all his labours; and to have been both privately acknowledged by his friends, and publicly pronounced by the ministers of the Church, to be a happy man, and to be verily admitted into the "society of the saints that have been from the beginning of the world:" yet doth he declare, that the bishop made prayer for him, (upon what ground we shall afterward hear), that "Gods would forgive him all the sins that he had committed through human iufirmity, and bring him into the light and the land of the living, into the bosoms of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, into the place from whence pain and sorrow and sighing flieth." Fourthly, by the funeral ordinances of the Church, related by St. Chrysos

d Sacrificia pro eis semper, ut meministis, offerimus; quoties martyrum passiones et dies anniversaria commemoratione celebramus. Cyprian. epist. 34. op. pag. 47.

e Vid. supr. pag. 180, et 181.

Γ ὡς κοινωνὸν ὄντως ὄντα τῶν ἀπ' αἰῶνος ἁγίων, ἱερῶς ἀνακηρυττόμεvov.. Dionys. Ecclesiast. hierarch. cap. 7.Op. tom. 1. pag. 266.

* Η μὲν οὖν εὐχὴ, τῆς θεαρχικῆς ἀγαθότητος δεῖται πάντα μὲν ἀφεῖναι τὰ δι' ἀνθρωπίνην ἀσθένειαν ἡμαρτημένα τῷ κεκοιμημένῳ, κατατάξαι δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν φωτὶ καὶ χώρα ζώντων, εἰς κόλπους ̓Αβραὰμ, καὶ Ισαάκ, καὶ Ιακώβ, ἐν τόπῳ οὗ ἀπέδρα οδύνη καὶ λύπη καὶ στεναγμός. Ibid. pag. 267.

tom: which were appointed to admonish the living, that the parties deceased were in a state of joy, and not of grief. "For tell me," saith he, "what do the bright lamps mean? do we not accompany them therewith as champions? What mean the hymns ?" "Consider what thou dost sing at that time. Return my soul unto thy rest; for the Lord hath dealt bountifully with thee. And again, I will fear no evil, because thou art with me. And again, Thou art my refuge from the affliction that compasseth me. Consider what these psalms mean."

.

Fifthly, by the forms of the prayers, that are found in the ancient liturgies: as in that of the Churches of Syria, attributed unto St. Basil: "Be mindful, O Lord, of them which are dead, and are departed out of this life; and of the orthodox bishops which, from Peter and James the apostles until this day, have clearly professed the right word of faith; and, namely, of Ignatius, Dionysius, Julius, and the rest of the saints of worthy memory. Be mindful, O Lord, of them also which have stood unto blood for religion, and by righteousness and holiness have fed thy holy flock :" and, in the liturgy fathered upon the apostles, "We offer unto thee for all the saints which have pleased thee from the beginning of the world, patri

* Ειπὲ γάρ μοι τὶ βούλονται αἱ λαμπάδες αἱ φαιδραί; οὐχ ̓ ὡς ἀθλητὰς αὐτοὺς προπέμπομεν; τι δὲ οἱ ὕμνοι; Chrysost. in epist. ad Ηebr. hom. 4. op. tom. 12. pag. 46.

· Εννόησον τὶ ψάλλεις κατα τὸν καιρὸν ἐκείνον. Επίστρεψον, ψυχή μου εἰς τὴν ἀνάπαυσίν σου, ὅτι Κύριος εὐηργέτησέ σε. καὶ πάλιν, Οὐ φοβηθήσομαι κακὰ, ὅτι σὺ μετ ̓ ἐμοῦ εἰ. καὶ πάλιν, Συ' μοῦ εἰ καταφυγὴ ἀπὸ θλίψεως τῆς περιεχούσης με. ἐννόησον τι βούλονται οὗτοι οἱ ψαλpoi. Id. ibid. pag. 47.

k Memento etiam, Domine, eorum qui decesserunt migraruntque ex hac vita, et episcoporum orthodoxorum qui inde a Petro et Jacobo apostolis, ad hunc usque diem, rectum fidei verbum clare sunt professi; et nominatim Ignatii, Dionysii, Julii, ac reliquorum divorum laudabilis memoriæ. Memento, Domine, eorum quoque qui usque ad sanguinem pro religione steterunt, et gregem tuum sacrum per justitiam et sanctitatem paverunt, &c. Basilii anaphora, ab Andr. Masio, ex Syriaco conversa.

1 Έτι προσφέρομέν σοι καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντων τῶν ἀπ' αἰῶνος εὐαρηστησάντων σοι ἁγίων, πατριαρχῶν, προφητῶν, δικαίων, ἀποστόλων, μαρτύρων, ὁμολογητῶν, ἐπισκόπων, πρεσβυτέρων, διακόνων, &c. Constitut. apostolic. lib. 8. cap. 12.

archs, prophets, just men, apostles, martyrs, confessors, bishops, priests, deacons, &c." And in the liturgies of the Churches of Egypt, which carry the title of St. Basil, Gregory Nazianzen, and Cyril of Alexandria ; "BeTM mindful, O Lord, of thy saints: vouchsafe to remember all thy saints, which have pleased thee from the beginning, our holy fathers, the patriarchs, prophets, apostles, martyrs, confessors, preachers, evangelists, and all the souls of the just, which have died in the faith and especially the holy, glorious, the evermorevirgin Mary, the mother of God; and St. John the forerunner, the baptist and martyr; St. Stephen the first deacon and martyr; St. Mark the apostle, evangelist and martyr, &c." and, in the liturgy of the Church of Constantinople, ascribed to St. Chrysostom; "We" offer unto thee this reasonable service, for those who are at rest in the faith, our forefathers, fathers, patriarchs, prophets and apostles, preachers, evangelists, martyrs, confessors, religious persons, and every spirit perfected in the faith: but especially for our most holy, immaculate, most blessed lady, the mother of God and aye-virgin Mary" which kind of oblation for the saints sounding somewhat harshly in the ears of the Latins, Leo Thuscus in his translation thought best to express it to their better liking after this manner; "We offer unto thee this reasonable service

m Memento, Domine, sanctorum tuorum: dignare ut recorderis omnium sanctorum tuorum, qui tibi placuerunt ab initio, patrum nostrorum sanctorum, patriarcharum, prophetarum, apostolorum, martyrum, confessorum, evangelizantium, evangelistarum, et omnium spirituum justorum, qui obierunt in fide: et imprimis sanctæ, gloriosa, semperque virginis Dei genitricis, Mariæ; et sancti Johannis præcursoris, baptistæ et martyris; sancti Stephani protodiaconi et protomartyris ; sancti Marci apostoli, evangelistæ et martyris ; &c. Liturg. Ægyptiac. Basil. Greg. et Cyrilli, a Victorio Scialach ex Arabico convers. pag. 22, 47, et 60. edit. August. ann. 1604.

n

η "Ετι προσφέρομέν σοι τὴν λογικὴν ταύτην λατρείαν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐν πίσω τει ἀναπαυσαμένων, προπατέρων, πατέρων, πατριαρχῶν, προφητῶν καὶ ἀποστόλων, κηρύκων, εὐαγγελιστῶν, μαρτύρων, ὁμολογητῶν, ἐγκρατευ τῶν, καὶ παντὸς πνεύματος ἐν πίστει τετελειωμένου. ἐξαιρέτως τῆς παναγίας, ἀχράντου, ὑπερευλογημένης δεσποίνης ἡμῶν, θεοτόκου, καὶ ἀειπαρθένου Μαρίας. Chrysost. liturg. Græc.

Adhuc offerimus tibi rationabile hoc obsequium, pro fideliter dormientibus

for the faithfully deceased, for our fathers and forefathers, the patriarchs, prophets, apostles, martyrs, confessors, and all the saints interceding for them." As if the phrase of offering for the martyrs were not to be found in St. Chrysostom's own works; and more universally "fora the just, both the fathers and the patriarchs, the prophets and apostles, and evangelists and martyrs and confessors, the bishops, and such as led a solitary life, and the whole order;" in the suffrages of the Church, rehearsed by Epiphanius, yea, and in the western Church itself; "for" the spirits of those that are at rest, Hilary, Athanasius, Martin, Ambrose, Augustine, Fulgentius, Leander, Isidorus, &c." as may be seen in the Muzarabical office used in Spain.

Sixthly, this may be confirmed out of the funeral orations of St. Ambrose; in one whereof, touching the emperor Valentinian and his brother Gratian, thus he speaketh; "Let us believe that Valentinian is ascended from the desert, that is to say, from this dry and unmanured place unto those flowery delights; where, being conjoined with his brother, he enjoyeth the pleasure of everlasting life. Blessed are you both: if my orisons shall prevail any thing; no day shall overslip you in silence; no oration of mine shall pass you over unhonoured; no night shall run by, wherein I will not bestow upon you some portion of my prayers. With all oblations will I frequent you." In

pro patribus et proavis nostris; intervenientibus patriarchis, prophetis, apostolis, martyribus, confessoribus, et omnibus sanctis. Chrysost. liturg. Latin.

P Tí oiε Tò vπiρ μарrúρwv πроopipeσ0aι; Chrysost. homil. 21. in Act. op. tom. 9. pag. 176. et tom. 12. pag. 765.

4 Ὑπὲρ δὲ δικαίων, καὶ πατέρων καὶ πατριάρχων, προφήτων καὶ ἀποστ τόλων, καὶ εὐαγγελιστῶν καὶ μαρτύρων καὶ ὁμολογητῶν, ἐπισκόπων τέ καὶ ἀναχωρητῶν, καὶ παντὸς τοῦ τάγματος. Epiphan. hæres. 75.

r Pro spiritibus pausantium, Hilarii, Athanasii, Martini, Ambrosii, Augustini, Fulgentii, Leandri, Isidori, &c. Offic. Muzarab. apud Eugen. Roblesium, in vita Francisci Ximenii.

* Credamus quia ascendit a deserto, hoc est, ex hoc arido et inculto loco ad illas florulentas delectationes, ubi cum fratre conjunctus æternæ vitæ fruitur voluptate. Beati ambo: si quid meæ orationes valebunt: nulla dies vos silentio præteribit. Nulla inhonoratos vos mea transibit oratio. Nulla nox non donatos aliqua precum mearum contexione transcurret. Omnibus vos oblationibus frequentabo. Ambros. de obitu Valentiniani imp. op. tom. 2. pag. 1194.

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another, he prayeth thus unto God: "Give rest unto thy perfect servant Theodosius, that rest which thou hast prepared for thy saints"; and yet he had said before of him; "Theodosius" of honourable memory, being freed from doubtful fight, doth now enjoy everlasting light and continual tranquillity; and for the things which he did in this body, he rejoiceth in the fruits of God's reward: because he loved the Lord his God, he hath obtained the society of the saints." And afterward also: "Theodosius" remaineth in light, and glorieth in the company of the saints." In a third, he prayeth thus for his brother Satyrus: Almighty God, I now commend unto thee his harmless soul, to thee do I make my oblation; accept mercifully and graciously the office of a brother, the sacrifice of a priest;" although he had directly pronounced of him before, that "hey had entered into the kingdom of heaven, because he believed the word of God," and excelled in many notable virtues. Lastly, in one of his epistles he comforteth Faustinus for the death of his sister, after this manner. "Do not the carcasses of so many half-ruined cities, and the funerals of so much land exposed under one view, admonish thee; that the departure of one woman, although a holy and an admirable one, should be borne with great consolation? especially, seeing they are cast

Da requiem perfecto servo tuo Theodosio, requiem quam præparasti sanctis tuis. Id. de obitu Theodosii imp. Op. tom. 2. pag. 1207.

" Absolutus igitur dubio certamine, fruitur nunc augustæ memoriæ Theodosius luce perpetua, tranquillitate diuturna; et, pro iis quæ in hoc gessit corpore, munerationis divinæ fructibus gratulatur. Ergo quia dilexit augustæ memoriæ Theodosius Dominum Deum suum, meruit sanctorum consortia. Id. ibid.

" Manet ergo in lumine Theodosius, et sanctorum cœtibus gloriatur. Ibid. * Tibi nunc, omnipotens Deus, innoxiam commendo animam, tibi hostiam meam offero: cape, propitius ac serenus, fraternum munus, sacrificium sacerdotis. Id. de obitu fratris. Op. tom. 2. pag. 1135.

y Intravit in regnum cœlorum, quoniam credidit Dei verbo, &c. Id. ibid.

z Tot igitur semirutarum urbium cadavera, terrarumque sub eodem conspectu exposita funera; non te admonent unius, sanctæ licet et admirabilis, fœminæ decessionem consolabiliorem habendam? præsertim cum illa in perpetuum prostrata ac diruta sint; hæc autem, ad tempus quidem erepta nobis, meliorem illic vitam exigat. Itaque non tam deplorandam, quam prosequendam orationibus reor : nec mœstificandam lachrymis tuis, sed magis oblationibus animam ejus Domino commendandam arbitror. Id. epist. 39. Op. tom. 2. pag. 944.