LAND, OR SQUARE MEASURE. Land, or Square Measure, is used in measuring land or any surface. 1 yard or 3 feet. Figure 1. Explanation of this measure. A yard is 3 feet long, but a square yard is a surface 3 feet long and 3 feet wide, as figure 1. By examining this figure, we see that a space 1 foot wide and 3 feet long, contains 3 square feet; that a space 2 feet wide and 3 feet long, contains 2 times 3, or 6 square feet; and that a space 3 feet wide and 3 feet long, contains 3 times 3, or 9 square feet. It is also evident from this, that a square foot, being 12 inches long and 12 inches wide, contains 12 times 12, or 144 square inches, &c. 144 square inches make 1 square foot, 9 square feet...make 1 square yard, 2724 square feet..make 1 square rod, 40 ... ..... sign, sq. ft. .sign, sq. yd. sign, sq. rod. square rods..make 1 quarter of an acre,sign, qr. 4 quarters.....make 1 acre,. 640 acres. make 1 square mile, .... •sign, A. CUBIC, OR SOLID MEASURE. Cubic, or Solid Measure, is used in measuring bodies, or in finding the capacity of rooms, boxes, &c. Explanation of this measure. A cubic yard is a body 3 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 3 feet high, as figure 2. For what is Land, or Square Measure used? What is a square yard? Explain why a square yard contains 9 square feet. How many square inches then does a square foot contain? For what is Cubic, or Solid Measure used? What is a cubic yard? 1728 cubic inches......make 1 cubic foot, sign, cubic ft. 27 cubic feet... 16 cubic feet.. ...make 1 cubic yard, sign, cubic yd. .make 1 foot of wood, sign, ft. 8 feet of wood .......make 1 cord of wood, sign, C. 50 cubic feet of timber, make 1 ton,.... whether hewed or round S ..sign, T. .... 40 cubic feet of round timber, when is allowed for waste from knots, crooks, &c. make 1 ton, sign, T. LESSON 95. DRY MEASURE. Dry Measure is used in measuring grain, fruit, potatoes, salt, coal, and other dry articles. 2 pints, sign pt. .....make 1 quart, 8 quarts. 4 pecks 8 bushels 36 bushels. ..make 1 peck, .make 1 bushel, ....... ....... ..make 1 quarter, ....make 1 chaldron, A bushel contains 2,150.4 cubic inches. ... .. Explain why a cubic yard contains 27 cubic feet. ..... sign, qt. .sign, pk. .sign, bu. .sign, qr. sign, chal. How many cubic inches then does a cubic foot contain? For what is Dry Measure used? How many cubic inches does a bushel contain? BEER MEASURE. Beer Measure is used in measuring ale, beer, and milk. 2 pints, sign pt.......make 1 quart, ........sign, qt. .make 1 gallon, . 4 quarts. 9 gallons .... ..sign, gal. .make 1 firkin, 2 firkins .make 1 kilderkin,.. ..... 36 gallons .make 1 barrel,. sign, fir. sign, kil. sign, bl. 54 gallons .make 1 hogshead......sign, hhd. 2 hogsheads ........make 1 butt, .sign, bt. 42 gallons ..make 1 quart, .sign, pt. .sign, qt. .... .sign, gal. ..... .make 1 gallon, .make 1 barrel,. .make 1 hogshead,. ..make 1 pipe, ... ..make 1 tun, ..make 1 tierce, ..... .sign, bl. .sign, hhd. .sign, p. ..sign, T. sign, tier. 2 tierces, or 84 gals. .make 1 puncheon,.....sign, pun. In the United States of a peck, sometimes called the Dry gallon, contains 268.8 cubic inches; the Beer gallon contains 282 cubic inches, and the Wine gallon 231 cubic inches. In Great Britain, since 1826, the Imperial gallon, containing 277.274 cubic inches, has been used in place of the Dry, Beer, and Wine gallons. The casks, called hogsheads, are of various capacities, but usually contain more than 100 gallons. For what is Beer Measure used? For what is Wine Measure used? How many cubic inches does each of the different kinds of gallons used in the United States, contain? What is now used in Great Britain in place of the Dry, Beer, and Wine gallons? How much do the casks, called hogsheads, usually contain? There are 12 calendar months in a year, each of which contains 31 days, except April, June, September, and November, which have 30 days, and February, which has 28. There are really 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 49.7 seconds in a year, or nearly 365 days; so one year in four, we give to February 29 days, thereby making the year consist of 366 days; such a year is called leap year. As this allowance is a little too much, we omit 3 leap years in 400 years. Any year, at the end of a century, that can be divided by 400 without a remainder, is leap year, as 1200, 1600, 2000. Any other year that can be divided by 4 without a remainder, is also leap year, as 1836, 1840, 1844. 4 weeks are sometimes called a month. DIVISION OF CIRCLES. The circumference of every circle, whether great or small, is considered to be divided into 360 equal parts, called degrees. make 1 minute, ......sign, '. 60 seconds, sign " 60 minutes ...make 1 degree, 360 degrees ..make 1 circumference, sign, circum. How many calendar months are there in a year? How many days does each month contain? What is the real length of the year? What then is done one year in four? What is such a year called? How many leap years do we omit in 400 years? Why? What years are leap years? What are 4 weeks sometimes called? How is the circumference of every circle, whether great or small, considered to be divided? REDUCTION, OR CHANGE OF FORM OF COMPOUND NUMBERS. LESSON 97. To be performed in the mind. 1. How many ounces of butter are there in 2 pounds 3 ounces ? 2. How many yards, and how many odd feet are there in a pole 10 feet long? 13 feet long? 3. How many quarts are there in 2 bushels? In 1 bushel 2 pecks ? 4. A grocer on the 4th of July, retailed 10 quarts 1 pint of wine; how many gallons and odd quarts and pints did he sell? 5. If you are 3 hours and 5 minutes getting your lesson, how many minutes are you? 6. How many weeks are there in 28 days? In 32 days? In 37 days? 7. At 1 dollar an ounce, how much are 2 pounds of old silver worth? 3 pounds? 5 pounds? 1 pound 3 ounces? 8. How many gallons of molasses are there in 16 pints? In 76 pints? In 15 quarts? In 35 quarts; 9. How many square inches are there in 2 square feet 12 square inches? 10. A man bought 48 pecks of oats at different times, and gave $6 in payment; what price a bushel did he give? For the Slate. 11. A farmer had 5 cwt. 3 qrs. 12 lbs. of cheese; how many pounds had he? |