from papists and dissenters, but even from those who profess themselves protestants. Swift. To BRANGLE. v. n. [from the noun.] To wrangle; to squabble.

When polite conversing shall be improved, company will be no longer pestered with dull story-tellers, nor brangling disputers. Swift. BRANGLEMENT. 7. s. [from brangle.] The same with brangle. BRAʼNK. n. s. Buckwheat, or brank, is a grain very useful and advantageous in dry barren lands. Mortimer. BRA'NNY. adj. [from bran.] Having the appearance of bran.

It became serpiginous, and was, when I saw it, Covered with white branny scales. Wiseman. BRA'SEN. adj. [from brass.] Made of brass. It is now less properly written, according to the pronunciation, brazen. BRA'SIER. n. s. [from brass.] 1. A manufacturer that works in brass.

There is a fellow somewhat near the door, he should be a brasier by his face. Shakspeare. Brasiers that turn andirons, pots, kettles, &c. have their lathe made different from the common turners lathe. Moxon.

A pan to hold coal. [probably from embraser, Fr.]

It is thought they had no chimneys, but were warmed with coals on brasiers. Arbuthnot. BRASIL. s. An American wood, BRAZIL. Commonly supposed to have been thus denominated, because first brought from Brasil, though Huet shews it had been known by that name many years before the discovery of that country; and the best sort comes from Fernambuc. It is used by turners, and takes a good polish; but chiefly in dying, though it gives but a spurious red.

Chambers. BRASS. n. s. [brar, Sax. prés, Welsh.] 1. A yellow metal made by mixing copper with lapis calaminaris. It is used, in popular language, for any kind of metal in which copper has a part.

Brass is made of copper and calaminaris. Bacon, Men's evil manners live in brass, their virtues we write in water, Shakspeare.

Let others mold the running mass Of metals, and inform the breathing brass. Dryd. 2. Impudence.

BRA'SSINESS. n. s. [from brassy.] An appearance like brass; some quality of

brass.

BRA'SSY. adj. [from brass.]

1. Partaking of brass.

The part in which they lie, is near black, with some sparks of a brassy pyrites in it. Woodzvard. 2. Hard as brass.

Losses,

Enough to press a royal merchant down,

And pluck commiseration of his state
From brassy bosoms, and rough hearts of flint.
Shakspeare.

3. Impudent.
BRAST. particip adj. [from burst.] Burst;
broken. Obsolete.

There creature never past, That back returned without heavenly grace, Bus dreadful furies which their chains have brast,

agast.

And damned sprights sent forth to make ill men Spenser. BRAT. n. s. [its etymology is uncertain; bratt, in Saxon, signifies a blanket; from which, perhaps, the modern signification may have come.]

1. A child, so called in contempt.
He leads them like a thing

Made by some other deity than nature,
That shapes man better; and they follow him,
Against us brats, with no less confidence
Than boys pursuing summer butterflies. Shaksp
This brat is none of mine:

Hence with it, and, together with the dam,
Commit them to the fire.
Shakspeare.
The friends, that got the brats, were poison'd

too;

In this sad case what could our vermin do? Rosc. Jupiter summoned all the birds and beasts before him, with their brats and little ones, to see which of them had the prettiest children.L'Estr.

I shall live to see the invisible lady, to whom I was obliged, and whom I never beheld since she was a brat in hanging sleeves.

I give command to kill or save,
Can grant ten thousand pounds a-year,
And make a beggar's brat a peer.

2. The progeny; the offspring.

Swift.

Swift.

South.

The two late conspiracies were the brats and offspring of two contrary factions. BRAVA DO. n. s. [from bravada, Span.] A boast; a brag.

Spain, to make good the bravado, Names it the invincible Armado. Anonymous. BRAVE. adj. [brave, Fr.] 1. Courageous; daring; bold; generous; high-spirited.

An Egyptian soothsayer made Antonius believe, that his genius, which otherways was brave and confident, was, in the presence of Octavius Cæsar, poor and cowardly. Bacon. From armed foes to bring a royal prize, Shows your brave heart victorious as your eyes. Waller.

2. Gallant; having a noble mien; lofty; graceful.

I'll prove the prettier fellow of the two, And wear my dagger with a braver grace. Shaks, 3. Magnificent; grand.

Rings put upon his fingers, And brave attendants near him, when he wakes; Would not the beggar then forget himself? Shak. But whosoe'er it was nature design'd First a brave place, and then as brave a mind. Denbam.

4. Excellent; noble: it is an indeter minate word, used to express the superabundance of any valuable quality in men or things.

Let not old age disgrace my high desire; O heavenly soul, in human shape contain'd! Old wood inflam'd doth yield the bravest fire, When younger doth in smoke his virtue spend. Sidney

If there be iron ore, and mills, iron is a brave commodity where wood aboundeth. Basen If a statesman has not this science, he must be subject to a braver man than himself, whose province it is to direct all his actions to this end. Digby

BRAVE. n. s. [brave, Fr.]

1. A hector; a man daring beyond decency or discretion.

Hot braves, like thee, may fight, but know

not well

To manage this, the last great stake. Drift

Morat 's too insolent, too much a brave; His courage to his envy is a slave. Dryden. 2. A boast; a challenge; a defiance.

Thereend thy brave, and turn thy face in peace; We grant thou canst outscold us. Shakspeare. To BRAVE. v. a. [from the noun.] 1.To defy; to challenge; to set at defiance. He upbraids Iago, that he made him Brave me upon the watch:

Shakspeare. My nobles leave me, and my state is brav'd, Ev'n at my gates, with ranks of foreign powers. Shakspeare.

The ills of love, not those of fate, I fear; These I can brave, but those I cannot bear. Dryd. Like a rock unmov'd, a rock that braves The raging tempest, and the rising waves. Dryd. 2. To carry a boasting appearance of.

Bacon.

Both particular persons and factions are apt enough to flatter themselves, or, at least, to brave that which they believe not. BRA'VELY. adj. [from brave.] In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; splendidly.

Martin Swart, with his Germans, performed bravely. Bacon.

No fire, nor foe, nor fate, nor night, The Trojan hero did affright, Who bravely twice renew'd the fight. Denbam. Your valour bravely did th' assault sustain, And fill'd the motes and ditches with the slain. Dryden.

BRAVERY. n. s. [from brave.] 1. Courage; magnanimity; generosity; gallantry.

It denotes no great bravery of mind, to do that out of a desire of fame, which we could not be prompted to by a generous passion for the glory of him that made us.

Spectator.

Juba, to all the bravery of a hero, Adds softest love and more than female sweetAddison.

ness.

2. Splendour; magnificence.

Where all the bravery that eye may see, And all the happiness that heart desire, Is to be found."

3. Show; ostentation.

Spenser.

Let princes choose ministers more sensible of duty than of rising, and such as love business rather upon conscience than upon bravery. Bacon. 4. Bravado; boast.

Never could man, with more unmanlike bravery, use his tongue to her disgrace, which lately had sung sonnets of her praises. Sidney.

For a bravery upon this occasion of power, they crowned their new king in the cathedral church of Dublin. Bacon.

There are those that make it a point of bravery, to bid defiance to the oracles of divine revelation. L'Estrange. BRA'VO. n. s. [bravo, Ital.] A man who murders for hire.

For boldness, like the bravoes and banditti, is seldom employed, but upon desperate services. Government of the Tongue. No bravoes here profess the bloody trade, Nor is the church the murd'rer's refuge made. Gay. To BRAWL. v. n. [brouiller, or brauler, French.]

1. To quarrel noisily and indecently.

She troubled was, alas! that it might be, With tedious brawlings of her parents dear.

Sidney.

Here comes a man of comfort, whose advice Hath often still'd my brawling discontent. Shak. VOL. I.

The flinty ribs of this contemptuous city. Shaks.
In council she gives licence to her tongue,
Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong. Dryd.

Leave all noisy contest, all immodest clamours, brazuling language, and especially all personal scandal and scurrility, to the meanest part of the vulgar world. Watts.

2. To speak loudly and indecently. His divisions, as the times do brawl, Are in three heads; one pow'r against the French, And one against Glendower. Shakspeare. 3. To make a noise. This is little used. As he lay along

Under an oak, whose antique root peeps out Upon the brook that brawls along this wood. Shakspeare. BRAWL. n. s. [from the verb.] Quarrel; noise; scurrility.

He findeth, that controversies thereby are made but brawls; and therefore wisheth, that, in some lawful assembly of churches, all these strifes may be decided. Hooker. Never since that middle summer's spring Met we on hill, in dale, forest, or mead, But with thy brawls thou hast disturb'd our sport. Shakspeare.

That bonum is an animal,

Made good with stout polemick brawl. Hudibras. BRAWLER. n.s. [from brawl.] A wrangler; a quarrelsome, noisy fellow.

An advocate may incur the censure of the court, for being a brawler in court, on purpose to lengthen out the cause. Ayliffe. BRAWN. n. s. [of uncertain etymology.] 1. The fleshy or musculous part of the body.

The brawn of the arm must appear full, shadowed on one side; then shew the wrist-bone thereof. Peacham.

But most their looks on the black monarch

bend,

His rising muscles and his brawn commend; His double biting ax, and beamy spear, Each asking a gigantick force to rear. Dryden. 2. The arm, so called for its being mus culous.

I'll hide my silver beard in a gold beaver, And in my vantbrace put this wither'd braun. Shakspeare. I had purpose Once more to hew thy target from thy brawn. Shakspeare.

3.

Bulk; muscular strength.

The boist'rous hands are then of use, when I, With this directing head, those hands apply; Brawn without brain is thine.

4. The flesh of a boar.

Dryden.

The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which time it is best to geld him, or sell him for brawn. Mortimer.

5. A boar. BRA'WNER. n. s. [from brawn.] A boar killed for the table.

At Christmas time be careful of your fame; See the old tenant's table be the same; Then if you would send up the brawner head, Sweet rosemary and bays around it spread. King. BRA'WNINESS. n. s. [from brawny.] Strength; hardiness.

This brawniness and insensibility of mind, is the best armour against the common evils and accidents of life. Locke

BRA'WNY. adj. [from brawn.] Musculous; fleshy; bulky; of great muscles and strength.

The brawny fool, who did his vigour boast, In that presuming confidence was lost. Dryden. The native energy

Turns all into the substance of the tree; Starves and destroys the fruit; is only made For brawny bulk, and for a barren shade. Dryd. To BRAY. v. a. [bɲacan, Sax. braier, Fr.] To pound, or grind small.

I'll burst him; I will bray His bones as in a mortar.

Chapman.

Baron.

Except you would bray Christendom in a mortar, and mould it into a new paste, there is no possibility of a holy war. To BRAY. v. n. [broire, Fr. barrio, Lat.] 1. To make a noise as an ass.

1. One that brays like an ass.
Hold! cried the queen; a cat-call each shall
win;

Equal your merits, equal is your din!
But, that this well-disputed game may end,
Sound forth, my brayers! and the welkin rend.
Pope.

2. [With printers; from To bray, or beat.] An instrument to temper the ink.

To BRAZE. v. a. [from brass.] 1. To solder with brass.

If the nut be not to be cast in brass, but only hath a worm brazed into it, this niceness is not so absolutely necessary, because that worm is first turned up, and bowed into the grooves of the spindle; and you may try that before it is brazed in the nut. Moxon.

2. To harden to impudence.

I have so often blushed to acknowledge him, that now I am braz'd to it. Shaksp. K. Lear. If damned custom hath not bruz'd it so, That it is proof and bulwark against sense. Shak. BRAZEN. adj. [from brass.] 1. Made of brass.

guage.

You do, if you suspect me in any dishonesty. -Well said, brazenface; hold it out. Shaksp. BRA'ZEN FACED. adj. [from brazenface.] Impudent; shameless.

What a brazenfaced varlet art thou, to deny thou knowest me? Is it two days ago, since I tript up thy heels, and beat thee before the king? Shakspeare. Quick-witted, brazenfac'd, with fluent tongues, Patient of labours, and dissembling wrongs. BRAʼZENNESS. n. s. [from brazen.] i. Appearance like brass. 2. Impudence.

BRAʼZIER. n. s. See BRASIER.

Dryden.

The halfpence and farthings in England, if you should sell them to the brazier, you would not lose above a penny in a shilling. Strift. BREACH. n. s. [from break; breche, Fr.] The act of breaking any thing. This tempest,

1.

Dashing the garment of this peace, aboded
The sudden breach on 't.
Shakspeare.

2. The state of being broken.

O you kind gods!

Cure this great breach in his abused nature. Shak. 3. A gap in a fortification made by a battery.

The wall was blown up in two places; by which breach the Turks seeking to have entered, made bloody fight. Knolles.

Till mad with rage upon the breach he fir'd, Slew friends and foes, and in the smoke retir'd. Dryden.

4. The violation of a law or contract. That oath would sure contain them greatly, or the breach of it bring them to shorter vengeance. Spenser.

5.

What are those breaches of the law of nature and nations, which do forfeit all right in a nation to govern? Bacen. Breach of duty towards our neighbours, still involves in it a breach of duty towards God.

But th' heedful boatman strongly forth did
stretch

His brawny arms, and all his body strain;
That th' utmost sandy breach they shortly fetch,
While the dread danger does behind remain.
Spenser

6. Difference; quarrel; separation of kind

Trumpeters,

With brazen din blast you the city's ear,
Make mingle with your rattling tabourines. Shak.

It would have been long before the jealousies and breaches between the armies would have been composed. Clarendon.

7. Infraction; injury.

This breach upon kingly power was without precedent. Clarendon.

BREAD. n. s. [breod, Saxon.]

1. Food made of ground corn.

Mankind have found the means to make grain

into bread, the lightest and properest aliment for human bodies. Arbuthnot. Bread, that decaying man with strength supplies,

And generous wine, which thoughtful sorrow flies.

Pope. 2., Food in general, such as nature requires: to get bread, implies, to get sufficient for support without luxury. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Genesis.

If pretenders were not supported by the simplicity of the inquisitive fools, the trade would not find them bread. L'Estrange. This dowager on whom my tale I found, A simple sober life in patience led, And had but just enough to buy her bread.

Dryden.

When I submit to such indignities, Make me a citizen, a senator of Rome; To sell my country, with my voice, for bread. Philips. I neither have been bred a scholar, a soldier, nor to any kind of business; this creates uneasiness in my mind, fearing I shall in time want Spectator.

bread.

3. Support of life at large.

God is pleased to try our patience by the ingratitude of those who, having eaten of our bread, have lift up themselves against us.

King Charles.

But sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed: What then? is the reward of virtue bread? Pope. BREAD-CHIPPER. n. s. [from bread and chip.] One that chips bread; a baker's servant; an under butler.

No abuse, Hal, on my honour; no abuse Not to dispraise me, and call me pantler, and bread-chipper, and I know not what? Shaksp. BREAD-CORN. n. s. [from bread and corn.] Corn of which bread is made.

There was not one drop of beer in the town; the bread, and bread-corn, sufficed not for six days. Hayrvard.

When it is ripe, they gather it, and, bruising it among bread-corn, they put it up into a vessel, and keep it as food for their slaves. Broome. BREAD-ROOM. n. s. [In a ship.] A part of the hold separated by a bulkhead from the rest, where the bread and biscuit for the men are kept. BREADTH. n. s. [from bɲad, broad, Saxon.] The measure of any plain superficies from side to side.

There is, in Ticinum, a church that hath windows only from above; it is in length an hundred feet, in breadth twenty, and in height near fifty; having a door in the midst. Bacon.

The river Ganges, according unto later relations, if not in length, yet in breadth and depth, may excel it. Brown.

Then all approach the slain with vast surprize, · Admire on what a breadth of earth he lies. Dryd. In our Gothick cathedrals, the narrowness of the arch makes it rise in height; the lowness opens it in breadth. Addison.

To BREAK. v. a. pret. I broke, or brake; part. pass. broke, or broken. [bɲeccan, Saxon.]

1. To part by violence.

When I brake the five loaves among five thousand, how many baskets of fragments took ye up? Mark. Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us. Psalms. Isaiah.

A bruised reed shall he not break.

O fatlier abbot!

An old man, broken with the storms of state,
Is come to lay his weary bones among ye;
Give him a little earth for charity. Shakspeare.
The breaking of that parliament
Broke him; as that dishonest victory
At Charonea, fatal to liberty,
Kill'd with report that old man eloquent. Milt.
Have not some of his vices weakened his
body, and broke his health? have not others dis-
sipated his estate, and reduced him to want?
Tillotson.

7. To sink or appal the spirit.

The defeat of that day was much greater than it then appeared to be; and it even broke the heart of his army. Glarendon.

I'll brave her to her face; I'll give my anger its free course against her: Thou shalt see, Phenix, how I'll break her pride. Philips.

8. To crush; to shatter.

Your hopes without are vanish'd into smoke; Your captains taken, and your armies broke. Dryden.

9. To weaken the mental faculties.
Opprest nature sleeps:
This rest might yet have balm'd thy broken senses,
Which, if conveniency will not allow,
Stand in hard cure.

Shakspeare.

If any dabbler in poetry dares venture upon the experiment, he will only break his brains. Felton.

10. To tame; to train to obedience; to enure to docility.

What boots it to break a colt, and to let him straight run loose at random? Spenser. Why, then thou can'st not break her to the lute

-Why, no; for she hath broke the lute to me. Shakspeare.

So fed before he 's broke, he 'll bear Too great a stomach patiently to feel The lashing whip, or chew the curbing steel. May. That hot-mouth'd beast that bears against the

curb,

Hard to be broken even by lawful kings. Dryd.

No sports but what belong to war they know; To break the stubborn colt, to bend the bow.

Dryden.

Virtues like these Make human nature shine, reform the soul, And break our fierce barbarians into men. Addis

Break their talk, mistress Quickly; my kinsman shall speak for himself. Shakspeare. 18. To intercept.

Spirit of wine, mingled with common water, yet so as if the first fall be broken, by means of a sop, or otherwise, it stayeth above. Bacon.

Think not my sense of virtue is so small; I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall. Dryden.

As one condemn'd to leap a precipice, Who sees before his eyes the depth below, Stops short, and looks about for some kind shrub To break his dreadful fall. Dryden.

She held my hand, the destin'd blow to break, Then from her rosy lips began to speak. Dryd. 19. To interrupt.

Some solitary cloister will I choose; Coarse my attire, and short shall be my sleep, Broke by the melancholy midnight bell. Dryden.

The father was so moved, that he could only command his voice, broke with sighs and sobAddison. bings, so far as to bid her proceed..

The poor shade shiv'ring stands, and must not break

His painful silence, till the mortal speak. Tickel. Sometimes in broken words he sigh'd his care, Look'd pale, and trembled, when he view'd the fair.

20. To separate company.

Gay.

Did not Paul and Barnabas dispute with that vehemence, that they were forced to break company? Atterbury.

21. To dissolve any union.

It is great folly, as well as injustice, to break off se noble a relation. Collier.

22. To reform: with of

The French were not quite broken of it, until some time after they became christians. Grew. 23. To open something new; to propound something by an overture: as if a seal were opened.

When any new thing shall be propounded, no counsellor should suddenly deliver any positive opinion, but only hear it, and, at the most, but to break it, at first, that it may be the better understood at the next meeting. Bacon

*

I, who much desir'd to know Of whence she was, yet fearful how to break My mind, adventur'd humbly thus to speak. Dryden 24. To break the back. To strain or dislocate the vertebres with too heavy burdens.

I'd rather crack my sinews, break my back, Than you should such dishonour undergo. Shak 25. To break the back. To disable one's fortune. O, many

Have broke their backs with laying manors on 'em, For this great journey. Shakspeare. 26. To break a deer. To cut it up at table.

27. To break fast. To eat the first time in the day.

28. To break ground. To plough.

When the price of corn falleth, men generally give over surplus tillage, and break no more ground than will serve to supply their own turn. Carew

The husbandman must first break the land, before it be made capable of good seed. Davies. 29. To break ground. To open trenches. 30. To break the heart. To destroy with grief.

Good my lord, enter here.-Will't break my beart?

I'd rather break mine orun.

Shakspeare.

Should not all relations bear a part?

It were enough to break a single beart. Dryden. 31. To break a jest. To utter a jest unexpected.

32. To break the neck. "the neck joints.

To lux, or put out

I had as lief thou didst break bis neck, as his fingers. Shakspeare. 33. To break off. To put a sudden stop to; to interrupt.

34. To break off. To preclude by some obstacle suddenly interposed.

To check the starts and sallies of the soul, And break off all its commerce with the tongue. Addison,

35. To break up. To dissolve; to put a sudden end to.

Who cannot rest till he good fellows find; He breaks up house, turns out of doors his mind. Herbert.

He threatened, that the tradesmen would beat out his teeth, if he did not retire, and break up the meeting. Arbuthnot

36. To break up. To open; to lay open. Shells being lodged amongst mineral matter, when this comes to be broke up, it exhibits im pressions of the shells. Woodward.

37. To break up. To separate or disband. After taking the strong city of Belgrade, Solyman, returning to Constantinople, broke up his army, and there lay still the whole year following. Knolles. 38. To break upon the wheel, To punish