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The best, with whom we may articulate For their own good and ours.

Shakspeare.

To ARTICULATE. v. n. To speak distinctly.

ARTICULATELY. adv. [from articulate.] In an articulate voice.

The secret purpose of our heart, no less artiulately spoken to God, who needs not our words to discern our meaning. Decay of Piety. ARTICULATENESS. n. s. [from articulate.] The quality of being articulate. ARTICULATION. n. s. [from articulate.] 1. The juncture, or joint of bones.

With relation to the motion of the bones in their articulations, there is a two-fold liquor prepared for the inunction and lubrification of their heads, an oily one, and a mucilaginous, supplied by certain glandules seated in the articulations.

2. The act of forming words.

Ray.

I conceive that an extreme small, or an extreme great sound, cannot be articulate, but that the articulation requireth a mediocrity of sound. Bacon.

Holder.

By articulation I mean a peculiar motion and figure of some parts belonging to the mouth, between the throat and lips. 3. [In botany.] The joints or knots in some plants, as the cane. ARTIFICE. n. s. [artificium, Lat.] 1. Trick; fraud; stratagem.

It needs no legends, no service in an unknown tongue; none of all these laborious artifices of ignorance; none of all these cloaks and coverings. South. 2. Art; trade; skill obtained by science or practice.

ARTIFICER. n. s. [artifex, Lat.]

I. An artist; a manufacturer; one by whom any thing is made.

The lights, doors, and stairs, rather directed to the use of the guest, than to the eye of the artificer. Sidney. The great artificer would be more than ordinarily exact in drawing his own picture. Sauth. In the practices of artificers, and the manufactures of several kinds, the end being proposed, we find out ways. Locke. 2. A forger; a contriver.

He, soon aware,

Each perturbation smooth'd with outward calm,
Artificer of fraud! and was the first
That practis'd falsehood, under saintly shew.

Milton.

Th' artificer of lies Renews th' assault, and his last batt'ry tries. Dryden.

3. A dexterous or artful fellow. Not in

use.

Let you alone, cunning artificer. Ben Jonson. ARTIFICIAL. adj. [artificiel, Fr.] 1. Made by art; not natural.

Basilius used the artificial day of torches to lighten the sports their inventions could contrive. Sidney.

The curtains closely drawn the light to skreen, As if he had contriv'd to lie unseen: Thus cover'd with an artificial night, Sleep did his office.

Dryden. There is no natural motion perpetual; yet it doth not hinder but that it is possible to contrive such an artificial revolution.

2. Fictitious; not genuine.

Wilkins.

Why, I can smile, and murder while I smile,

And cry, Content, to that which grieves my heart,

And wet my cheeks with artificial tears. Sbaks.

The resolution which we cannot reconcile to public good, has been supported by an obsequious party, and then with usual methods confirmed by an artificial majority. Swift.

3. Artful; contrived with skill.

These seem to be the more artificial, as those of a single person the more natural governments. ARTIFICIAL Arguments. [In rhetorick.] Temple. Are proofs on considerations which arise from the genius, industry, or invention of the orator; which are thus called, to distinguish them from laws, authorities, citations, and the like, which are said to be inartificial arguments. ARTIFICIAL Lines, on a sector or scale, are lines so contrived as to represent the logarithmick sines and tangents; which, by the help of the line and numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, &c. Chambers. ARTIFICIAL Numbers, are the same with logarithms.

ARTIFICIALLY. adv. [from artificial.] 1. Artfully; with skill; with good con trivance.

How cunningly he made his faultiness less, how artificially he set out the torments of his own conscience. Sidney. Should any one be cast upon a desolate island, and find there a palace artificially contrived, and curiously adorned. Ray.

2. By art; not naturally.

It is covered on all sides with earth, crumbled into powder, as if it had been artificially sifted Addison

ARTIFICIALNESS. n.s. [from artificial.]

Artfulness.

Dict.

ARTIFI'CIOUS. adj. [from artifice.] The same with artificial. ARTILLERY. n. s. It has no plural. [artillerie, Fr.]

1. Weapons of war: always used of missive weapons.

And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them unto the city. 1 Samuel.

2. Cannon; great ordnance.

Have I not heard great ordnance in the field, And heav'n's artillery thunder in the skies? Sbaž I'll to the tow'r with all the haste I can, To view th' artillery and ammunition. Shaks. Upon one wing the artillery was drawn, being sixteen pieces, every piece having pioneers to plain the ways. Hayward.

He that views a fort to take it, Plants his artillery 'gainst the weakest place. Denbaar.

ARTISAʼN. n. s. [French.]

1. Artist; professor of an art.
What are the most judicious artisans, but the
mimicks of nature? Wotton's Architecture.

Best and happiest artisan,
Best of painters, if you can,
With your many-colour'd art,
Draw the mistress of my heart.
2. Manufacturer; low tradesman.

Guardian.

I who had none but generals to oppose me, must have an artisan for my antagonist, dedison.

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Rich with the spoils of many a conquer'd land, All arts and artists Theseus could command, Who sold for hire, or wrought for better fanie: The master painters and the carvers came. Dryd. When I made this, an artist undertook to imitate it; but using another way fell much short. Newton's Opticks.

2. A skilful man; not a novice.

If any one thinks himself an artist at this, let him number up the parts of his child's body. Locke.

A'RTLESLY. adv. [from artless.]

1. In an artless manner; without skill. 2. Naturally; sincerely; without craft.

Nature and truth, though never so low or vulgar, are yet pleasing, when openly and artlesly represented. Pepe. ARTLESS. adj. [from art and less.] 1. Unskilful; wanting art: sometimes with the particle of.

The high-shoed plowman, should he quit the land,

Artless of stars, and of the moving sand. Dryd.
2. Void of fraud; as, an artless maid.
3. Contrived without skill; as, an artless
tale.

ARUNDINA CEOUS. adj. [arundinaceus,
Lat.] Of or like reeds.
Dict.
ARUNDI'NEOUs. adj. [arundineus, Lat.]
Abounding with reeds.
As. conjunct. [als, Teut.]

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Gay's Preface to What d'ye call it. 6. Like; of the same kind with.

A simple idea is one uniform idea, as sweet, bitter. Watts.

7. In the same degree with.

Where you, unless you are as matter blind, 'Conduct and beauteous disposition find.

Blackmore.

Well hast thou spoke, the blue-ey'd maid re

plies,

Thou good old man, benevolent as wise. Pope. 8. As if; according to the manner that would be if.

The squire began nigher to approach,
And wind his horn under the castle-wall,
That with the noise it shook as it would fall.
Fairy Queen
They all contended to creep into his humour,
and to do that, as of themselves, which they con-
Hayward.
ceived he desired they should do.

Contented in a nest of snow
He lies, as he his bliss did know,
And to the wood no more would go.

Waller

So hot th' assault, so high the tumult rose,
As all the Dardan and Argolick race
Had been contracted in that narrow space. Dryd

Can misery no place of safety know?
The noise pursues me wheresoe'er I go,
As fate sought only me. Dryden's Aurengzebc.

1. In the same manner with something 9. According to what.

else.

When thou dost hear I am as I have been,
Approach me, and thou shalt be as thou wast.
Shakspeare.

In singing, as in piping, you excel;
And scarce your master could perform so well.
Dryden.

I live as I did, I think as I did, I love you as I did; but all these are to no purpose: the world will not live, think, or love, as I do. Swift. . In the manner that.

I could not bear his fate

Mad as I was,
With silent grief, but loudly blam'd the state.
Dryden's Æneid.

The landlord, in his shirt as he was, taking a andle in one hand, and a drawn sword in the other, ventured out of the room. Arbuth. Pope. 3. That: in a consequential sense.

The cunningest mariners were so conquered by the storm, as they thought it best with stricken sails to yield to be governed by it. Sidney.

He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness.

Wutton.

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Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, bug
ministers by whom ye believed, even as the Lord
gave to every man?
1 Corinth.

Their figure being printed,
As just before, I think, I hinted,
Alma inform'd can try the case.

Prior.

The republick is shut up in the great duke's dominions, who at present is very much incensed against it. The occasion is as follows. Addison, 10. As it were; in some sort.

As for the daughters of king Edward iv. they thought king Richard had said enough for them; and took them to be but as of the king's party, because they were in his power, and at his disposal. Bacon's Henry VII. II. While; at the same time that. At either end it whistled as it flew, And as the brands were green, so dropp'd the dew;

Infected as it fell with sweat of sanguine hue.

Dryden

These haughty words Alecto's rage provoke, And frighted Turnus trembled as she spoke. Dryden.

So the pure limpid stream, when foul with stains

Of rushing torrents, and descending rains, Works itself clear, and as it runs refines. Addis. 12. Because.

He that commanded the injury to be done, is first bound; then he that did it; and they also are obliged who did so assist, as without them the thing could not have been done. Taylor 13. Because it is; because they are.

The kernels draw out of the earth juice fit to nourish the tree, as those that would be trees themselves. Bacon.

14. Equally.

Before the place

A hundred doors a hundred entries grace;
As many voices issue, and the sound

Of Sybil's words as many times rebound. Dryd. 15. How; in what manner.

Men are generally permitted to publish books, and contradict others, and even themselves, as they please, with as little danger of being_confuted, as of being understood. Boyle. 16. With; answering to like or same. Sister, well met; whither away so fast?-Upon the like devotion as yourselves, To gratulate the gentle princes there. 17. In a reciprocal sense, answering to as. Every offence committed in the state of nature, may, in the state of nature, be also punished, and as far forth as it may in a commonwealth. Locke.

Shaks.

As sure as it is good, that human nature should exist; so certain it is, that the circular revolutions of the earth and planets, rather than other motions which might as possibly have been, do declare God.

Bentley.

18. Going before as, in a comparative sense; the first as being sometimes un derstood.

Sempronius is as brave a manas Cato. Addison
Bright as the sun, and like the morning fair.
Granville.

19. Answering to such.

Is it not every man's interest, that there should be such a government of the world as designs our happiness, as would govern us for our advantage? Tillotson. 20. Having so to answer it; in a conditional sense.

As far as they carry light and conviction to any other man's understanding, so far, I hope, my labour may be of use to him. Locke.

21. So is sometimes understood.

As in my speculations I have endeavoured to extinguish passion and prejudice, I am still desirous of doing some good in this particular.

Spectator.

Dryden.

22. Answering to so conditionally. So may th' auspicious queen of love To thee, O sacred ship, be kind; As thou to whom the muse commends The best of poets and of friends, Dost thy committed pledge restore. 23. Before bow it is sometimes redundant; but this is in low language. As how, dear Syphax? 24. It seems to be redundant before yet; to this time.

Addison's Cato.

Though that war continued nine years, and this hath as yet lasted but six, yet there hath been much more action in the present war.

Addison.

25. In a sense of comparison, followed by so.

As when a dab-chick waddles through the copse

On feet and wings, and flies, and wades, and hops; So lab'ring on, with shoulders, hands, and head, Wide as a windmill all his figure spread. Pope. 26. AS FOR; with respect to.

As for the rest of those who have written against me, they deserve not the least notice. Dryden's Fables, Preface. 27. As IF; in the same manner that it would be if.

Locke,

'Answering their questions, as if it were a matter that needed it. VOL. I.

28. As To; with respect to.

I pray thee speak to me as to thy thinkings, As thou dost ruminate; and give thy worst of thoughts

The worst of words. Shakspeare's Othello. They pretend, in general, to great refinements, as to what regards christianity. Addison on Italy.

I was mistaken as to the day, placing that accident about thirty-six hours sooner than it happened. Swift.

29. AS WELL AS; equally with. Each man's mind has some

peculiarity, as well as his face, that distinguishes him from all others. Locke.

It is adorned with admirable pieces of sculp ture, as well modern as ancient." Addison.

30. AS THOUGH; as if.

These should be at first gently treated, as though we expected an imposthumation.

Sharp's Surgery.

A'SA DULCIS. See BENZOIN. A'SA FOETIDA. n. s. A gum or reA'SSA FOETIDA. sin brought from the East Indies, of a sharp taste, and a strong offensive smell; which is said to distil, during the heat of summer, from a little shrub. Chambers. ASARAB CCA. n. s. [asarum, Lat.] A plant. ASBE'STINE. adj. [from asbestos.] Some

thing incombustible, or that partakes of the nature and qualities of the lapis asbestos.

ASBESTOS. n. s. [ãober] A sort of native fossil stone, which may be split into threads and filaments from one inch to ten inches in length, very fine, brittle, yet somewhat tractable, silky, and of a greyish colour. It is almost insipid to the taste, indissoluble in water, and endued with the wonderful property of remaining unconsumed in the fire. But in two trials before the Royal Society, a piece of cloth made of this stone was found to lose a dram of its weight each time. This stone is found in Anglesey in Wales, and in Aberdeenshire in Scotland. Chambers.

ASCA'RIDES. n. s. [åoungides, from doxagw, to leap.] Little worms in the rectum, so called from their continual troublesome motion, causing an intolerable itching. Quincy.

To ASCEʼND. v. n. [ascendo, Lat.]
1. To move upward; to mount; to rise.
Then to the heav'n of heav'ns shall he ascend,
With victory, triumphing through the air
Over his foes and thine.

2.

Milton

To proceed from one degree of good to another.

By these steps we shall ascend to more just ideas of the glory of Jesus Christ, who is intimately united to God, and is one with him. Watts' Improvement of the Mind.

3. To stand higher in genealogy.

The only incest was in the ascending, not collateral branch; as when parents and children Breeme. married, this was accounted incest.

To ASCEND. v. a. To climb up any thing. They ascend the mountains, they descend the Delancy's

vallies.

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Revelation examined.

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Hasgiv'n thee an ascendant o'er my mind. Dryd. When they have got an ascendant over them, they should use it with moderation, and not make themselves scarecrows. 4. One of the degrees of kindred reckoned upward.

Locke.

The most nefarious kind of bastards, are incestuous bastards, which are begotten between ascendants and descendants in infinitum; and between collaterals, as far as the divine prohibition. Ayliffe's Parergon. ASCENDANT. adj. 1. Superiour; predominant; overpowering.

Christ outdoes Moses, before he displaces him; and shews an ascendant spirit above him. South. 2. In an astrological sense, above the horizon.

Let him study the constellation of Pegasus, which is about that time ascendant. Brown. ASCENDENCY. n. s. [from ascend.] Influence; power.

Custom has some ascendency over understanding, and what at one time seemed decent, appears disagreeable afterwards. Watts. ASCENSION. n. s. [ascensio, Lat.] 1. The act of ascending or rising frequently applied to the visible elevation of our Saviour to heaven.

Then rising from his grave, Spoil'd principalities, and pow'rs, triumph'd In open shew; and, with ascension bright, Captivity led captive through the air. Par.Lost. 2. The thing rising, or mounting.

Men err in the theory of inebriation, conceiving the brain doth only suffer from vaporous ascensions from the stomach. Brown's Vulgar Er. ASCENSION, in astronomy, is either right or oblique. Right ascension of the sun, or a star, is that degree of the equinoctial, counted from the beginning of Aries, which rises with the sun or star in a right sphere. Oblique ascension is an arch of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator which rises together with a star in an oblique sphere. ASCENSION-DAY. The day on which the ascension of our Saviour is commemorated, commonly called Holy Thursday; the Thursday but one be fore Whitsuntide. ASCENSIONAL Difference, is the difference between the right and oblique ascension of the same point to the surface of the sphere. Chambers.

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3.

Milton.

The temple, and the several degrees of ascent whereby men did climb up to the same, as if it had been a scala cali, be all poetical and fabulous. Bacon.

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Addison.

A wide flat cannot be pleasant in the Elysian fields, unless it be diversified with depressive val To ASCERTAIN. v. a. [acertener, Fr.] leys and swelling ascents. Bentley 1. To make certain; to fix; to establish.

The divine law both ascertaineth the truth, and supplieth unto us the want of other laws. Hooker. Money differs from uncoined silver in this, that the quantity of silver in each piece is ascertained by the stamp. Locke. 2. To make confident; to take away doubt: often with of.

Right judgment of myself, may give me the other certainty; that is, ascertain me that I am in the number of God's children. Hammond.

This makes us act with a repose of mind and wonderful tranquillity, because it assertains us of the goodness of our work. Dryden's Dufresney. ASCERTAINER. n. s. [from ascertain.] The person that proves or establishes. ASCERTAINMENT. n. s. [from ascertain] A settled rule; an established standard.

For want of ascertainment, how far a writer may express his good wishes for his country, in nocent intentions may be charged with crimes. Swift to Lord Middleton. ASCE'TICK. adj. [onli] Employed wholly in exercises of devotion' and mortification.

None lived such long lives as monks and her mits, sequestered from plenty to a constant ar cetick course of the severest abstinence and de votion.

South. ASCE'TICK. n. s. He that retires to devotion and mortification; a hermit.

I am far from commending those asceticks, that, out of a pretence of keeping themselves unspotted from the world, take up their quarters in desarts. Norris.

He that preaches to man, should understand what is in man; and that skill can scarce be aftained by an ascetick in his solitudes. Atterbury. A'SCII. n. s. It has no singular. [from ~, without, and ex, a shadow.] Those people who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; such are the inhabitants of the torrid zone, because they have the sun twice a year vertical to them. Dict. ASCITES. n. s. [from ds, a bladder.} A particular species of dropsy; a swell

ing of the lower belly and depending parts, from an extravasation and collection of water broke out of its proper vessels. This case, when certain and inveterate, is universally allowed to admit of no cure but by means of the manual operation of tapping. Quincy. There are two kinds of dropsy, the anasarca, called also leucophlegmacy, when the extravasated matter swinis in the cells of the membrana adiposa; and the ascites, when the water possesses the cavity of the abdomen. Sharp. ASCITICAL. adj. [from ascites.] BeASCITICK. longing to an ascites; dropsical; hydropical.

When it is part of another tumour, it is hydropical, either anasarcous or ascitical. Wiseman. ASCITITIOUS. adj. [ascititius, Lat.] Supplemental; additional; not inherent; not original.

Homer has been reckoned an ascititious name from some accident of his life. Pope. ASCRIBABLE. adj. [from ascribe.] That may be ascribed.

The greater part have been forward to reject it, upon a mistaken persuasion, that those phænomena are the effects of nature's abhorrency of a vacuum, which seem to be more fitly ascribable to the weight and spring of the Boyle.

air.

To ASCRIBE. v. a. [ascribo, Lat.]
I. To attribute to as a cause.

The cause of his banishment is unknown, because he was unwilling to provoke the emperor, by ascribing it to any other reason than what was pretended. Dryden. To this we may justly ascribe those jealousies and encroachments, which render mankind uneasy to one another. Rogers.

2. To attribute as a quality to persons, or accident to substance.

These perfections must be somewhere, and therefore may much better be ascribed to God, in whom we suppose all other perfections to meet, than to any thing else. Tillotson. ASCRIPTION. n. s. [ascriptio, Lat.] The act of ascribing. ASCRIPTITIOUS. adj. [ascriptitius, Lat.] That is ascribed.

Dict.

Dict.

ASH. n. s. [fraxinus, Lat. ærc, Saxon.] I. A tree.

This tree hath pennated leaves, which end in an odd lobe. The male flowers, which grow at a remote distance from the fruit, have no petals, but consist of many stamina. The ovary becomes a seed vessel, containing one seed at the bottom, shaped like a bird's tongue. Miller.

With which of old he charm'd the savage train, And call'd the mountain ashes to the plain. Dryd. 2. The wood of the ash.

Let me twine

Mine arms about that body, where against My grained ash an hundred times hath broke And scar'd the moon with splinters. Shakspeare. ASH-COLOURED. adj. [from ash and coLour.] Coloured between brown and gray, like the bark of an ashen branch. Clay, ash-coloured, was part of a stratum which lay above the strata of stone. Woodward. ASHA'MED. adj. [from shame.] Touched with shame generally with of before the cause of shame if a noun, and to if a verb.

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At once he said, and threw His ashen spear, which quiver'd as it flew. Dryd, A'SHES. n. s. wants the singular. [arca, Sax. asche, Dutch.]

1. The remains of any thing burnt.

Some relicks would be left of it, as when asbes remain of burned bodies. Digby. This late dissension, grown between the peers, Burns under feigned ashes of forged love, And will at last break out into a flame. Shaksp.

Ashes contain a very fertile salt, and are the best manure for cold lands, if kept dry, that the rain doth not wash away their salt. Mortimer, 2. The remains of the body: often used in poetry for the carcase, from the ancient practice of burning the dead.

Poor key-cold figure of a holy king! Pale ashes of the house of Lancaster! Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood! Shakspeare

To great Laërtes I bequeath A task of grief, his ornaments of death; Lest, when the fates his royal ashes claim, The Grecian matrons taint my spotless name. Pope A'SHLAR. n. s. [with masons.] Freestone as it comes out of the quarry, of different lengths, breadths, and thicknesses. A'SELEERING. n. S. [with builders.] Quartering in garrets, about two foot and a half or three foot high, perpendicular to the floor, and reaching to the under side of the rafters. Builder's Dict. ASHO'RE. adv. [from a and shore.] 1. On shore; on the land.

The poor Englishman riding in the road, having all that he brought thither ashore, would have been undone. Raleigh

2. To the shore; to the land.

We may as bootless spend our vain command,
As send our precepts to the leviathan
To come ashore.

Shakspeare's Henry v.

May thy billows rowl ashore The beryl, and the golden ore. Milton's Comus. Moor'd in a Chian creek, ashore I went, And all the following night in Chios spent. Addison's Ovid. ASHWE'DNESDAY. n. s. The first day of Lent, so called from the ancient custom of sprinkling ashes on the head. A'SHWEED. n. s. [from ash and weed.] An herb. A'SHY. adj. [from ash.] Ash-coloured; pale; inclining to a whitish gray. Oft have I seen a timely parted ghost Of ashy semblance, meagre, pale, and bloodless. Shakspeare.

AsI'DE. adv. [from a and side.]
1. To one side; out of the perpendicular
direction.

The storm rush'd in, and Arcite stood aghast;
O`2

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