TMOSPHERICAL.

adj. [from atmosphere. Consisting of the atmosphere; belonging to the atmosphere.

We did not mention the weight of the incumbent atmospherical cylinder, as a part of the weight resisted. Boyle.

ATOM. n. s. [atomus, Lat. &ro.] 1. Such a small particle as cannot be phy. sically divided: and these are the first rudiments, or the component parts, of all bodies.

incy. Innumerable minute bodies are called atoms, because, by reason of their perfect solidity, they were really indivisible.

Ray.

See plastick nature working to this end, The single atoms each to other tend, Attract, attracted to, the next in place Form'd and impell'd its neighbour to embrace.

2. Any thing extremely small.

Pope.

It is as easy to count atoms, as to resolve the propositions of a lover. ATOMICAL. adj. [from atom.]

1. Consisting of atoms.

Shakspeare.

Vitrified and pellucid bodies are clearer in their continuities than in powders and atomical divisions. Brown's Vulgar Errours.

2. Relating to atoms. Vacuum is another principal doctrine of the atomical philosophy. Bentley's Sermons. ATOMIST. n. J. [from atom.] One that holds the atomical philosophy, or doctrine of atoms.

The atomists, who define motion to be a passage from one place to another, what do they more than put one synonymous word for another? Locke.

Now can judicious atomists conceive,
Chance to the sun could his just impulse give?
Blackmore.

A'TOMY. 7. S. An obsolete word for atom.
Drawn with a team of little atomies
Athwart men's noses, as they be asleep. Shak.
To ATO'NE. v. n. [from at one, as the
etymologists remark, to be at one, is the
same as to be in concord. This deriva-
tion is much confirmed by the following
passage of Shakspeare, and appears to
be the sense still retained in Scotland.]
1. To agree; to accord.

He and Aufidius can no more atone, Than violentest contrariety. Shakspeare. 2. To stand as an equivalent for something; and particularly used of expiatory sacrifices, with the particle for before the thing for which something else is given.

From a mean stock the pious Decii came;
Yet such their virtues, that their loss alone
For Rome and all our legions did atone. Dryd.
The good intention of a man of weight and
worth, or a real friend, seldom atones for the
uneasiness produced by his grave representation.
Locke,

Let thy sublime meridian course
For Mary's setting rays alone:

Our lustre, with redoubled force,

Must now proceed from thee alone.

Prior.

His virgin sword Agysthus' veins imbrued; The murd'rer fell, and blood aton' for blood.

Pope.

If any contention arose, he knew none fitter

Or each atone his guilty love with life. ATONEMENT. n. s. [from atone.] 1. Agreement; concord.

2.

Ворва

He seeks to make atonement Between the duke of Glo'ster and your brothers. Shakspeare. Expiation; expiatory equivalent : with for

And the Levites were purified, and Aaron "made an atonement for them to cleanse them. Numbers.

Surely it is not a sufficient atonement for the writers, that they profess loyalty to the govern ment, and sprinkle some arguments in favour of the dissenters, and, under the shelter of popular politicks and religion, undermine the foundations of all piety and virtue. ATO'P. adv. [from a and top.] On the Swift. top; at the top.

Atop whereof, but far more rich, appear'd The work as of a kingly palace-gate. Par. Lost. What is extracted by water from coffee is the oil, which often swims atop of the decoction. Arbuthnot on Aliments. ATRABILA'RIAN, adj.[from atra bilis, ATRABILA'RIOUS. black choler.] Melancholy; replete with black choler.

The blood, deprived of its die proportion of serum, or finer and more volatile parts, is atrabilarious; whereby it is rendered gross, black, unctuous, and earthy. Quincy. From this black adust state of the blood, they are atrabilarious. Arbuthnot on Air.

The atrabilarian constitution, or a black, viscous, pitchy consistence of the fluids, makes all secretions difficult and sparing. Arbuthnot. ATRABILA'RIOUSNESS. n. s. [from atra

bilarious.] The state of being melancholy; repletion with melancholy. ATRAMENTAL. adj. [from atramenATRAMENTOUS. S tum, ink, Lat.] Inky'; black.

If we enquire in what part of vitriol this atramental and denigrating condition lodgeth, it will seem especially to lie in the more fixed salt. thereof. Brown's Vulgar Errours. I am not satisfied, that those black and atramentous spots, which seem to represent them, are ocular. Brown.

ATROCIOUS. adj. [atrox, Lat.] Wicked in a high degree; enormous; horribly criminal.

An advocate is necessary, and therefore audience ought not to be denied him in defending causes, unless it be an atrocious offence. Ayliffe. ATROCIOUSLY.adv. [from atrocious.] In an atrocious manner; with great wickedness.

ATROCIOUSNESS. n. s. [from atrocious.] The quality of being enormously criminal. ATROCITY. n. s. [atrocitas, Lat.] Horrible wickedness; excess of wickedness. I never recal it to mind, without a deep astonishment of the very horrour and atrocity of the fact in a christian court. Wotton.

They desired justice might be done upon "offenders, as the atrocity of their crimes deserved. Clarendon,

I own 't was wrong, when thousands call'd me back,

To make that hopeless, ill-advis'd attack. Young ATTACKER. n. s. [from attack.] The person that attacks.

To ATTAIN. v. a. [atteindre, Fr. attineo, Lat.]

1. To gain; to procure; to obtain.

Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the means, nay, by means that are quite contrary to it? Tillotson. All the nobility here could not attain the same favour as Wood did. Swift. 2. To overtake; to come up with: a sense now little in use.

Bacon.

3.

Desires you to attach his son, who has His dignity and duty both cast off. Shakspeare. 2. Sometimes with the particle of, but not in present use.

Shaksp.

You, lord archbishop, and you, lord Mowbray, Of capital treason I attach you both. 3. To seize in a judicial manner.

France hath flaw'd the league, and hath attack'd Our merchants goods at Bourdeaux.

4. To lay hold on, as by power.
I cannot blame thee,

Shaksp.

Who am myself attach'd with weariness, To th' dulling of my spirits. Shakspeare. 5. To win; to gain over; to enamour. Sengs, garlands, flow'rs, And charming symphonies, attach'd the heart Of Adam.

6. To fix to one's interest.

Milton.

The great and rich depend on those whom their power of their wealth attaches to them.

Rogers.

ATTACHMENT. n. s. [attachement, Fr.] 1. Adherence; fidelity.

The Jews are remarkable for an attachment to their own country.

2. Attention; regard.

Addison.

The Romans burnt this last fleet, which is another mark of their small attachment to the Arbuthnot on Coins.

sea.

3. An apprehension of a man, to bring him to answer an action; and sometimes it extends to his moveables.

4. Foreign attachment is the attachment of a foreigner's goods found within a city, to satisfy creditors within a city. To ATTACK. v. a. [attaquer, Fr.] 1. To assault an enemy: opposed to defence.

The front, the rear

Attack, while Yvothunders in the centre. Philips. Those that attack generally get the victory, though with disadvantage of ground.

Cane's Campaigns. 2. To impugn in any manner, as with satire, confutation, calumny; as, the declaimer attacked the reputation of his adversaries.

ATTACK. . s. [from the verb.] assault upon an enemy.

An

Hector opposes, and continues the attack; in which Sarpedon makes the first breach in the wall. Pope's Iliad.

If, appris'd of the severe attack, The country be shut up.

Thomson.

The earl hoping to have overtaken the Scottish king, and to have given him battle, but not attaining him in time, set down before the castle Bacon. of Aton.

To come to; to enter upon.
Canaan he now attains; I see his tents
Pitch'd above Sichem.

4. To reach; to equal.

Milton's Par. Lest.

So the first precedent, if it be good, is seldom Bacon. attained by imitation.

To ATTAIN. v. n.

1. To come to a certain state: with to. Milk will soon separate itself into a cream, and a more serous liquor, which, after twelve days, attains to the highest degree of acidity. 2. To arrive at.

Arbuthnot on Aliments.

Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high; I cannot attain unto it.

Psalms.

To have knowledge in most objects of contemplation, is what the mind of one man can hardly attain unto.

ATTAIN. n. s. [from the verb.] thing attained; attainment.

use.

Locke.

The

Not in

Crowns and diadems, the most splendid ter rene attains, are akin to that which to-day is in the field, and to-morrow is cut down. Glanville's Scepsic. ATTAINABLE. adj. [from attain.] That may be attained; procurable.

He wilfully neglects the obtaining unspeakable good, which he is persuaded is certain and attainable. Tillotson.

None was proposed that appeared certainly attainable, or of value enough. Rogers. ATTAINABLENESS. 7. s. [from attaina ble.] The quality of being attainable.

Persons become often enamoured of outward beauty, without any particular knowledge of its possessor, or its attainableness by them. Cheyne. ATTA'INDER. n. s. [from To attaint.] 1. The act of attainting in law; conviction of a crime. See To ATTAINT.

The ends in calling a parliament were chiefly to have the attainders of all of his party reversed; and, on the other side, to attaint by parliament his enemies. Bacon.

2. Taint; sully of character.

So smooth he daub'd his vice with shew of virtue,

He liv'd from all attainder of suspect. Shaksp. ATTAINMENT. n. s. [from attain.] 1. That which is attained; acquisition.

We dispute with men that count it a great at tainment to be able to talk much, and little to the purpose. Glanville. Our attainments are mean, compared with the perfection of the universe. Greta

2. The act or power of attaining.

The Scripture must be sufficient to imprint in us the character of all things necessary for the attainment of eternal life. Hooker.

Education in extent more large, of time shorter, and of attainment more certain. Milton. Government is an art above the attainment of an ordinary genius. South.

If the same actions be the instruments both of acquiring fame and procuring this happiness, they would nevertheless fail in the attainment of this last end, if they proceeded from a desire of the first. Addison.

The great care of God for our salvation must appear in the concern he expressed for our attainment of it. Rogers.

To AT1 A'INT. v. a. [attenter, Fr.] 1. To disgrace; to cloud with ignominy.

His warlike shield

Was all of diamond perfect, pure and clean, For so exceeding shone his glistering ray, That Phoebus golden face it did attaint, As when a cloud his beams doth overlay. F. Queen. 2. To attaint is particularly used for such as are found guilty of some crime or offence, and especially of felony or

treason.

A man is attainted two ways, by appearance, or by process. Attainder by appearance is by confession, battle, or verdict. Confession is double; one at the bar before the judges, when the prisoner, upon his indictment read, being asked guilty or not guilty, answers Guilty, never putting himself upon the verdict of the jury. The other is before the the coroner or sanctuary, where he, upon his confession, was in former times constrained to abjure the realm; which kind is called attainder by abjuration. Attainder by battle is, when the party appealed, and choosing to try the truth by combat rather than by jury, is vanquished. Attainder by verdict is, when the prisoner. at the bar, answering to the indictment Not Guilty, hath an inquest of life and death passing upon him, and is by the verdict pronounced guilty. Attainder by process is, where a party flies, and is not found till five times called publickly in the county, and at last outlawed upon his default.

Corvell.

Were it not an endless trouble, that no traitor or felon should be attainted, but a parliament must be called? Spenser.

I must offend before I be attainted. Shaksp.

3. To taint; to corrupt.

My tender youth was never yet attaint With any passion of inflaming love. Shakspeare. ATTA'INT. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. Any thing injurious; as illness, weariness. This sense is now obsolete.

Nor doth he dedicate one jot of colour Unto the weary and all-watched night; But freshly looks, and overbears attaint With cheerful semblance. Shaksp. Henry v.

2. Stain; spot; taint.

No man hath a virtue that he has not a glimpse of; nor any man an attaint, but he carries some stain of it. Shakspeare.

3. [In horsemanship.] A blow or wound on the hinder feet of a horse. Far. Dict. ATTA'INTURE. n. s. [from attaint.] Legal censure; reproach; imputation.

Hume's knavery will be the duchess' wreck, And her attainture will be Humphry's fall.

Shakspeare,

To ATTA'MINATE. v. a. [attamino, Lat.] To corrupt; to spoil.

To ATTEMPER. v. a. [attempero, Lat.]

1

His early providence could likewise have at→ tempered his nature therein. Bacon.

Those smiling eyes, attemp'ring ev'ry ray, Shone sweetly lambent with celestial day. Pope. 3. To mix in just proportions; to regulate. She to her guests doth bounteous banquet dight, Attemper'd, goodly, well for health and for delight. Spenser.

4.

To

To fit to something else.

Phemius! let arts of gods and heroes old, ATTEMPERATE. v. a. attempero, Attemper'd to the lyre, your voice employ. Pope. Lat.] To proportion to something.

Hope must be proportioned and attemperate to the promise; if it exceed that temper and proportion, it becomes a tumour and tympany of hope, Hammond's Pract. Catechism. To ATTEMPT. v. a. [attenter, Fr.] 1. To attack; to invade; to venture upon. He, flatt'ring his displeasure,

Tript me behind, got praises of the king,
For him attempting, who was self-subdued. Shaks.
Who, in all things wise and just,
Hinder'd not Satan to attempt the mind
Ofman, with strength entire and free-will arm'd.
Milton.

2. To try; to endeavour.

I have nevertheless attempted to send unto you, for the renewing of brotherhood and friendship. 1 Maccabees. To ATTEMPT. v. 7. To make an attack.

I have been so hardy to attempt upon a name, which among some is yet very sacred. Glanville.

Horace his monster with woman's head above, and fishy extreme below, answers the shape of the ancient Syrens that attempted upon Ulysses. Brown's Vulgar Errours. ATTEMPT. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. An attack.

If we be always prepared to receive an enemy, we shall long live in peace and quietness, without any attempts upon us.

2. An essay; an endeavour.

Bacon.

Alack! I am afraid they have awak'd, And 'tis not done; th' attempt, and not the deed, Confounds us. Shakspeare's Macbeth.

He would have cry'd; but, hoping that he

dreamt,

Amazement tied his tongue, and stopp'd th' at

tempt. Dryden. I subjoin the following attempt toward a natural history of fossils. Woodward on Fossils. ATTEMPTABLE. adj. [from attempt.] Liable to attempts or attacks.

The gentleman vouching his to be more fair, virtuous, wise, and less attemptable, than the rarest of our ladies. Shakspeare. ATTEMPTER. n. s. [from attempt.] 1. The person that attempts; an invader. The Son of God, with godlike force endued Against th' attempter of thy Father's throne.

2. An endeavourer.

Milton.

You are no factors for glory or treasure, but disinterested attempters for the universal good. Glanville's Scepsis.

His companion, youthful Valentine, Attends the emperour in his royal court. Shaks, 3. To accompany as an enemy.

He was at present strong enough to have stopped or attended Waller in his western expedition. Clarendon. 4. To be present with, upon a summons. 5. To accompany; to be appendant to. England is so idly king'd,

Her sceptre so fantastically borne,
That fear attends her not.

Shakspeare. My pray'rs and wishes always shall attend The friends of Rome. Addison's Cato.

A vehement, burning, fixed, pungent pain in the stomach, attended with a fever. Arbuthnot. 6. To expect. This sense is French.

So dreadful a tempest, as all the people attended therein the very end of the world, and judgment day. Raleigh's History.

7. To wait on, as on a charge.

The fifth had charge sick persons to attend, And comfort those in point of death which lay. Spenser.

8. To be consequent to.

The duke made that unfortunate descent upon Rhee, which was afterwards attended with many

unprosperous attempts.

Clarendon, 9. To remain to; to await; to be in store for.

To him who hathi a prospect of the state that attends all men after this, the measures of good and evil are changed. Locke.

10. To wait for insidiously.

Thy interpreter, full of despight, bloody as the hunter, attends thee at the orchard end. Shaks. 11. To be bent upon any object.

Their hunger thus appeas'd, their care attends The doubtful fortune of their absent friends.

To ATTEND. v. n. 1. To yield attention.

But, thy relation now! for I attend, Pleas'd with thy words.

Dryden.

Milton.

Since man cannot at the same time attend to two objects, if you employ your spirit upon a book or a bodily labour, you have no room left for sensual temptation. Taylor.

2. To stay; to delay.

This first true cause, and last good end, She cannot here so well and truly see; For this perfection she must yet attend, Till to her Maker she espoused be. Davies. Plant anemonies after the first rains, if you will have flowers very forward; but it is surer to attend till October. Evelyn. 3. To wait; to be within reach or call.

2. Service.

I will be returned forthwith; dismiss your attendant there; look it be done. Shakspeare, 2. One that belongs to the train.

When some gracious monarch dies, Soft whispers first and mournful murmurs rise, Among the sad attendants. Dryden, 3. One that waits the pleasure of another, as a suitor or agent.

I endeavour that my reader may not wait long for my meaning; to give an attendant quick dispatch is a civility. Burnet's Theory,

4. One that is present at any thing.

He was a constant attendant at all meetings relating to charity, without contributing. Swift, 5. [In law.] One that oweth a duty or service to another; or, after a sort, dependeth upon another. Corvell

6. That which is united with another, as a concomitant or consequent. Govern well thy appetite, lest sin Surprize thee, and her black attendant, death. Milten.

They secure themselves first from doing nothing, and then from doing ill; the one being so close an attendant on the other, that it is scarce possible to sever them. Decay of Piety. He had an unlimited sense of fame, the attendant of noble spirits, which prompted him to engage in travels. Pope.

It is hard to take into view all the attendants or consequents that will be concerned in a question.

Watts.

ATTENDER. n. J. [from attend.] Com

panion; associate.

The gypsies were there, Like lords to appear, With such their attenders As you thought offenders. Ben Jonson. ATTENT. adj. [attentus, Lat.] Intent; attentive; heedful; regardful.

Now mine eyes shall be open, and mine ears attent unto the prayer that is made in this place. 2 Chronicles.

What can then be less in me than desire To see thee, and approach thee, whom I know Declar'd the Son of God, to hear attent Thy wisdom, and behold thy godlike deeds?

Milton.

Read your chapter in your prayers: little interruptions will make your prayers less tedious, and yourself more attent upon them. Taylor. Being denied communication by their ear, their eyes are more vigilant,attent, and heedful. Holder.

To want of judging abilities, we may add their want of leisure to apply their minds to such a serious and attent consideration. South.

ATTENTATES. n. s. [attentata, Lat.] Proceedings in a court of judicature, pending suit, and after an inhibition is decreed and gone out: those things which are done after an extrajudicial appeal, may likewise be stiled attentates. Ayliffe. ATTENTION. n. s. [attention, Fr.] The act of attending or heeding; the act of bending the mind upon any thing. They say the tongues of dying men Inforce attention, like deep harmony, Shakspeare. He perceived nothing but silence, and signs of attention to what he would further say. But him the gentle angel by the hand Soon rais'd, and his attention thus recall'd.

Bacon.

Milton.

By attention, the ideas that offer themselves aretaken notice of, and, as it were, registered in the memory. Locke.

Attention is a very necessary thing; truth doth not always strike the soul at first sight. Watts. ATTENTIVE. adj. [from attent.] Heedful; regardful; full of attention.

Being moved with these, and the like your effectual discourses, whereunto we gave most attentive ear, till they entered even unto our souls. Hooker.

I'm never merry when I hear sweet musick. The reason is, your spirits are attentive. Shak. I saw most of them attentive to three Sirens, distinguished by the names of Sloth, Ignorance, and Pleasure. Tatler.

A critick is a man who, on all occasions, is more attentive to what is wanting than what is present. Addison.

Musick's force can tame the furious beast; Can make the wolf, or foaming boar, restrain His rage; the lion drop his crested main, Attentive to the song. ATTENTIVELY. adv. [from attentive.] Heedfully; carefully.

Prior.

If a man look sharply and attentively, he shall see Fortune; for though she be blind, she is not invisible. Bacon,

At the relation of the queen's death, bravely confessed and lamented by the king, how attentiveness wounded his daughter. Shakspeare. ATTENUANT. adj. Lattenuans, Lat.] What has the power of making thin, or diluting.

To ATTENUATE. v. a. [altenuo, Lat.] To make thin, or slender: opposed to condense, or incrassate, or thicken. The finer part belonging to the juice of grapes, being attenuated and subtilized, was changed into an ardent spirit. Boyle.

Vinegar curd, put upon an egg, not only dissolves the shell, but also attenuates the white contained in it into a limpid water. Wiseman's Surg. It is of the nature of acids to dissolve or attenuate, and of alkalies to precipitate or incras Neruton's Opticks.

sate.

The ingredients are digested and attenuated by heat; they are stirred and constantly agitated by winds. Arbuthnot. ATTENUATE. adj. [from the verb.] Made thin, or slender.

Vivification ever consisteth in spirits attenuate, which the cold doth congeal and coagulate.

Bacon.

ATTENUA'TION. n. s. [from attenuate.] The act of making any thing thin, or slender; lessening.

Chiming with a hammer upon the outside of a bell, the sound will be according to the inward concave of the bell; whereas the elision or attenuation of the air, can be only between the hammer and the outside of the bell. Bacon. ATTER. n. s. [ater, Sax. venom.] Corrupt matter. A word much used in Lincolnshire.

To ATTE'ST. v. a. [attestor, Lat.] 1. To bear witness of; to witness.

Skinner.

Many particular facts are recorded in holy writ, attested by particular pagan authors. Addis. 2. To call to witness; to invoke as conscious.

The sacred streams, which heav'n's imperialstate Attests in oaths, and fears to violate. Dryden. ATTE'ST. n. s. [from the verb.] Witness; testimony; attestation.

The attest of eyes and ears.

Shakspeare.

With the voice divine Nigh thunderstruck, th' exalted man to whom Such high attest was giv'n, a while survey'd With wonder. Paradise Regained. ATTESTATION. n. s. [from attest.] Testimony; witness; evidence.

There remains a second kind of peremptoriness, of those who can make no relation without an attestation of its certainty. Gov.of the Tongue.

The next coal-pit, mine, quarry, or chalk-pit, will give attestation to what I write; these are so obvious that I need not seek for a compurgator. Woodward's Natural History.

We may derive a probability from the attestation of wise and honest men by word or writing, or the concurring witness of multitudes who have seen and known what they relate. Watts. To ATTI'NGE. v. a. [attingo, Lat.] To touch lightly or gently.

Dict.

To ATTIRE. v. a. [attirer, Fr.] To dress; to habit; to array.

Let it likewise your gentle breast inspire With sweet infusion, and put you in mind Of that proud maid, whom now those leaves attire, Proud Daphne.

Spenser.

My Nan shall be the queen of all the fairies; Finely attired in a robe of white. Shakspeare.