Bengalee: thus sunsar, the earth, the he will, however, find metamorphosed into world, is the same in Bengalee; khiwawa, baboo: and for the earth, he will find the food, is the substantive of the verb khawan, word log, people, which occurs both in cause to eat; and prubhootia, power, is evi-Sungskrit and Bengalee in nearly the same dently an abstract noun from prubhoo, Lord. sense: thus teen lok, means the three worlds These eleven languages occupy the mid--heaven, earth, and Patal. dle provinces of India, which extend from 25. The Assamese. Still farther east Kashmeer to Bengal. We now come to lies the kingdom of Assam. In the specithose on the northeast side of India, among men exhibited of this language may be which, one of the first is, traced twenty-nine of the words found in the 22. The North Koshala. This lan- Bengalee and Hindee specimens: khabur, guage is spoken in the country to the north-food, also, is derived from khao, eat. While east of Oude, or Uyodhya, the country fa- it assimilates more with the Bengalee lanmous among the Hindoos for having given guage, however, than most of those already birth to Koushulya, the mother of Rama. mentioned, its terminations still render it a In the specimen given of this language, the different language. reader may trace twenty-seven of the words Having thus taken a view of the lanfound in the Bengalee and Hindee speci-guages on the west, in the middle, and on mens; and nearly all the remaining words the east side of India, it may now be proare pure Sungskrit; such are ichchha-poor- per to add specimens also of those in the Buk, for will: sunsar, the world, already Decan, (Dukshina,) or the countries to the mentioned; yogya, worthy, proper; ahar, south of Bengal, in which we are engaged; food; udhurm, evil, unholiness, with some which are three. others. 26. The Orissa or Oot-kul. This lan23. The Mithilee. Proceeding southeast, guage is almost identically the same with we come to the province of Mithilee, or Tir- the Bengalee, while it still possesses differboot, which is also esteemed classic ground ent terminations, and even a different chaamong the Hindoos, because deemed the racter. In the specimen of the Lord's birth-place of Seeta, Januka her father be- Prayer given, the reader will be able to ing reputed the king of this country. On the trace thirty-one of the words which occur in south it abuts on the most northern provin- the Bengalee specimen; he will also find ces of Bengal, and northward it extends to kshuma used in the sense of " forgive." the kingdom of Nepal. In the specimen But notwithstanding the close affinity which given of this language, the reader may it has to the Bengalee, its peculiar terminatrace twenty of the radical words given in tions cause the whole specimen to differ the Bengalee and Hindee specimens; but much in sound from that given in the latter among the rest there are several which language. have been already mentioned as Sungskrit 27. The Telinga. Bordering on Orissa words common in Bengal; as sunsar, the we come to the Telinga language. In the world; yogya, proper; khack, food, from specimen of the Lord's Prayer, given in this khao, eat; mudya, in; puruntoo, but, &c. and the Kurnata language, the reader can 24. The Nepal. Turning to the north-easily trace the link of connexion subsisting east, we come to the kingdom of Nepal, the between nearly all these descended from language of which, termed by the natives the Sangskrit. In the Lord's Prayer, as the Kash-poora language, is evidently a given in this language, he may trace at least branch from the same parent stock as those fifteen of the words specified in the Bengaalready mentioned. In the Lord's Prayer lee specimen; he will, however, find the the reader will find no less than twenty- Sungskrit cheyya, done, used instead of nine of the words which occur in the Ben- kura. Bhoomi, the earth, is another Sanggalee and Hindee specimens. Bap, father, skrit word common in Bengalce. will be seen more clearly from an examina tion of the specimens in each of these languages. 29. The Pushtoo or Affghan. This language, as has been stated in a former memoir, is spoken beyond the Indus, by a 28. The Kurnata. This language commences where the Telinga ends, and meets the Mahratta on one side, and the Gooju rattee on the other. In this specimen can be traced no less than sixteen of the words which appear in that given in Bengalee, though so much disguised by the difference people respecting whom, perhaps, a greater of termination: prukash, appear, is also pre-probability appears on the side of their becisely the same in Bengalee. For kuro, do, the reader will find mora. ing descended from the ten tribes of Israel, than can be urged relative to any other nation. O when shall they begin to ❝ return, going and weeping"--when shall they be We have now traced twenty-eight languages derived from the Sungskrit; and if to these we add the Tamul and the Malaya-gin" to seek the Lord their God!" In the lim, we shall find thirty collateral branches springing from one philological root; the whole of which, with the exception of the Telinga and the Kurnata, and one or two others, will be found to have nearly ninetenths of the words in common with each other, most of them the same pronouns, and all of them the same mode of construction. Lord's Prayer, as given in this language, although nearly half the words are familiar to us through their being current in Bengalee and Hindee, yet scarcely four of them can be traced to the Sungskrit language. It is therefore evident that here the languages derived from the Sungskrit end on the western side of India, which idea will be confirmed by our recurring to It may, however, be proper to add, that while the languages of the South peninsula 30. The Bulochee. This language is derive at least one half of the words they spoken on the western banks of the Indus, contain immediately from the Sungskrit, the Bulochee nation extending westward to they are supposed to derive a great part, if Persia. The specimen of the Lord's Prayer not the whole of the remainder, from an-given in this language, contains scarcely other source, which certain of our learned friends at Madras suppose to be the language often termed the High Tamul. We might here close the investigation of these languages; but it has occurred to us since we began the examination, that it would not be improper to add specimens of the Lord's Prayer in the languages to the west and the east of India, in which we are engaged, as these will clearly mark where the Sungskrit family ends. Thus the Pushtoo, or Affghan language, on the west, has evidently too small a proportion of Sungskrit words to render a comparison between the two specimens at all practicable, and the Bulochee specimen is scarcely less remote from the Sungskrit; while the Khassee language, to the east of Bengal, seems quite as far removed from the Sungskrit, as the Pushtoo on the west; and the Burinan language still decreases in point of affinity to that ancient philological parent. But this more Sungskrit words than that in the Push- CANNIBALISM. AT the last Annual Meeting of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, Mr. Davies, from Sierra Leone, stated that a short time before he left the coast, a report had reached the Governor that a man had been killed and eaten among the negroes, who had been stolen, but recaptured, and settled in two of See Jer. i. 4, 5. 336 ness. New Dutch Church on Staten-Islamit. ON Monday, the 26th inst. was laid the corner stone of a Reformed Dutch Presbyterian Church, at Tompkinsville, on StatenIsland, by the Rev. Peter I. Van Pelt, and an appropriate prayer and address delivered. Montgomery, Orange County. the negro villages. Some confidential per-) sons were charged to inquire into the busiThe allegation was denied; but a negro being observed to have something in a bag which he wished to secrete, his bag was examined, and was found to contain some part of a human body. On being threatened with death unless he made a full discovery, the man reluctantly produced the THE females of the Reformed Dutch head of his murdered companion, which is a part never eaten by them, because, as Congregation of Montgomery, Orange they say, 'Palaver (talk, or speech) lives county, have, by a donation of 30 dollars, there;' and they think it poisonous. The constituted their Pastor, the Rev. Jesse head was found secreted at the foot of a Fonda, a member for life of the American tree. The instrument of murder was a Bible Society. Mrs. Fonda was, at the knife, made out of an iron hoop. With this same time, by a donation of five dollars, these poor wretches cut off the head, and made a member for life of the 'Montgomery then feasted three days on the body. Some Cent Society, in aid of the Theologica! attempt was made to defend this deed. College of the Reformed Dutch Church.” The question, "Why did you kill the man?' was answered by another, 'Why do you kill fat fowls?" This shocking fact cannot fairly be used as an argument for the slave trade; but it supplies one of the most forcible motives possible for the utmost zeal that can be employed to enlighten dark Africa, and instruct the poor wretched natives in the benign religion of Jesus hrist. HOLLAND. -as Literary and Scientific Intelligence. PROFESSOR BERZELIUS. This celebrated chymist has been raised to the rank of nobility by the King of Sweden, on account of his great talents as a chymical philosopher. This honour is the more remarkable, as scientific men are rarely rewarded by such marks of royal favour. Velocity of Sound in Water. In a memoir lately read on this subject before the institute, by M. Laplace, he has shown that the velocity of sound in fresh water is four and a half times greater than in air. THE king of the Netherlands has given orders, that one of the Churches at the Hague shall be appropriated to the use of the soldiers exclusively, as they were but ill-accommodated in the other Churches. A few Sabbaths ago Divine service was performed in that which was assigned to them. The preacher addressed them very seriously from these words, Fear God'— comprising the amount of the duty of every man; and from which all other duties flow. The soldiers were very attentive, and all the generals and officers attended. A collec-. tion will be made every Sabbath, (as is customary in Holland,) the amount of which will be applied for the benefit of the wives of the soldiers when ill or confined, and for their sick children. TO CORRESPONDENTS. THE author of the article in the last Number, on "The excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus," will excuse us for the unintentional omission of his signature, We shall be pleased to hear from him often. "The World before the Flood," will be inserted in the next Number. We shall be glad to hear frequently from the writer of that article. EVANGELICAL GUARDIAN AND REVIEW. VOL. II. DECEMBER, 1818. NO. 8. MEMOIR OF MR. JOHN WILLOCK, the west of Scotland, he most pro ONE OF THE SCOTTISH RE-bably re eived his education in the university of Glasgow, and afterward entered, at Ayr, into the one or other of the religious THIS Reformer was a particular fraternities now mentioned. favourite of Mr John Knox. In To the other parts of learning his history he seldom speaks of which he had acquired, he added him without using some respect- an intimate acquaintance with the ful or affectionate expression. He writings of the ancient fathers. styles him," that notable man, But for his information in divine whom God in his good pleasure things, he looked beyond all husent unto us; our dear brother; man writings to the sacred Scripour loving brother; a man godly, ture; which he zealously conlearned, and grave, who for his tended, in his after disputes with faithful labours, and bold courage, the Popish doctors, contains the deserved immortal praise." only infallible rule for our faith The General Assembly, in and practice. 1567, gave him a memorable tes- It is not improbable that he betimony of their regard, and of the came a convert from Popery in sense which they entertained of the year 1545, and that Mr. what he had done for the Refor- George Wishart was the blessed mation in Scotland, when they instrument of his conversion. In earnestly entreated that he would that year, Mr. Wishart preached return to them from England, and openly at the market cross of Ayr, used in their letter to him these where, at that time, he was under words, "that you may enjoy the the protection of William, Earl fruit of your most wearisome and of Glencairn, and of his son Alexpainful labours, and see the cap-ander Lord Kilmaurs. Also, while stone of that work, whereof you in that neighbourhood, he seems laid the foundation." to have disputed with Quintin According to Bishop Lesly, Mr. Kennedy, abbot of Cross-raguel; John Willock was originally a one of whose books, according Dominican friar. Spottiswood says, to Dempster, who is quoted by that he was a Franciscan friar in Dr. Mackenzie, in his life of that the town of Ayr. As a native oflabbot, was entitled, "Fourteen VOL. II....No. 8. 22 Heads of a Controversy against lock went, and in which he was George Wishart." It might be hospitably entertained, was the then that Mr. Willock was brought city of Embden, in the province to the knowledge and belief of the of East Friesland in Westphalia. Protestant doctrines. The people of thaf country, Mr. But whether his conversion Petrie says, were the first who took place at this, or at an earlier embraced as a nation the docperiod, he soon found, that, unless trines of the Reformers. The he should conceal his sentiments, prince who governed Friesland which he was not inclined to do, about the year 1520, and to whom he could not be allowed to remain Petrie gives the name of Edsard, in the convent; and that nowhere had his mind enlightened by readcould he preach the Gospel in ing some of Luther's books. He Scotland, in the ample manner not only read them himself, and which he wished, without being permitted them to be sold in his liable to persecution. "For the territory, but encouraged and love of religion," says Spottis- persuaded his nobility likewise to wood, he left the country, and read them. He afterward prolived in England." cured some eminent Protestant During the reign of Edward ministers to preach to his people, VI. who succeeded his father who so far prevailed by their Henry VIII. January 29, 1547, teaching and exhortations, that the he enjoyed in England the society Romish religion was legally conof serious Christians, and was demned, and its superstition conprivileged freely to preach the fined within the walls of the Gospel. But that pious prince Franciscan monastery at Embden. having died, July 6, 1553, the When Mr. Willock arrived at state of religion in that country Embden, in 1553, the country was sadly changed, under the go-was governed by the Countess vernment of his sister, the En- Ann, then in her widowhood. glish Queen Mary. Thomas Cran-As he had studied medicine, he mer, the Protestant Archbishop practised there as a physician, of Canterbury, who, under God, which might be necessary for had long been the promoter and his present subsistence; though support of the Protestant interest, it is not to be doubted that he and the friend and protector of also preached the Gospel to such the refugees from Scotland, was persons as understood the lanimmediately committed to prison.guage in which he spoke, some of In the course of a very few years whom might be Protestants who this archbishop, a considerable had accompanied him thither from number of other bishops and mi-England. nisters, and a multitude of persons After he had been nearly a of both sexes, were condemned twelvemonth in Embden, where to death, and suffered as martyrs he was become well known, and to their religion. But so soon as respected for his piety and talents, the flame of persecution arose, the Countess of Friesland thought Mr. Willock, and a great number that he was a fit person to be emof English Protestants, fled for ployed as her envoy to the Queen refuge to foreign parts. Regent of Scotland, to congratuThe place to which Mr. Wil-late her on her accession to the |