In the latter case, on the contrary, the large masses of shade produced by the vaulted roof, give a degree of repose, which even external circumstances scarcely interrupt. The pointed window also has a similar tendency, while the clustered columns, with their alternations of light and shadow, tend most materially to add to the effect of the whole.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY.

THIS is one of the greatest architectural ornaments of the metropolis. The present edifice was built by Henry III. and his successor Edward I., as far as the extremity of the choir; but the nave and west front were erected by different abbots, except the upper parts of the western towers, which were completed by Sir Christopher Wren. The north front has a very fine appearance, to which the large window, rebuilt in 1722, greatly contributes. In the south front is another window, somewhat similar, but very elaborate in its design, erected in 1814, in place of the old one which had become ruinous. The northern window is richly ornamented with painted and stained glass, representing the Holy Scriptures surrounded by a band of cherubim in the centre, and in the large exterior divisions, our Saviour, the Evangelists, and the Apostles in recumbent attitudes. The glazing of the other window is plain. The stalls and general wainscoting of the choir were executed under the direction of the late Mr. Keene, surveyor of the works in 1775, but they have been refitted since the coronation of George IV. in 1821.

The beautiful monuments of Edmund Crouchback, earl of Lancaster, second son of Henry III.; Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke and Aveline his countess, are situated on the north side of the choir, and have been lately repaired agreeably to their original style.

On the south side are the monuments of Anne of Cleves, the divorced wife of Henry VIII., and that of Sebert, the original founder of this church. It contains various small chapels without the choir, dedicated to some of the saints. There is also the chapel of St. Edward the Confessor, in which are the monuments of numbers of kings and queens, and Henry VIIth's chapel is exceedingly fine: of these, however, more will be said when we come to describe the interior of the edifice.

HORSE GUARDS.

THIS building consists of a centre and two wings, and has an air of solidity perfectly agreeable to the use for which it was constructed. It receives its name from the Horse Guards, who, while the king is at St. James's, are here on duty, two at a time, being constantly mounted and completely armed, under two handsome porches detached from the

building towards the street, and erected to shelter them from the weather. This structure is equally calculated for the use of the foot as well as the horse soldiers on duty.

In the centre of this edifice is an arched passage into St. James's Park, and the building over this has a pediment in which are the king's arms, &c., in bass-relief.

The middle face of the cupola contains a clock dial, and the aperture in the lower part of this, and on the several stages of the other, are well calculated to break the plainness, without weakening the building, either in reality or appearance. The wings are plainer than the centre. They each consist of a forefront projecting a little, with ornamented windows in the principal story, and a plain one in the sides.

WHITEHALL.

DIRECTLY opposite the Horse Guards is the Banqueting House belonging to the old palace of Whitehall; and which was almost the only part that escaped the fire in 1698. This palace was originally built by Herbert de Burgh, earl of Kent, who, in the year 1243, bequeathed it to the Black Friars in Chancery Lane, Holborn, in whose church he was interred. But in 1248, the brotherhood, having disposed of it to Walter de Grey, archbishop of York, he left it to his successors, the archbishops of that see, for their city mansion; and hence it obtained the name of "York Place." However, the royal palace at Westminster suffering greatly by fire in the reign of Henry VIII., and that prince having a great inclination for York Place, purchased it of Cardinal Wolsey, in the year 1530. In the reign of king James I., the Banqueting House belonging to this palace, being in a ruinous condition, that monarch formed the design of erecting a palace on the spot, worthy the residence of the kings of England. The celebrated Inigo Jones was employed to draw the plan of a noble edifice; this was done, and the present structure erected as a part of the great intended work, for the reception of ambassadors and other audiences of state. It is a very substantial edifice of three stories in height. The lowest has a rustic wall with small square windows, and, by its appearance of strength, happily serves as a basis for the superstructure. Upon this is raised the Ionic with columns and pilasters; and between the columns are seven windows with arched and pointed pediments. Over these is placed the proper entablature, on which is raised a second series of the Corinthian order, consisting of columns and pilasters like the other; column being placed over column, and pilaster over pilaster. From the capitals are carried festoons which meet with masks and other ornaments in the middle. This series is also crowned with its proper entablature, on which is raised the balustrade, with Attic pedestals between. Every