But, classed according to the faculties for which they have entered themselves, their numbers stand as follows:-divinity 108, jurisprudence 130, medicine 50, and philosophy 160; the remaining 148 have not yet entered themselves for any of these departments. There are 55 who have stipends from the Crown, and 29 enjoy private exhibitions. Out of the whole number, there are but two who are not of Swedish birth. If divided according to their ranks in life, they will be found to consist of 43 sons of nobles, 114 of ecclesiastics, 127 of burgesses, 114 of farmers and peasants, 146 of civil servants of the crown, and 52 of individuals in the military service.

GREECE.

(From a Correspondent.)—' Capo d'Istrias, the late president, to all appearance did much for the education of his fellow-countrymen by forwarding the establishment of schools. In a former volume we have given some account of the central school, or species of university, which he founded at Ægina; and the number of young men who flocked to it from every part of Greece in the first instance, afforded indisputable evidence of the thirst for knowledge which prevails throughout the country. But learning was not Capo d'Istrias' object, as one of the leading professors in it observed; "he did not want learning or intelligence to make head, and accordingly he laid so many impediments in the teacher's way, that the institution fell to pieces." But better things are expected from King Otho; and the formation of a special board for inquiring into and ameliorating the state of national education is at all events a favourable omen; three masters, one of whom is a native of Germany, have been already appointed, and a library has been purchased for their use. The late president built a number of schools; but, as if he repented of his liberality, he suffered them to go to decay. There is one at Corinth in particular, which has already become a piece of modern antiquity; it has stood for years without a roof, and to this day has never resounded to the echo of master's or scholar's step. Indeed, it is of no use to erect schools, unless teachers are at hand; and a supply of the latter is yet to be created. It is time that men felt how idle a dream it is to expect that intelligence should spring from the lower ranks. I should add, that a normal school has already been open for some months past in this town (Nauplia); it was instituted by the King's chaplain, the Rev. Mr. Weinzierl, for the purpose of educating German teachers. The master, who is a man of experience in his profession, had twenty-eight boys under his care in December last.'-S.

SYRIA.

M. Guys, formerly French consul at Tripoli, has compiled a work on the actual state of this country, which we believe still remains unpublished, and from which the subsequent notes on the subject of education in that quarter are extracted. 'Ain-Toura' (in the province of Kesrouan) signifies the water of the rock' in Syriac. It is a small village, where a house with a rotunda has been built by

the Jesuits. This was the spot at which the first French mission to the Levant fixed their quarters. The place is at present occupied by the Lazarists, whose exertions are exceedingly useful to the country, as they tend to diffuse education among the inhabitants, and consequently to humanize them. At no great distance from this spot are a college and monastery, both conducted by the Maronites.' In speaking of Bekerke, which is improperly denominated Kourkeť by some travellers, the writer says, 'It was a convent of Maronite nuns, erected by the celebrated Judia, who became its abbess; but the notoriety which she has acquired, dispenses me from giving any particulars of her. I refer such as may have forgotten this wretch to Volney's work on Syria. The patriarch of the Maronites has been desirous of turning this edifice to account: he has converted it into his winter-quarters, for he is tired of residing in the gorges of Kanobin, a site delightful as a summer abode on account of its abundant springs, but scarcely habitable during frosty weather. With respect to the building which faces the convent, he observed, It is my wish to make a college or hospital of it.' This prelate is quite a man of the present day; intent upon educating the people, and setting hospitals on foot for the lower orders. His name is Joussuf Hobeisci. He was bishop of St. John of Acre, before the Pope sent him the pallium as patriarch. His age is forty-five; he is of fine stature, and has pleasing features. Though he has never set foot beyond the confines of Lebanon, his mind is stored with knowledge: he has begun to learn Latin, and is now able to read the bulls sent from Rome. His title is Patriarch of Antioch; but, as he is not recognized by the Porte, he is compelled to place himself under the protection of the Emirs. Ain-Waraca, a college which lies at a short distance from the village of Arissa in the same province, owes its institution to the munificence of the Maronite patriarch. All Maronite pupils are received into it free of expense; but those of other persuasions pay for their board. The best Arabian interpreters at present in Europe were brought up in this college; I need but name the brothers Desgranges and Caussin de Perceval, professors of Turkish and Arabic in the Collège de France; the brothers Dantan and Alphonso Geofroy in Spain; and Messieurs Soler and Testa in Sardinia. Bechir Schebad, the Emir, is inclined to enter into the views of the patriarch, who derives powerful aid from the missionaries, by whom a foundation for the civilization of the country about the Lebanon has been laid; but this mountain race have much to accomplish before they can place themselves on a par with ourselves. A political amalgamation must first be effected between the Maronites and Druses: nor do I see any means of bringing it about, excepting by educating the children of both under one and the same roof: and this cannot be done but in Europe.'

UNITED STATES.

Colleges. There were not more than ten colleges in this portion of the dependencies of the British crown at the time of the American

revolution in 1776; but, at the present day, there are altogether sixty colleges and universities in the United States. They differ widely from each other with respect to funds, endowments, and the advantages which they afford for education. Some of them have very limited means, and are not worthy of the title which they assume; others are possessed of valuable endowments and able professors in the various departments of literature and science; none of them, however, are yet on so large a scale as the chief university establishments in Europe. In most of these institutions a course of four years' study is required in order to obtain the degree of bachelor of arts; this course differs considerably in many of them, but still there is a kind of uniform character in the general education of the country. No small diversity exists with regard to the amount of acquirements necessary for admission. In Harvard University, the oldest institution in the country, the candidates for admission into the Freshman's class are examined in the whole of Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, and Sallust; Jacob's Greek Reader, and the Four Gospels in the Greek Testament; Adam's Latin Grammar, and the Gloucester Greek Grammar, both including Prosody (Buttmann's Greek Grammar is also received); the writing of Latin; Lacroix's Arithmetic, Euler's Algebra, and Worcester's Elements of Geography Ancient and Modern.' The requisites for admission into other institutions of equal respectability do not differ much from these.

Libraries. The largest collections in the United States are the following:-The Philadelphia Library, 42,000 volumes; Cambridge University Library, 40,000; Boston Athenæum, 26,000; New York Society, 22,000; National Library at Washington, 16,000; and Charleston Society's Library, 14,000. Among the smallest of those attached to colleges are, St. John's Episcopalian, Maryland, 400 volumes; and the East Tennessee and the Indiana, 200 each; these were founded in the years 1784, 1807, and 1827 respectively.

BRITISH.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

PHYSICAL STUDIES IN OXFORD.-In our last Number we made some remarks on the present state of physical studies in the University of Oxford, and, in particular, on a plan laid before the legislative body of that University, which had for its object to render some portion of physical knowledge a necessary qualification for the degree of B.A.,-or, in other words, an essential part of university education; it having been hitherto purely optional, and, as

evinced by the results of the public examinations, not pursued by more than one student in thirteen. We promised then to recur to the subject, whenever we should receive information respecting its progress. We have now received, from the same source as before, the information (at which, we confess, we are more grieved than surprised) that the measure in question has been rejected by the learned body under whose grave deliberation it has fallen; and thus we find, at an advanced period of the nineteenth century, the University of Oxford solemnly declaring, that physical knowledge neither is nor ought to be an essential part of a liberal education. The measure was, from various causes, delayed; but on the 24th February it was announced to the supporters of the measure, that the Board of Heads of Houses judge it inexpedient to propose any alteration in the statute in question.' Thus is this salutary and most moderate requisition defeated; but we trust only for a time. The present age will surely never permit the classical monopoly to continue its pernicious ascendency, and to weigh down the intellectual energies of so many young men destined to form so important a part of the community. We have not space, however, at present for more than the mere announcement of the event. hope to recur to the subject at a future opportunity.

We

January 29th.-In a full convocation holden this day, his Grace the Duke of Wellington was unanimously elected Chancellor of the University, in the room of the late Lord Grenville.

February 7th.-This day, the installation or admission of his Grace the Duke of Wellington to the office of Chancellor of the University of Oxford took place at Apsley House, in London.

CAMBRIDGE.-Hulsean Prize-Subject.-The following is the subject for the present year (1834): How far the political circumstances of the Jewish nation were favourable to the introduction and diffusion of the Christian religion.'

Cambridge, January 24. List of Honours and Degrees.

MODERATORS.-John Hymers, M.A., St. John's; and Henry Philpott, M.A., Catherine Hall.

EXAMINERS.-Edwin Stevenson, M.A., Corpus; Charles Whitley, M.A., St.

John's.

MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS, WRANGLERS.-Kelland, Queen's; Birks, Trinity; Stevenson, Trinity; Pryor, Trinity; Hoare, Trinity; Main, Queen's; Bullock, John's; Bates, Jesus; Creuze, John's; Fletcher, Pembroke; Cocker, Pet.; Hey, John's; Trentham, John's; Gooch, Trinity; Evans, Pet.; Irwin, Caius; Hutchinson, Magdalen; Darley, Christ's; Lawson, Magdalen; Dalton, Caius; Hulton, Trinity; Morton, Trinity; Hanson, Pembroke; Low, John's; Marsh, Trinity; Rolfe, John's; Cock, Trinity, æq.; Isaacson, Sidney, æq.; Vaughan, Christ's; Weldon, John's.

SENIOR OPTIMES.-Yarker, Caius; Carlyon, Emmanuel, æq.; Forsyth, aq.; Trinity; Huxtable, John's; Crow, Christ's; Wilkinson, Queen's; Giles, John's, aq.; Selwyn, Trinity, eq.; Cory, Pembroke; Smyth, Trinity; Palmer, Trinity; Bedford, Pet.; Marsden, Corpus; Wharton, John's; Webster, Queen's; Nevin, John's; Drew, John's; Wood, John's; Platten, Emmanuel; Hanson, Emmanuel; Cumming, Emmanuel; Ouvry, Trinity; Bryer, John's; Jenner, John's; Wilkins, Queen's; Bramah, Trinity; Williams, F. S., Trinity;

Coates, John's; Cotterill, John's; Braithwaite, Clare; Walker, Christ's; Donaldson, Trinity; Bromehead, Caius; Sandford, John's; Gleadowe, Caius ; Barber, Corpus; Warter, Magdalen; Bailey, Trinity; Jenkins, Trinity; Lushington, Trinity; Johnstone, Trinity; Morison, Trinity; Edge, Emmanuel; Darnell, Trinity.

JUNIOR OPTIMES.- Haigh, Catherine; Barrow, Caius; Rawes, Clare; Skrimshire, Catherine; Goodchild, Magdalen; Buswell, Queen's; Foster, Magdalen; Wilson, John's; Wright, Trinity; Barnes, John's; Hurst, Clare; Williams, A., Trinity; Nicholls, Trinity; Hulbert, Sidney; Simson, Clare; May, Jesus; Downes, Trinity; Morant, Magdalen; Holmes, Trinity; Phillips, G. P., Trinity; Bullock, Corpus; Boys, John's; Fearon, John's; Bishopp, Pet. ; Teale, John's; Parry, Magdalen; Kennedy, John's; Leathley, Trinity; Saunders, Catherine.

January 31.-Dr. Smith's annual prizes of 25l. each for the best proficients in mathematics and natural philosophy were adjudged to Philip Kelland of Queen's College, and Thomas Rawson Birks of Trinity College, the first and second wranglers.

CLASSICAL TRIPOS, February 20.-Examiners, Connop Thirlwall, M.A., Trinity; Thomas Henry Steel, M.A., Trinity; Christopher Wordsworth, M.A., Trinity; John Frederick Isaacson, M.A., St. John's.

FIRST CLASS.-Kennedy, John's; Donaldson, Trinity; Forsyth, Trinity; Warter, Magdalen; Weldon, John's; Lushington, Trinity; Vaughan, Christ's; Huxtable, John's; Phillips, G., Trinity; Evans, Pet.; Marsh, Trinity; Coates, John's.

SECOND CLASS.-Webster, Queen's; Wilkinson, Queen's; Stevenson, Trinity; Barrow, Caius; Foster, Magdalen; Williams, Trinity; Johnstone, Trinity; Morrison, Trinity; Gray, Trinity; Bailey, Trinity; Sadford, John's.

THIRD CLASS, February 20.-Bromhead, Caius; Hey, John's; Cotterell, John's; Leathley, Trinity; Palmer, Trinity; Bryer, John's; Fletcher, Pembroke; Holmes, Trinity; Morton, Trinity; Fearon, John's; Trentham, John's; Gleadowe, Caius; Walker, Christ's; Downes, Trinity; Cumming, Emmanuel; Braithwaite, Clare; Gooch, Trinity; May, Jesus.

March 5.-The chancellor's gold medals for the two best proficients in classical learning among the commencing Bachelors of Arts were adjudged to Thomas Kynaston Selwyn and William Forsyth, of Trinity College.

March 21st.-Lord Grey presented in the House of Lords the following petition from a number of resident members of the University of Cambridge:

The humble petition of the undersigned, resident members of the Senate of the University of Cambridge, showeth,

That your petitioners are honestly attached to the doctrines and discipline of the church of England as by law established, and are well persuaded of the great benefits it hath conferred and is conferring upon the kingdom at large. They beg leave also to declare their sincere attachment to the University of Cambridge, grounded upon its connexion with the established religion of the country, and upon the wholesome effect it hath produced on the learning, piety, and character of the nation.

'Strongly impressed with this conviction, they would humbly submit to your Honourable House their belief, as Protestant Christians, that no system of civil or ecclesiastical polity was ever so devised by the wisdom of man as not to require, from time to time, some modification, from the change of external circumstances, or the proJAN.-APRIL, 1834.

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