forward. A Tamul Geography and History are now in the Madras Press; an Introduction to the Scriptures, a Volume on the Evidences of Christianity, a Tamul Grammar, a Tamul Hebrew Grammar, a Tamul Latin Grammar, an English Grammar, and a Chronology, are finished and preparing for the Press. When these are printed, the study of them will be more easy and rapid; and some of the Elder Students may then take the place of Teachers in these branches: each boy will then have a copy in hand; whereas, now, he must make himself one, with pen and ink on paper, or with an iron pen on Palmyra-leaves: this certainly has some advantage, but the progress, on the whole, is retarded. They are all fully employed; but they must now do in two days that which, otherwise, they might do in one. Making these allowances, we are fully satisfied with the state and progress of the Seminary; and if others make the same, they will be so too. Moreover, in the present state of the Country, our aim with the Seminarists is not to make them great Astronomers, highly-expert Mathematicians, or profound Philologists—to this neither our time nor our abilities are adequate-but to make them, generally, well-informed men, sound reasoners, and able Theologists, of whom this Country stands, at present, in great need. If Providence favour us with the accomplishment of this object, we shall be thankful, and leave the rest to the next generation. The Press.

Besides the Tracts which we have noticed on former occasions, we have recently addressed one to the Mahomedans, the first of the kind, which we have published by the Tract Association in these parts; likewise the First Part of the 28th Homily of the Church of England, translated into Tamul, and printed for the Calcutta Prayer-Book-and-Homily Society. The Address to the Mahomedans shews, as kindly and carefully as possible, the difference between Christ and Mahomed; with the impossibility of obtaining salvation by means of the Korân. When it began to be circulated, some Moormen were made attentive to the subject; others got angry; and there is reason to suppose that the persecution just now in a village, by the Mahomedans united with the Heathen, before noticed, is partly owing to the reading of this little book.

In the Translation of the Bible into Tamul, Mr. Rhenius has advanced as

far as the xxth chapter of Numbers. The Book of Proverbs also is ready for the Press.

Beneficial Influence of Publications.

Both the Gospels and Tracts have been widely circulated, and have proved the means of blessing to many. A Brahmin having read one of our Tracts, has been convinced of the folly of Astrology, and frankly declared it. Other Brahmins and Soodras have, by reading the Tracts, been led to request Christian Schools in their villages; and Soodras, Shanars, and others, have renounced Idolatry, and embraced Christianity. The Tracts have been the means of removing much prejudice against Christianity among the people: they are, however, regarded by some with enmity: such a person, once highly displeased with them, tore one in the presence of the Native Teacher.

Concluding Remarks.

Reviewing the transactions of the Mission during the last year, we must acknowledge that some further considerable advances have been made in the great work of destroying Satan's dominion, and extending the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ among high and low, rich and poor, old and and young. Considering the strong entrenchments which Satan has around his dominion in this part of the world, and by which so many of our fellow-men are held secure, in ignorance of themselves and their God, in lies and all other ungodliness-and considering the feebleness of the Instruments which are engaged in overthrowing them, like David before Goliah-we do not hesitate to say, from the fullest conviction, that every degree of success in this grand undertaking is solely to be ascribed to the powerful influence of Him, who ascended on high, and led captivity captive.

May we be but strong in faith, and not cast away our confidence in His presence, care, wisdom, and power! Very much is still to be done; and who is sufficient for these things? We tremble when we look on ourselves in this contest: but our Lord is with us. Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain. And the glory of the Lord, shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together; for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. They shall not be ashamed that wait for Him.

Extracts from the Journal of the Rev.

C. T. Rhenius.

July 2, 1829-Yesterday afternoon, the Catechist of Vattakaiviley, with the Headman, brought a cart-load of Idols, which they have ceased to worship: the group consists of the Corlsegarapatna Rajah riding on a horse of stone, his Wife, a Cobra Capella with Krishna, a single Cobra, and a kind of large Rat. The Rajah and his Wife seemed to have been made about 100 years ago: they stand near my Study, to be worshipped no more ! The heathen cartman felt rather backward to transport them, fearing that some disaster would happen to the cart on the road; but all came safe; by which, Superstition has received another blow. Some of these Idols I hope to despatch to England: those who formerly worshipped them are greatly ashamed and astonished that they should ever have thought these things to be gods.

July 5: Sunday-This evening we had the Lord's Supper with about 60 Native Brethren: new encouragement, I trust, was imparted to all, to go on with renewed vigour in our warfare against Satan's kingdom. The Catechists were dismissed to their Stations: the Seminarists, also, went to their homes, on the half-yearly vacation.

July 11-At this time is the Moharram Feast of the Moormen, which even they themselves pronounce disgraceful. David related this evening, at the Missionary Prayer-Meeting, that several of these men have spoken against it; and one Moorman particularly said, that it would soon be dropped, more especially because Christianity spreads so fast. There are troubles in Nedooviley and Kadoovakaritchy.

He

July 13-The Seminarist, Manikam, reported this evening, at the Missionary Prayer-Meeting, that he had been sitting in his village reading Tracts, when several Mahomedans listened; and one of them, a respectable Merchant, told him to come the next day to his house. accordingly went; when, besides other books, the Merchant made him read the Gospel of St. Matthew, of which he had received a copy from Mr. Winckler at Tutecoryn, A crowd assembled before the door, and heard his reading: some of them expressed their displeasure at the Merchant's having brought this boy into his town; but the Merchant quieted them, and told the boy to come again next day. [RECORD, Sept. 1830.]

Manikam went, when they finished reading the Gospel. The Merchant being pleased with it, told him now to go to an open place and read to the people; to which Manikam expressed reluctance, fearing that the other Moormen would beat him; but the Merchant encouraged him. He went and read. A crowd of Moormen heard for a time, when some of them became angry, and one man actually beat him. He then went and told the Merchant; who consoled him, and asked if he would go and make complaint against the offender. Manikam said, No: many Christians have been thus illtreated; and we must bear such things patiently." The Merchant asked him, w hether his Ministers taught him such forbearance? He replied, "Yes, and many more such good things." The man was pleased, gave him something to eat, and told him that he would come and see his Minister.

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July 23-Report arrived, to-day, of horrible outrages in the South, by the Maravers, both against Christians and Heathen in Padookkeipettah, in revenge for their informing against them. Some Christians have been seriously injured in their heads and limbs: two Christians and two Heathens have been taken away by the Maravers, and have not yet been found. The consternation among the people is great.

July 24-Some straying sheep of Streevygundam have returned to the fold: they are Roman Catholics of the Kadeiser Caste, who several years ago turned back to the world. The man who was here to-day, to request re-admission into the Church, seemed much humbled on account of it. About 12 men of the Tinnevelly Congregation came for instruction about Baptism, which they are desirous to receive: among them is also the old

Subahdar.

July 26: Sunday-This was a great day for Tinnevelly: I had the pleasure to baptize 15 persons, including the Subahdar, who has served forty years in the Company's Army. It seems that his long acquaintance with Europeans, his travels in various Countries, and general acquaintance with things, had made him long ago indifferent to Idolatry: about two years ago, he began to pay me visits, and to hear more about Religion; receiving Tracts, which made him think seriously on the subject, and gradually produced in him the resolution to become a Christian.

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He is a Gentoo Man; and has many connections in Tinnevelly, who have hitherto tried many means to shake his purpose. Some time ago he gave once way to them, on a particular family occasion, by putting the mark on his forehead; which he did from a persuasion that it was of no importance. Soon after, he came to me, when I explained the evil of it; which made him very sorry, and he immediately went and remonstrated with his relations. His determination was strengthened; and he desired Baptism more earnestly than ever. He was named Cornelius. The other people were from among the Weavers, mostly young men. Many Heathens were present; among others also, the Brahmin from Manur, mentioned some time ago: he attended the whole Service. I encouraged them all to do likewise. I mentioned to them some false reports with which the enemies try to frighten the people against Baptism. One of them is, that we take a human scull, put dirty water in it, and make the Candidates drink it. "Yes," said the Brahmin, “I also have heard it; but I have now seen it to be a lie." This is commonly reported: and a Heathen this morning, when he saw clean water put into the basin, expressed his surprise to David.

July 27,1829-A Heathen Boy came this afternoon from Pettey, asking for a Gospel of St. Matthew. He had got, somewhere in the street, a Catechism, of which he could tell me several parts by heart. I was much struck with the desire which he had to read these books; and when I hesitated (on purpose) to give him a Gospel, he craved exceedingly for it, saying, that he wished to become a good boy. I could not refuse him; and marvelled at the various ways in which the Holy Spirit works on the minds of men.

Aug. 2: Sunday - This evening, we had the Lord's Supper in English; and last night, a Missionary PrayerMeeting. The Catechists have assembled, and reported an increase in various places. The new Congregation in Vaanaramutti, in the Zemindary of Etiyapooram, has suffered a diminution of six families, being frightened by the persecution of their enemies; but five families seem to be very steady, and suffer very patiently. No artificer can work for them: no bazaar-man must sell them any thing: they are prohibited from drawing water, &c.

Aug. 3-This forenoon I marked the principal Christian Villages on a Map: it was a pleasing task. Though the villages are many, and all could not be inserted for want of space, yet they are still but few, when compared with the whole of the district. It shewed me how much darkness there is still around us. Let God arise; and let His enemies be scattered!

Some people of Vaanaramutti, of the Etiyapooram Zemindary, are here, and shew a remarkably intelligent mind; paying much attention to the Word of God, from which the Catechist, Nganadesi, addressed them this evening, on, He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me. It suited them well; and, unless they are very great deceivers, they exhibit much grace, and very strong faith against all the persecution which is coming on them: they have now been prohibited to till their lands. The new people from Elanganadapooram, near Soleikudiyiruppoo, have applied for a Catechist; and several other places ask for assistance, to build Chapels.

Asirvadam and his companions returned from the Shingampetty Zemindary, among the mountains, whither they went to attend the great Feast there. Many Tracts have been distributed among the Idolaters: the Zemindar's relations, and other great men, took Tracts with much pleasure: some of the people laughed these Messengers to scorn; others murmured that this Vedam had come thither also;" and some tore the Tracts before their faces.

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Aug. 5-This evening we had the Lord's Supper in Tamul; after which the Catechists were dismissed. There were two or three cases, among the Congregations, which were rather painful, and caused us much trouble. We want several Labourers, and there are none ready. May the Lord provide them!

Aug. 9: Sunday Several Heathen attended Divine Service.

Aug. 10-From Alvarneri, a village about 8 miles south-east from hence, came half-a-dozen men, with the Catechist of Aaneiyappapooram, requesting, in the name of 20 families (Shanars), to be received into the Christian Church. This idea has been in their minds these four months, having been often spoken to by the Catechist. I was much pleased with them, and rejoice at the grace of God vouchsafed to them. They have many Idols, which they will presently destroy;

and their small Idol Temple they will convert into a Chapel.

Aug. 11, 1829-The six men from Alvarneri signed their names to serve the Lord. During the day, a Letter arrived from a Modelliar in Alvar Tinnevelly, complaining against these very people; saying, that, by a certain agreement, they owed him some money, and that if they became Christians the Circar Revenue would decrease. I wrote him back, that this matter had nothing to do with their becoming Christians; and that if they in anywise dealt unjustly towards him, he knew where to apply for justice. Examining his messengers in presence of those men, I had evidence enough to conclude that the whole was a trick of the Modelliar.

Aug. 14-This evening I instructed some women who wish to be baptized. We assembled in a Moorman Bungalow recently purchased; which is very advantageously situated for our people when the Church is too far for them, particularly for the women. The purchase was made quite privately by our people; so that the Heathen knew nothing of it till this evening, otherwise they would have done every thing in their power to hinder it: about 20 men and 8 women assembled, with some female children. I was glad to find that the women had so far overcome their former shame, as that they can now be talked to, and that they appear desirous of instruction. I explained to them what state of mind was necessary for Baptism, and exhorted them to seek after it.

Aug. 23: Sunday-This day I had the pleasure of baptizing two Young Men of the Seminary, Nganavuejer and Aananden, and of receiving two Roman Catholics into the Christian Church: a number of Heathen were present; and I trust the Lord imparted His blessing. A man, Michael, who had been a Roman-Catholic Catechist, arrived from Aanirkudiyiruppoo, with a Letter from Catechist Savarimuttoo, requesting me to receive him as a Preparandus. He had five months ago been led to renounce Popery, having heard and read the Gospel; on which the Priest had ejected him, because he had gone into the cursed way. When his threatenings did not bring Michael back, he at last used milder means; and offered to receive him again into the office, if he would return. Michael replied, that as he had once gone into "the cursed way," he would not return to him.

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Aug. 24-A Roman Catholic, from the West, near Kalladeikooritchy, came and wished to hear the Word of God: he had heard some Heathen Soodras read some books of ours; which had pleased him so much, that he could not be any longer without the Word of God. I told him that he might stay and hear, but asked whether he had brought money with him for his support. He said that he had not, but that he did not expect me to provide for him; that he would only stay some days, and then go again to his business : he seemed to be greatly in earnest.

Aug. 25-This morning the Brother-inlaw of the old Goldsmith in Kalladeikooritchy came, with two other Youths, requesting books for some people there, who desired to read them: I accordingly gave. them some.

Aug. 27-A man from Pudukotei, near Pannikoollam in the North, came and asked for instruction in the Christian Religion, as he had no good whatever from Idolatry. He is a Weaver of the low caste, and has received these good impressions by conversing with our people in Pannikoollam. I have sent him to the Catechist there. To-day, a Soodra Boy also came with his Mother, from the Fort, begging very much to be received into the Seminary. He looked a sprightly lad, and very promising. I told them that there was no Idolatry allowed here, &c.; to which the mother replied, that they knew this, and that the boy was very desirous to know the True Religion. As he had not been in any of our Schools, I asked him whence he had got the new idea? He said, from our young Seminarist, Isaac; who, when in the Fort, had often told them of our books, and read them to him.-I have received him.

Aug. 29-The Catechists have assembled; and this evening we had a Missionary Prayer-Meeting. Many Stations have had an increase during the month among others, seven Roman-Catholic Families from Peykoollam.

Aug. 30: Sunday - A large Congregation. A number of new people from Alvarneri came, during Divine Service : they flock like the doves to the windows. We had Isaiah xliv. Mr. Coombes returned this morning from his tour; and has, on the whole, been much gratified. Several new people, of several new villages in that quarter, have subscribed their names to serve the Lord. When Mr. Coombes is at home, he assists in instructing the Preparandi.

Sept. 2, 1829-This evening we had the Lord's Supper with our Native Brethren: the Catechists were dismissed to their Stations. Yesterday we had the TractSociety's Committee Meeting, when we resolved to have the Anniversary on the 30th of this month. We likewise resolved on printing, in the new year, a Course of Short Sermons on the principal subjects of Religion, chiefly for the use of the Catechists and the Congregations. They were very glad of the proposal; and engaged to pay half an anna for each Sermon as it comes out of the Press, besides their regular subscriptions. Various testimonies shew that much good is done by means of Tracts: it is undeniable that many have, by their instrumentality, been led to know the Truth, and to forsake Idolatry. Titus, among others, related, that when he was lately reading Tracts, and speaking about Christianity, a Maraver said, It is true: these are all good things; and Christianity spreads: the Idols perish it has such an effect upon the people, that now even a sheep can stand fearlessly before a wolf." It brought to my mind the words of Isaiah, The wolf shall lie down with the kid; though the man's words did not go quite so far. About seven families of Pudiyaputtoor, near Ota padaroom, north-east, have left Idolatry. This is one of the places which Mr. Coombes mentioned: the Headman was here, and gave me much pleasure by the state of his mind. This village is in the Etiyapooram Zemindary; and several others there have opened the door to the Gospel. What will the Zemindar say to all this ? Whilst he is endeavouring to stop the irruption in the first place, Vaanaramutti, the fire breaks out in three or four other quarters.

Sept. 10-Some of the people of Vaanaramutti have applied again to the Collector for help against the oppressions of the Etiyapooram Zemindar's people. Their difficulties are great: their crops have been cut down by the enemies: they are prohibited from plowing and sowing the village carpenters, smiths, &c. have orders not to do any work for them; the shopkeeper must not sell them any rice, &c.; and all other inhabitants have been prohibited from talking with them. They have been thus situated many days, without any prospect of relief from man. Their whole case we have especially committed to the Lord: He alone is our help and our shield. Many of those who came forward in the beginning

have been frightened by such cruel treatment, and have gone back. Five or six families only stand fast, and seem remarkably courageous. I have sent them some provision.

Sept. 12-Yesterday and to-day a number of Maravers from Melapaleyam and the surrounding villages came, and expressed a desire to become Christians. I examined them very particularly as to their motives and designs, and found reason to be satisfied with them. However, time will shew whether they are in earnest. If they resolve fully to be worshippers of Jehovah, our ground in Melapaleyam, formerly bought for a School, will serve excellently well for building a Chapel.

Sept. 14-A busy day. New people from three or four different villages were here, requesting permission to join the Christian Church: four men were Roman Catholics of low caste; the rest Shanars: some of the latter were from places in the Etiyapooram Zemindary. They happened to come together; and as they could not wait till the Evening Prayer, on account of urgent business at home, I had prayer with them immediately. The Chapel is rebuilding at Mooneinjahpettah; but the head Rettiyar, the Miraskaren, opposes it, and was here with some of his people. We had long discussions on the subject; which at last ended in his offering us a piece of land for the building of a Place of Worship on another 'spot. This I accepted; and so there is a hope that we shall have peace there on that score.

Sept. 15-Again a day full of business, as well as yesterday; which prevented me from doing any thing in translating. The Maravers of Melapaleyam came again, to speak about their being instructed in Christianity. The Headman mentioned, that the owners of the village, having heard of their determination, have threatened them with deprivation of all their advantages, if they become Christians. This has evidently frightened them. I informed them, without reserve, that, in such a great affair as that of their salvation, they must not mind such losses, not even of their lives. These were hard doctrines to them. I gave them still more time to consider the cost well, before they begin building. Two Soodras from Parattipettah, about ten miles south-east, near Aaneiyappapooram, arrived just when I was speaking with the Maravers. I advised them