ἀδικῆσαι, ὕτω δεῖ "eth their enemies; αὐτὸν ἀποκλανθῆναι, "and if any one shall 6 Οὗτοι ἔχεσιν ἐξε"wish to injure them, σίαν κλεῖσαι τὸν "thus must be be ἐξανὸν, ἵνα μὴ βρέ- 16 " slain. 6" slain. These have power to shut up the "heaven, that rain χη 66 ἱεὸς τὰς ἡμέ pas tñs weopnleias αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐξεσίαν ἐδάτων, σφέρειν αυτ 7 Καὶ ὅταν τελέσωσι αβύσσε ποιήσει που λεμον μέ αὐτῶν, καὶ νικήσει αὐτὲς, καὶ ἀποκλενεῖ αὐτές· πώμα αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τῆς πλατείας πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης, ἥτις καλεῖται πνευμα τικώς Σόδομα κ Αἴγυπίος, ὅπᾶ καὶ ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν ἐςαυΟ ρώθη Καὶ βλέπε 8 Καὶ τὸ σιν ἐκ τῶν λαῶν καὶ φυλῶν καὶ γλωσσῶν καὶ ἐθνῶν, τὸ πλῶμα αὐτῶν ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ ἥμισυ, καὶ τὰ πλώματα αὐτῶν ἐκ ἀφήσωσι τεθῆναι εἰς 10 μνήμα. Kai oi καλοικόνες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς χαίρεσιν ἐπ' 7 may not fall during "the days of their “ prophecy, and they “ have power over the waters, to turn them "to blood, and to "smite the land with 66 every plague, as " often as they shall “be willing. And “ when they shall be 66 finishing their testi mony, the wild"beast, which as"cendeth out of the "bottomless deep, "shall make war with “ them, and shall over manner be killed. 6 These have power to 7 shut heaven, that it rain not in the days of their prophecy: and have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to smite the earth with all plagues, as often as they will. And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that ascendeth out of the bottomless pit, shall make war against them, and shall overcome them, s and kill them. And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was 9 crucified. And they of the people, and kindreds, and tongues, and nations, shall see their dead bodies three days and an half, and shall not suffer their dead bodies to be put 10 in graves. And they that dwell upon the earth shall rejoice over them, and make merry, and shall send gifts one to another; because these two prophets tormented them Ch. xi. 1−14] αὐτοῖς, καὶ εὐφραν θήσονται, καὶ δῶρα πέμψεσιν αλλή λοις, ὅτι ἔτοι οἱ δύο προφῆται ἐβα σάνισαν τις καλοκα κύνας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. 11 Καὶ μετὰ τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἥμισυ, τονεῦμα ζωῆς ἐκ τῆ Θεῖ εἰσῆλθεν ἐπ ̓ αὐτές· καὶ ἔζησαν ἐπὶ τες πόδας αυτ τῶν· καὶ φόβος μέγας ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὰς θεω 12 ένας αὐτές. Καὶ ἤκεσαν φωνὴν με γάλην ἐκ τῇ ἐραν, λέγεσαν αὐτοῖς· Αὧδε και τάθηκε ἐρανὸν ἐν τῇ νεφέλη καὶ ἐθεώρησαν αυ τὲς οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτῶν· 13 Καὶ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐγένελο σεισμὸς μέγας, καὶ τὸ δέ καλον τῆς πόλεως ἔπεσε, καὶ ἀπε κλάνθησαν ἐν τῷ σεισμό ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων χιλιάδες ἁπλά· καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ έμφοβοι ἐγένοντο, καὶ ἔδωκαν δόξαν τῷ 14Θεῷ τὸ ἐρανό. Η ἐαὶ ἡ δευτέρα ἀπὸ ἦλθεν ἰδὲ, ἡ ἐπὶ ἡ τρίτη ἔρχεται ταχύ. they heard a loud "voice from heaven, that dwelt on the 11 earth. And after three days and an half, the Spirit of life from God entered into them: and they stood upon their feet, and great fear fell upon them which saw them. 12 And they heard a great voice from heaven, saying unto them, Come up hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud, and their enemies beheld 13 them. And the saine hour was there a great earthquake, and the tenth part of the city fell, and in the earthquake were slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant were affrighted, and gave glory to the God of 14 heaven. The second woe is past, and behold, the third woe cometh quickly. Ver. 1.A reed like unto a rod.] A reed*, being both straight and light, became a fit instrument for measuring; and, like our rood, rod, or pole, had its definite measure. The Hebrew rod or reed was, according to Michaelis, of six ells, each ell being five or six hand-breadths. Such a measuring instrument is now placed in the hands of the prophet, who, on receiving his new commission, is ordered "to measure "the Temple of God, and the altar, and those who worship therein." The commission extends not only to the temple and altar, but to the worshippers who frequent them; and, compared with Ezek. xl. Zech. ii. Hab. iii. 6, will appear to authorize an examination into the state of divine worship in the times of this Trumpet, and an estimate of the number and kind of the worshippers. Concerning the first part of the commission, which respects the temple and altar, and the worship of those who are admitted to the nearest presence of the Deity, no account is returned. In those times of ignorance and superstition, under the beginnings of the sixth Trumpet, few they were, who worshipped "in spirit and in truth." But the outer court of the Temple is particularly mentioned; and it is not to be measured, for the God of the Temple will not acknowledge such worship as, under the times of this Trumpet, was performed there; it is ordered not to be measured, but to be cast out; and the Gentiles are to take possession of it; and at the same time they are to possess themselves of the holy city surrounding it, during a period of fortytwo months. And during this period (the length of * In the Hebrew, p-whence the Greek navwy, and the English cane. which will be explained) we have no mention of the inner temple; till, at the sound of the seventh Trumpet, "the Temple of God is opened in Heaven, and "the Ark of his covenant is seen *." Then is restored a purer worship; then men draw nearer unto God," in the beauty of holiness." Ver. 2. The holy city shall they tread.] The Holy City is the Christian Church, which, after the rejection and destruction of the sacred Jerusalem, was received in its stead which will appear clearly from this instance, that the Christian Church in its renovated and purer state is called, "the New Jerusalem † ;” and Jerusalem is certainly "the Holy City ." The Temple was at Jerusalem with its altar, and holy place, and Holy of Holies: but these, at least the inner and more sacred places, are not given to the Gentiles, but the outer court only, with the city surrounding, which they are to occupy during the period assigned to them. It is said in the received translation, that "they "shall tread under foot the holy city;" &c.-And the commentators, who have generally admitted this translation, have explained it to signify, that" they "shall trample upon, and tyrannize over, the Church "of Christ." I have translated the Greek (which is walna) simply by the word tread; because I entertain doubts whether either the Greek expression, or the context, will require or indeed admit of any other meaning. The verb waler signifies simply to tread; and to tread the courts of the temple, is synonymous, in Scriptural language, to worshipping therein. Thus God, * Ver. 19. † Gal. iv. 25, 26. Rev. iii. 12. note xxi. 2. 10. Matt. v. 35. xxvii. 50. by by the mouth of his prophet, rejecting the worship of the polluted Israelites, says, "who hath required "this at your hands, to tread my courts?" where the Greek is, wale Tape, and has the same signification as in Psalm 1xv. 4, to frequent, or dwell in, my courts. To tread under foot, to trample upon indignantly, is commonly expressed by xalamale, naTaTaleopa, of which many instances may be seen in the concordances. Or, if water is ever used in this sense, to express indignant trampling, a preposition generally follows, (as male av opewv) which brings it to express the same sense as καλαπατεω. Παλειν is indeed employed to express the treading grapes in a winepress; but that action is simply treading; and, excepting in its metaphorical sense, implies no indignation. Metaphorically, it expresses indignation; because, in that borrowed sense, the treading seems to be destruction attended with blood. It may indeed be used in that borrowed sense in this passage; but I am inclined to think that it is not, for the reasons assigned above; and also, because the history of the times, hereby signified, agrees better with the notion. of the Gentiles being the occupiers of the Christian Church, (not of its holy interior, but of its exterior courts and surrounding streets,) than with that of their trampling under foot, and tyrannizing over it, during the long period assigned to them. From the time when the Gentiles took possession of the Church, and began to tread its courts; from the time that Constantine, by adopting Christianity, made it the Religion of the nations; "Kings became her nursing Ilary, wogviola: Hesych. The vulgate, and the Ethiopic version, as given in Latin, have calcabunt not conculcabunt: Walton's Polyglot. "fathers, |