What Education Has to Learn from Psychology

ability achievement activity ality animal anxiety approval arithmetic attitudes B. F. Skinner basic become behavior Bureau of Publications chil chology Clark Hull classroom Columbia University concept demonstrated E. L. Thorndike Educa Educational Psychology effect emotion ence experiment fact factors failure given goals grade havior high anxiety high school human incentive individual differences infant influence Journal of Educational Journal of Experimental Karl Abraham later law of effect lbid material means memorizing ment mental age method mother motivation O. H. Mowrer organism P. M. Symonds parents personality point of view practice principle problem psychol psychotherapy punishment pupils reactions reading reinforcement relation response reward Serial Learning situation sonality stimulus stress success takes place task teach Teachers College theory thinking Thorndike's tion tional tive transfer W. I. Thomas whole whole-method words York