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of the widows of the late Rajah, and of Mr. Swartz, as the guardian of Serfojee, to Lord Cornwallis, who had recently given peace to India, at the close of an arduous and successful contest with Tippoo Sultan. These consisted of documents and proofs so clear and satisfactory, that no doubt could be entertained as to the result of the investigation; and it may seem difficult to account for the delay which took place in bringing it to a conclusion. The return of the governor general to Europe in the course of that year might, perhaps, have contributed to it. Certain it is, that it was not till four years afterwards that the question was finally decided. It will, therefore, be expedient to suspend the farther consideration of it till that period.

In the mean time it may not be irrelevant to observe, that the administration of the revenue of Tanjore was restored to Ameer Sing, in July, 1793, an arrangement which the Court of Directors would willingly have deferred till the determination of the inquiry into the rights of Serfojee.

During the assumption of Tanjore by the Madras government, the judicial regulations proposed by Mr. Swartz were carried into effect by the collectors with much benefit to the inhabitants. But no sooner had the management of the country again devolved on Ameer Sing, than the old system of mal-administration recommenced; Shevarow and his brothers regained, and even increased, their former ascendency; having the Rajah so completely in their power, that they did not scruple openly to declare that he owed his elevation to them, and that whenever they pleased they were able to dethrone him.

Mr. Swartz having made every necessary arrangement for the residence of Serfojee and his relatives at the presidency, consented, at the earnest desire of his missionary brethren, to spend some time at Vepery near Madras, with Mr. Gericke, to assist that excellent man in his laborious work.

"Here," he says, writing to a friend in England, "I have carefully observed the regulations made by Mr. Gericke, his admirable order respecting divine service, in the Malabar, Portuguese, and English tongues. On Sunday mornings, he preaches to the Tamulian or Malabar congregation, in the afternoon to the Portuguese, and in the evening to the English. He catechises every evening in one of these languages. I confess it has given me great satisfaction to behold that all is done with the greatest regularity and propriety. I am now his assistant in this delightful work. May God soon send him a faithful fellow-laborer! My dear brother, you may assure our venerable superiors, that they will rejoice at the last day in beholding the fruits of that work which they piously support."

The mutual testimony of two such men as Swartz and Gericke, eminently sincere and simple as they both were, is peculiarly gratifying. It was probably about this period, that the latter gave the following brief but beautiful sketch of his venerable senior to his friends in Germany, which, though varying in some interesting traits, so closely resembles the portraits previously drawn by Mr. Chambers and Mr. Commerer, that it is impossible not to feel assured of the fidelity of each description to the admirable original.

"I found him," says Mr. Gericke, "as healthy and vigorous as he was several years ago. He devotes four hours every day to the instruction of English and Tamul children, and such native Christians as are prepared for baptism; after which he enters into the most cheerful and edifying conversation with those who visit him.

"The purity of his mind, his disinterestedness and strict integrity, his active zeal for the prosecution of the mission, and his constant attention to the

temporal as well as spiritual prosperity of the native Christians, his indefatigable exertions to procure them the means of subsistence, his pastoral wisdom and charity, his fervor in prayer, his eminent talent of engaging the attention even of mixed companies by the manner and tone of his conversation, his peculiar skill in noticing defects and reproving faults with so friendly and cheerful an air, that even the highest and proudest are not offended-these, and many other excellent qualities, but rarely found together, render him universally beloved and respected; and even the whole of his outward deportment, his silver locks, and serenely beaming eye, and all the features of his countenance, are calculated to inspire both veneration and affection.

"I spent a whole week with this patriarch, in a very delightful manner, and almost forgot in his society that I was sick."

During his stay with Mr. Gericke, Swartz, in a letter to the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge, dated Madras, Feb. 3, 1793, after observing that the admonitions and pious wishes of the Society, expressed in their Secretary's correspondence, were received with due veneration, and that he and his brethren had during the preceding year been preserved and encouraged in proclaiming the glad tidings of salvation to the heathen around them, thus details the apparently alarming circumstances relating to the conversion of some of the natives which were before briefly alluded to.

"Many of them," he writes, "were baptized last year, and particularly some of those called kallar, who are looked upon as the worst, and somewhat resemble the thievish Arabs.. These people having been instructed two months, were baptized. Being baptized, we insisted upon their becoming industrious in their proper business. All of them had very good fields, which they were exhorted to cultivate. To these exhortations we added ocular inspection. I went and visited them in their villages. Having examined them in respect of their knowledge, and prayed with them, which was commonly done in the presence of a great many heathens, I desired to see the fruits of their industry; on which they fully satisfied me. I then exhorted them to be honest, in paying the usual rent to government, which they soon did in a pleasing manner. appearance was agreeable, and the prospect hopeful. "As the watercourses in their district had not been cleaned for fifteen years, by which neglect the cultivation was impeded, and the harvest lessened, I entreated the collector to advance a sum of money to clear them, promising to send people to inspect the work. The work was completely done, and those inhabitants who formerly, for want of water, had reaped only four thousand large measures, called kalam, reaped now fourteen thousand kalams, and rejoiced in the increase. The whole district reaped nearly one hundred thousand kalams more than they had done the preceding year.

The

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"But this our joy was soon turned into grief.— The heathens observing that many of their relations wished to embrace Christianity, and that such as had been baptized refused to join in their plundering expeditions, assembled and formed an encampment, threatening to extirpate Christianity. all looked dismal. Many of the Christians were encouraged by their relations, who were heathens, to form an opposite camp. But I exhorted the Christians to make use of other weapons, viz. prayer, humility, and patience; telling them in strong terms, that if they became aggressors, I should disown them. This disturbance lasted four months, and became very serious, as the malcontents neglected the cultivation of their own fields, and deterred others from doing it. I wrote to these misguided people, (for they had mischievous guides,)

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sent catechists to them, exhorted them not to com- | Christ-in whom he believed, whom he loved, and mit such horrid sins, and reminded them that my whose cause he so gladly promoted. His revered former endeavors, so beneficial to them, had not memory will remain a blessing with us. May God merited such treatment. At last finding no opposi- excite us all, and me especially, to pursue our calltion from the Christians, and not being willing to ing vigorously; and when our hour arrives, may be looked upon as the aggressors, all went to their we follow him in peace!" homes and work, ploughing and sowing with double diligence. My heart rejoiced at the kind overruling providence-surely he is a God that heareth prayer."

Together with the preceding letter, Swartz transmitted one from Mr. Janicke, who had returned to Tanjore, which contained a gratifying report of his labors in conjunction with Sattianaden, who occasionally preached for him in his native language, at Palamcotta. "The Europeans," he observed, regularly frequented the church, to which they were encouraged by the good example of the commanding officer. The Christians in the Tinnevelly district generally resided in the country, and formed several congregations. For their use he had erected some chapels, at the expense of Mr. Swartz. Many of those converts were Christians, not in name only but in reality. There is every reason to hope," he added, "that at a future period Christianity' will prevail in the Tinnevelly country. Himself and Sattianaden had severally made journeys into parts of the country where the word of God had never been preached; and the people were generally attentive, and desirous of hearing; they assembled in hundreds, and showed him every respect, and numbers had conducted him from village to village.Sattianaden had experienced the same attention.More than thirty persons came afterwards to Palamcotta to be instructed and baptized. Such happy effects," he remarked, "would often be experienced, could such journeys be frequently repeated."

In a postscript to this letter, Mr. Swartz added, that since his arrival at Madras, he had frequently conversed with Sir Charles Oakley, and represented to him the usefulness of the provincial schools, in consequence of which the governor had consented to the establishment of one or two more, as soon as opportunities should occur.

The following extracts from letters to two of his friends in Germany and England, during his residence in this presidency, will be found peculiarly interesting.

"I received your welcome letter," he writes to one of them, a few days ago. God be humbly praised for all his goodness to you and yours, and for all the success with which he has blessed you in your ministry. Next to our own share in reconciling grace, the highest blessing which God can bestow upon us is to labor with success in the salvation of souls.

"As to me, I am tolerably strong, though in my sixty-seventh year, and during my stay at Madras, where I have been some time, I have been enabled to preach three times on the Sunday, without being exhausted. It is quite a refreshment to me when I can preach the gospel of Christ. And herein the gracious God has heard my prayer, that he has given me constant opportunities of preaching his word, without being withheld from it by lingering illness; for which his name be praised." He then proceeds to give some account of his schools, and provision for orphans, and adds, "Being unmarried, this is not a burden to me. The poor shall be my heirs."

"Your letter," thus he writes to another friend, "in which you mention the death of our valuable and much-loved brother, Mr. Pasche, has been received. The high esteem we entertained for him only tends to render our bereavement more severe. With him it is now unspeakably well. He is with

The following account of the young Serfojee, in a letter to a third correspondent at this period, shows the pains which the pious missionary had taken to inculcate upon his distinguished pupil the principles of true religion, and the benefit which he had at that time derived from his instructions.

affectionate, and gentle disposition; at least he has "The young man," he says, "is of a very docile, given proofs of it hitherto. I have often explained to him the doctrines of holy Scripture, and set before him the examples of real goodness which it records. That of Joseph made a strong impression on him. Frequently, when his servants were complaining and murmuring, he has turned to them and said: 'Have you never heard that it is our duty to humble ourselves; and that God at length helps those who are bowed down, as he did in the case of Joseph ?'"

In a subsequent letter Mr. Swartz thus reverts to this interesting subject; and the following passage affords another example of his singular disinterest

edness.

"For two years I have discharged the duties of a resident. A resident usually receives seven thouI have not sand star pagodas, or £3000 sterling. received any thing, nor have I asked it.

"My journey to Madras, I undertook at the desire of government, as tutor of Serfojee. The expenses of the journey I bore myself. I was obliged for conscience sake to undertake it, as the legal guardian of the young man. His life was in the utmost danger. He is now at Madras, learns English, and reads good books. What effect this may have on his future life, is known to Him alone who Lord Cornwallis trieth the heart and the reins. behaves very kindly to him, and said to me, 'I wish the young man were Rajah already.' When I was about to quit Madras, the governor said to me, 'But the Tanjore family will be without superintendence!' However, when I told him that Mr. Gericke would undertake the office, in my stead, he was satisfied."

Of Mr. Gericke's pions endeavors to fulfil the charge thus entrusted to him, a pleasing proof is afforded by the following extract from a letter, which occurs in the recently published Memoirs of Mrs. Hannah More.*

The

"I received a letter," says a friend of that admirable lady, "by the last ships from India, from Mrs. Toriano. She mentions having seen at Madras, a missionary of the name of Gericke, who visited her very frequently, and in whose society she found great comfort. He told her that the Rajah of Tanjore had been for a short time under his care, and that he was fond. of English books. Mr. Gericke put into his hands Mrs. H. More's tracts. Rajah preferred them to the Rambler, which somebody had given him, and declared he liked Mrs. More's works better than any of the English books he had ever read. Mr. Gericke wishes that Mrs. More should be made acquainted with this, that she may know how extensively useful her writings are. He told Mrs. Toriano there were few things he desired so much, as to see and converse with Mrs. H. More and Mr. Wilberforce; that from the 'Estimate of the religion of the fashionable world,' he had often taken sermons, but did not know, till she told him, who was the author of it."

Mr. Swartz quitted Madras Sept. 20, accompanied for several miles by the young prince and his

* Vol. ii. p. 433.

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"On the 9th of October Mr. Swartz reached Tranquebar, to which place I had gone before him. He remained there till the 14th. I was again struck by the whole tenor of his conversational addresses. He knew admirably how to combine instruction with the most pleasant entertainment. He constantly kept the great end of his missionary work in view, and yet he won all hearts by the urbanity of his manners, and the sweetness and pleasantness of his disposition. He knows how to convey to his hearers admirable lessons of practical wisdom, and to draw from the localities of the respective places which he visits, from the prejudices and modes of thinking of the inhabitants, and from their diversified manners and customs, max. ims of prudence which are peculiarly calculated to facilitate to the missionary laborer access to the understanding and the hearts of the people.

"I studied Malabar (Tamul) on the road, but made little progress. Only patience,' Mr. Swartz says, 'we cannot take firm steps at once. When we arrive at Tanjore, I will instruct you according to rule, and you will soon learn to go.'

suite. Mr. Pæzold, the new missionary for Madras, | Mr. Swartz remained in this place until the 7th of was also the companion of his journey. October, in order to gratify the earnest desire ex"We rested in the evening," observes Mr. Pæ- Fressed by the Malabar and Portuguese Christians zold, in his diary of this interesting journey, at to receive the holy sacrament of the Lord's SupTripatore, a large heathen place, distinguished by per. He prepared them a whole week for the entwo celebrated idol temples, which are situated on joyment of that sacred ordinance, with an activity an eminence. Mr. Swartz embraced the opportunity and perseverence which I cannot sufficiently adof entering into a long conversation with a number mire. One Sunday he preached three times in of Brahmins and of other heathen. He addressed English, Malabar, and Portuguese, while I read them in a most eloquent and impressive manner, the prayers in English. powerfully contrasting the follies and corruptions of heathenism, and the state of awful blindness and delusion under which its professors labored, with the light and purity of the Christian religion, and its perfect accordance with the dictates of sound and enlightened reason. I observed with wonder and delight the eagerness and attention with which the heathen population listened to his instructive discourses. But to attract and keep up such attention, one really must possess the talents and influence of a Swartz-his intimate acquaintance with the native language, his prudence, experience, and commanding authority. For a considerable time he continued the conversation in a standing position, and though I did not sufficiently understand the Malabar dialect, in which he addressed the numerous assembly, I could still perceive from their eyes, their gestures, and the whole of their outward deportment, how deeply interested they felt. Indeed when certain questions were proposed, or certain answers given, I repeatedly heard them exclaim, Surely this is true; this is right; thus it should be.' The shades of night were coming on, and Mr. Swartz was preparing to retire to a resting place, but the people wished to detain him still longer. Stay with us,' was their exclamation, we wish to listen to you still further. Sit down, both of you, you are tired by standing.' We therefore sat down on the steps of one of their temples, near an enormous idol car, which during their festivals is sometimes drawn by two or three thousand people. Mr. Swartz protracted his addresses for another half hour, and when he left them they all united in thanking him for the pains bestowed upon "Mr. Swartz loves trees. He has in his garden them. But should you, however, ask such people shadock, orange, and lemon trees, some of them in afterwards, what reason they would assign for not full bearing; likewise the moringa, the cotton-tree, embracing a doctrine which it is impossible for entire avenues of mango, tamarind, and teak trees, them to refute, and which they could not help pro- besides several others. Nor are flowers and flowernouncing truly admirable, they return answers like ing shrubs forgotten. There is the bignonia, the these: We certainly should embrace it, were it michelia champaca, the guettarda, mimusops, plnnot for the world, and our means of living. The meria alba, gardenia florida, myrtles, roses, and world would hate, despise, insult us. And even several kinds of nyctanthes. Besides these, I found from your own Christian people we should meet here the ixora alba, and, as a great rarity, a small with ridicule and contempt. And how can we re-olive tree, and the ixora chinensis. A fine hedge fuse the demands of nature? You missionaries of the justicia picta (called by the Moors the smilcannot support us, nor would it be fair to require ing leaf) is a great ornament. To this large garyou to do it. Your governors will make no provi- den is attached a kitchen-garden, parted off fro'u it sion for us. Besides, our ancestors have constantly by a lane; and which supplies the table almost all professed the same religion which we are profess- the year through. The garden contains but two ing.' species of palm, the cocoa and the areca-palm; the date-palm is, however, very common around Tanjore. It has also vines. In the dry season it is watered from a tank."*

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Mr. Pezold subsequently refers to his intercourse with Mr. Swartz upon this occasion, in a letter to the Rev. Mr. Uebele.

On reaching Tranquebar he found Mr. Rottler, one of the brethren of that mission, who afterwards removed to Vepery, in a weak state of health, for the recruiting of which Mr. Swartz invited him to Tanjore, whither he soon afterwards proceeded. Writing from thence, after describing the forts and the town, the mission houses, church, and gardens, Mr. Rottler thus mentions what was, doubtless, a source of delightful recreation to the venerable missionary, as well as of utility to his establishment.

Mr. Swartz, after a short stay with his brethren at Tranquebar, visited Negapatam. Here he had an opportunity of exerting his benevolent influence in behalf of the poor Protestant Christians.

"In the progress of this journey I derived much pure enjoyment from the conversations which I was favored to carry on with that excellent man; they were instructive and delightful. I wish you could have listened to his discourses, or still more have "I found," he says, many families in actual taken a part in them. He did not conceal from me want. Formerly the place was wealthy, and the the difficulties which I should have to encounter inhabitants in prosperity; but now the fortifications in the performance of my missionary offices. Bless- are entirely razed, and its trade is nearly annihied be God, he is still full of life and cheerfulness.lated. Those who held offices under the Dutch "The first rosting-place in our journey to Cuddalore was the Dutch fortress Sadras, where the governor hospitably entertained us, and where Mr. Swartz preached to the Dutch in German, and to the Portuguese in their own vernacular tongue.

Company, are in the utmost distress. My pity was excited for the poor people; and as it was not possible for private individuals adequately to relieve

Memors of Mr. Janicke, p. 105.

them, I wrote to the government at Madras, repre- | work by the allurements of riches, and the attracsented their distress, and solicited for help. The tions of worldly society ; but it should never be government ordered them a monthly allowance of forgotten that when he became, by his marriage, forty pagodas. God be praised for this relief." It possessed of considerable wealth, he nobly erected is satisfactory to add, that this sum continues to be at his sole expense, and at the cost of no less a sum paid, and is distributed under the direction of the than £12,000, a mission church, two houses for Society's missionaries. missionaries, and a school-room, where, in conjunction with several distinguished converts from the Roman Catholic church, he labored successfully, both among the natives and the nominal members of that church, till the year 1788. At that ad

From Negapatam, Mr. Swartz wrote the following paternal and judicious letter to Serfojee, Rajah.

"MY DEAR FRIEND,

"I received your kind letter when I was at Cud-vanced period of his life, oppressed by age and

dalore. I praise God who preserved your health, bounded liberality and the failure of some impru infirmity, and reduced to poverty by habits of unand am happy to hear you are endeavoring to im- dent speculations, he was compelled to resign his prove in useful learning. The knowledge of the office, and to transfer the property of the mission English language may be to you very useful. Be-church, school, and burial-ground, to the Rev. sides, try to get a sufficient knowledge in arithmetic, David Brown, Mr. Chambers, and the late Charles learn to write a good, and if possible, an elegant Grant, Esq., the two latter of whom had generously letter in English and Mahratta. By this you will united in the purchase of those buildings with the facilitate your business, and please your corres- sole view of preserving a foundation for a mission pondents. I am happy to hear that Dada enjoys a at Calcutta. Mr. Chambers, as well as Mr. Brown, better state of health. I hope and wish that he may occasionally corresponded with the Society for proassist you as much as possible in arithmetic and writmoting Christian Knowledge, for the purpose of ing letters. Besides, tell him to acquaint you with forwarding this great object. Many efforts were all the country's accounts, and how to make, and made to maintain that important post; and for how to examine them. If you are deficient in that several years Mr. Brown, and the late Archdeacon point, all that you do will prove a drudgery instead Owen, performed divine service at the mission of pleasure. church, in the hope that the providence of God would prosper the Society's endeavors for the dif fusion of religious knowledge in Bengal. Two missionaries were successively sent out to Calcutta; but both within a short period abandoned the work; and a few years after the death of Mr. Chambers, the Society felt itself compelled to relinquish Calcutta as one of its missionary stations. Repeatedly, however, were the exertions of Mr. Chambers in the sacred cause, acknowledged by the Society; nor can it be doubted that the death of so able and zealous a friend, tended considerably to the present disappointment of their hopes as to that quarter of the country. But his efforts, and those of his excellent coadjutors, were not in vain. The mission church continued, by the pious exertions of Brown, and subsequently of Buchanan and Thomason, to cherish a spirit of zeal for the propagation of Christianity at that Presidency till a later period, when it was revived and invigorated under the higher and more powerful auspices of the episcopal establishment in India.

Pay always a proper regard to the Baie Sahebs, and show them that you honor them notwithstanding their infirmities. I need not tell you that my good brother, Mr. Gericke, will give you the best advice, and I hope that you will be willing to follow

it.

Above all, I entreat you to seek the favor of the only true God. If He be your friend, all will be well. If you leave and provoke him, all will go wrong. Pray to him daily; for he hears our prayers, and helps us.

"Tell Dottagee that I have received his letters, which have pleased me very much. I shall answer as soon as I arrive at Tanjore.

"Give my respects to the two ladies, and tell them that I pray to God to make them truly happy. "May God bless, strengthen, and guide you by his divine Spirit! So wishes,

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My dear friend, "Your affectionate friend and guardian, "C. F. SWARTZ.* 'Negapatam, Oct. 24th, 1793."

It was in the course of this year that Swartz lost his distinguished and valued friend, Mr. Chambers. The death of that excellent person was announced in the annual report of the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge with expressions of great concern, and repeated in that of the following year with renewed regret, as an event which had deeply affected the interests of true religion in India, and particularly those of the Calcutta mission. This had been originally established by Mr. Kiernander, and during many years had been ably and zealously superintended by that eminent missionary. He had, indeed, for a time, been impeded in his great

This and three other letters from Mr. Swartz to Serfojee, which shortly follow, have been transmitted to the author since the publication of the first edition of these Memoirs, by the Rev. A. C. Thompson, one of the missionaries of the Society for the propagation of the Gospel at Tanjore. "He hopes," he says, to "obtain others still more interesting," which, combined with the testimonies elsewhere adduced, amply evince the anxiety of the pious writer to promote the religious improvement of the young Rajah.

It will readily be imagined that the loss of a friend so highly and so justly esteemed as Mr. Chanbers, must have been deeply felt by Swartz. It is remarkable, however, that men, who, like him, and uncertainty of all human things, combined with have a strong and habitual impression of the frailty a lively faith in the infinite importance and permanent reality of things eternal, with an unshaken confidence in the wisdom and goodness of God, and with an animating hope of future happiness, are accustomed to express themselves with great calmness and moderation under the trials and vicissitudes of life, and to be chiefly anxious to promote submission to the will of God, and acquiescence in the dispensations of his providence. Such was eminently the characteristic of Buchanan, and such is the tenor of the following letter to the widow of Mr. Chambers; which, if it should be thought deficient in the warm expression of sympathising sorrow,

* Mr. Kiernander was intimately acquainted with Lord Clive, and lived much in the highest circle in Calcutta. Forsaken, however, in his latter days, by the world, he retraced, in humiliation and sorrow, the steps of his early piety; and his end, though painful and affecting, was full of peace, and of Christian hope.

breathes the most exalted spirit of Christian resig- | Christians, great and small, parents and children nation, and imparts the richest consolation.

"DEAR MADAM,

"The loss of a dear husband, which you have sustained, is felt by you; and as he was my dear friend, with whom I had contracted an intimate friendship, is, you may be sure, felt by me. But God, who is the giver of our life, has a right to take it from us whenever he pleaseth.

thronged around this beloved teacher, every one trying to get nearest to him, and be the first to greet him with O Sir God be praised.' The scene was rendered the more affecting by Mr. Swartz himself being unable to refrain from tears of joy."

In a letter to Professor Schultz a few months afterwards, he replies to some inquiries respecting the recent termination of the war in Mysore.

"Having lost," he says, "a great part of his "If we die in the Lord, united to him who has re- army, Tippoo offered to capitulate. He perceived deemed us, and having a share in his precious that Seringa patam would soon fall, and sent an amatonement, we are gainers by death, though the sur-bassador to sue for peace. The articles proposed vivors may lose. It is therefore our duty to be resigned to the will of our Lord. 'not my will but thine, O Father, be done!' This is the most difficult lesson; but at the same time a lesson which is attended with the greatest blessing. It is natural to shed a tear over the grave of our dear friends; but it is truly Christian to resign our will to the will of God.

"Whatever you, dear madam, or your children have lost by the death of our friend, God is able and willing to make it up.

"When we give our hearts to him, we promise that we will be pleased with the ways in which he leads us.

"When our friends are called away, we are to remember that they are with the Lord; and that it is our happiness to be disengaged from the world, and to become heavenly-minded. May the death of our deceased friend move our hearts to look upwards, and to be prepared for the coming of our Lord! "God, who is the friend of widows and the father of the orphan, will, no doubt, take care of you and your children. Put your trust in him, and all will be well.

"The commission which you have been pleased to send me by the Rev. Mr. Brown, I have executed as well as I could, and have got a pleasing promise which I hope will be fulfilled. God knows a thousand ways of supplying our wants, though it seems very difficult to us how to comprehend it.He is called the hearer of prayer. Let your heart

were mortifying to his pride-for he has lost half his territories, and was required to pay a heavy sum, and surrender his children as hostages; but he preferred suffering the loss, rather than risk the storming of his capital.

"When I was at Madras, the governor asked me if I would not call on Tippoo's children. I did so, and found the younger, who is about nine or ten years old, full of animation. He read several Persian verses to me concerning the Providence of God, and our duty to submit without repining to his allotment. The elder boy was silent. It is said that he stammers a little, and therefore is not fond of speaking before strangers.

"Tippoo has paid the money. He is humbled, but not conciliated. He is now occupied in bringing his army into good condition again. He has got over the grief occasioned by his loss; but he has not forgotten it."

These and similar notices of public affairs which occur in the journals and letters of Swartz, though brief, are distinct and valuable; and while there is reason to regret that they are not more full and frequent, their incidental occurrence only tends to il lustrate his entire devotedness to the great and allabsorbing object of his life and labors-the cause of Christ, and the promotion of his gospel.

CHAPTER XIX.

A. D. 1793 TO A. D. 1796.

be confident when you lay your wants before him. Debate in Parliament on the renewal of the East India Company's

Trust in him, and you will never be confounded. May Jesus be your wisdom, righteousness, sanctifi; cation, and redemption! Let us not glory in any thing below; but in him who is the source of all our blessings.

"Commending you and your dear children to the care, protection, and blessing of a reconciled God, am sincerely,

"Dear Madam, "Your affectionate friend and humble servant, "C. F. SWARTZ. "Cuddalore, Oct. 5, 1793."

I

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Charter in 1793-Letter of Mr. Swartz in reply to some reflections of Mr. M. Campbell on Missionaries, in the course of that debateLetters to Serfojee, and to Mr. and Mrs. Duffin—Additional testimony of Mr. Pazold-Report to the Society for the year 1795Letter to a friend.

UPON the renewal of the charter of the East India Company, in the year 1793 it was resolved in a committee in the House of Commons, "that it is the peculiar and bounden duty of the legislature to promote, by all just and prudent means, the interest and happiness of the inhabitants of the British domiInions in India; and that for these ends such meato their advancement in useful knowledge, and t sures ought to be adopted as may gradually ten their religious and moral improvement." In pursu tinguished member of the House, who was upon ance of this wise and benevolent resolution, a dised to advance the interest of humanity and religion, all occasions the zealous advocate of plans calculatand to ameliorate the condition of mankind, prothe renewal of the Company's charter, in favor of posed certain clauses in the Bill then in progress for the establishment of free schools and the encouragement of Christian missionaries in India.

Important as this proposition was, and directly according with the professed intentions of the legislature, it was one which had at that period excited so little public attention or concern, that Considering the prejudices of many persons, both in

The late William Wilberforce, Esq.

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