knows what is truly good for us. To resign our will to his is our duty and our happiness too. May God preserve and guard him in the passage, so that you may meet one another with joy!

"May I not entertain a ray of hope of your coming to this country, and passing the evening of your days under my roof; where you should be exactly as retired as you wished? Mrs. Hudleston, who is extremely sensible of your goodness to her, heartily joins me in this invitation. We live in a

"As God has made you a joyful mother, you will, I hope, be happy in educating your children, so that they may be a blessing to their fellow-quiet, retired manner, and our principal anxiety creatures, and a true joy of both your hearts.

"I must confess that the education which many parents give to their children, is highly detrimental. They spend their younger years in learning those things which profit them nothing. Their understandings are not furnished with divine knowledge, their wills are not bent to love and obey God, their passions not properly restrained or directed. At last they grow up without fearing, obeying and honoring God: they are ashamed of showing any thing relative to true Christianity. They are taught to do their duty, without knowing the source from whence they ought to draw strength.

will soon be directed to the education of our children; a work in which you, my dear sir, would give us the most truly valuable assistance."

In a postscript to this letter, dated October 31, 1794, Mr. Hudleston adds, that, at the suggestion of his wife, they had named an infant son, then just born, "Frederick," after their revered friend; to which they had attached another "endeared name," that of Irwin.

Mr. Swartz does not appear to have replied to this letter till the 10th of January, 1796, when he assures Mr. Hudleston that he had read it "again and again with great pleasure." He recurs to the infatuation of Ameer Sing in retaining his unworthy minister Shevarow, and intimates, as stated in the Memoirs, that his adherence to him and his family was owing to his fears, "that they could and would prove his want of right to the throne." He then refers to his advancing age, and thus piously concludes this beautiful letter.

"I find that in many of the latest publications, the atonement of the Redeemer, and the divine operations of the blessed Spirit of God, are altogether forgotten, nay, exploded. If the foundation of true Christianity is destroyed, what superstructure can be raised? I therefore cannot but entreat you to learn the way to heaven from the sermons of your Redeemer, and the epistles of St. Paul and the "Some months ago I entered on the 70th year of other apostles. My favorite chapter is the third of my age. But, blessed be God, I can still perform St. Paul's Epistle to the Philippians. There you my duties with ease and satisfaction. I felt, howwill find the genuine character of a true Christian. ever, one severe attack, which had nearly put an "All worldly things, though not sinful in them- end to my life. One evening, when the children selves, appear to that exalted Christian as dross. had left me, I felt all at once a very painful opHe wishes to find Christ as his treasure and great-pression, that I could hardly breathe. This conest gain, by whom he has obtained mercy, pardon, tinued from nine o'clock in the evening till three in peace, and a hope of everlasting life. the morning. It returned once more, but with less violence and shorter duration.

"He explains the reasons why he was so much attached to Jesus, namely, because without him he had no righteousness and pardon. In and by his Redeemer he wished to be made like unto his death, and the disposition of the heart of the dying Redeemer. In and by him he hoped to attain a joyful resurrection. Such a state is unspeakably happy. O may this be your and my happy state! So wishes,

"Dear Madam,

"Your unknown but sincere friend,
"C. F. SWARTZ."

On the 28th of February, 1793, Mr. Swartz wrote to Mr. Hudleston from Vepery, informing him of his journey to Madras, as the guardian of Serfojee and the late Rajah's family. It is, however, unnecessary to repeat what is so fully detailed in the 18th chapter of the memoirs as to the causes of this visit to the presidency. The conclusion of the letter is marked by his characteristic piety.

"I hope you are quite settled, and enjoy your rest from noise and multiplied occupations.

Peace, that most desirable blessing, is enjoyed by this whole country. May we seek likewise peace with God in the way which he most graciously has revealed to us. The enjoyment of that blessing will not only rejoice our hearts, but promote real happiness, nay, make our departure easy or joyous. May your dear children grow up in godliness, and all truly good accomplishments!"

Mr. Hudleston, in a reply to the preceding letter, a copy of which is among his papers, after expressing his lively interest in the welfare of Madras, his regret that Ameer Sing had proved so unworthy of Mr. Swartz's and his own disinterested exertions to place him on the musnud, and his satisfaction on hearing of his journey to Madras with Serfojee, gives the following cordial invitation to his venerable friend to spend the remainder of his days in England.

*

"This illness, which came upon me all of a sudden, I look upon as a kind monitor to teach me that be able to say, 'Come, Lord Jesus! You see, then, my gracious Lord will soon call me away. May I blessed eternity is now the daily subject of my memy dear sir, that I shall soon quit this world. A ditation. How awful is this change! Blessed be God, who hath sent us a Redeemer who has borne our sins, and purchased eternal happiness for all. The Redeemer Jesus Christ, is the true, nay, the only comfort of all who, being sensible of their sins, flee to him for refuge. For who is that person, which dares to confide in his own righteousness? Paul looked upon the righteousness of Jesus found in him,' was the passionate wish of that as his only support. To win Christ, and to be blessed apostle.

"Such was, I believe, the aim of your deceased father-in-law,t who now enjoys what he had bethat glorious state of the blessed in heaven, is and lieved, practised, and preached. To look up to will be a strong preservative of a true Christian.

May God bless your dear children, and partienlarly my dear Frederick Irwin! May he prove the joy of his parents, and a blessed instrument of promoting the spiritual and temporal prosperity of his fellow-creatures, and at last be received into eternal glory!

I

"Remember me kindly to your dear consort. remember how highly Major Stevenst spoke of his mother, who had instilled into his tender mind the principles of true piety. May your dear consort so educate her children, that before the throne of

In March, 1801, Mr. Kohlhoff replied to the preceding letter, by sending to Mr. Hudleston a snuff box which had belonged to their beloved friend, and a gold ring with some of his hair, which he had taken after his death. He encloses an extract from his letter to the Society for promoting Christian "What you have said with regard to the LienKnowledge, containing some particulars respecting tenant-Colonel Blackburne, the present resident at Mr. Swartz's death, but expresses his inability to my durbar, is very true, and to praise him as I afford Mr. Hudleston any account of his life, and ought is beyond my power. I think it is enough to informs him that Mr. Gericke intended to write it-tell you, that the happiness which I enjoy I owe to "but after all," he adds, "it must be an imperfect one, as our late beloved friend kept no copies of his letters, nor a diary of his transactions, or works. But however imperfect it may be, it will be very acceptable."

himself entirely; because I assure you that it is his prudent and judicious advice alone which saves me from many evils to which my situation is always liable-not to mention his unremitted exertions to preserve my honor and dignity."

The other letter referred to is from Mr. Hudleston, in reply to the preceding from Serfojee Rajah, in which, among other subjects, he expresses his grateful sense of his highness's kind recollection of what he always felt as one of the happiest circumistances of his life, the having received him from

the arms of his illustrious friend Tuljajee Maha Rajah, who in his dying words, had recommended him to his care. "Nor can I ever forget," he adds, "the kind expression of his entire reliance on my friendship which was the last I heard from his lips, as it was interpreted to me by our holy, venerable, and beloved friend, Mr. Swartz, who is now an angel in heaven."

and to his officers not to permit them to do so; and these injunctions were strictly obeyed.

"The other fact had reference to a date nearly twenty years preceding, and before the commencement of our interference with the affairs of Tanjore. Mr. Swartz then resided principally at Trichinopoly, but often visited Tanjore, and had frequent interviews with the Rajah Tuljajee, who possessed qualities very unusual in persons of that rank in India. With the ordinary endowments of a polished exterior, mildness, and urbanity of manners, he united sensibility, an excellent understanding, and strength of mind. There was something of attraction in Mr. Swartz which no language can adequately express. It will not, therefore, excite wonder that the Rajah became attached to him, sought his friendship, and placed in him unbounded In referring to the mission of Mr. Swartz to Hy-confidence. Perhaps the reader's mind may be preder Ali, in the year 1779, the relation of which, Mr. Hudleston observes, he received from his own mouth, after stating the circumstances which led to this remarkable journey, he thus proceeds:

Though, for the reasons already stated, Mr. Hudleston did not fulfil his intention of writing the life of Mr. Swartz, an unfinished sketch of his character was found among his papers, together with observations on some circumstances relating to his history, from which the author has extracted a few passages, which serve still further to develope and illustrate the peculiar and unrivalled excellence of the revered missionary.

In his very first interview, Hyder told him, that he was made an instrument to cover intentions and views very different from the purity of his own mind; that the English had adopted the designs of his enemy, (the Nabob,) and that it was now too late to convince him that they had altered their policy, or that they entertained any views really friendly to him. He then requested Mr. Swartz not to renew the subject, but assured him that for any other purpose he was welcome to stay in Seringapatam, and should receive every attention, and might come to his durbar as often as he pleased, and thus remarkably concluded, that " he had also his free permission to try to convert any of his people to his religion, if he thought he could succeed; for he was sure he would say nothing improper to them, or that would tend to injure his authority." Mr. Swartz soon after took his leave of Hyder, and returned to Tanjore; finding in every village, as he passed, the Amildars and the inhabitants in general eager to show him attention, and to supply him gratuitously with every thing which he required. Hyder Ali the next year executed his plan of vengeance, but forgot not that there was one European against whom he had no resentment; and the order to all his officers, civil and military, to permit the venerable padre Swartz to pass free and unmolested, and to show him respect and kindness," was issued, as related in the tenth chapter of the

Memoirs.

66

Mr. Hudleston adds a few important and interesting circumstances to the narrative which has been fully given of the death of the Rajah Tuljajee, and his adoption of a son, as well as respecting the character and history of the Rajah himself. He asserts that Mr. Swartz remonstrated with the dying prince on the injustice as well as the impolicy of excluding his brother from the regency during the minority of Serfojee, and earnestly entreated him to release him from confinement, and to be reconciled to him-advice which after some deliberation was accepted; but which, from the subsequent misconduct of Ameer Sing, Mr. Swartz had reason bitterly to regret.

"I shall now," continues Mr. Hudleston, "state two interesting facts with respect to the Rajah Tuljajee, which, I believe, are known to very few even in India. The first which I shall mention led me to conjecture, that in the interview between the Rajah and Mr. Swartz, on the night preceding his death, something more might have passed than he was at liberty to communicate; it was this-the Rajah, almost with his dying breath, gave the most positive injunctions to his wives not to burn with his body,

66

pared for the extraordinary result, and have anticipated the fact to which I have alluded, namely, that the Rajah became convinced of the truth of the Christian religion. The sequel I cannot relate without pain, nor, as an Englishman, without a sense of humiliation, but justice to the Rajah's memory forbids the suppression of it. The Rajah was about to declare himself a Christian, when the British army, in aid of the nabob of the Carnatic, and in furtherance of his views, entered his country, and after defeating his forces, laid siege to his capital. A compromise or suspension of hostilities for that time was purchased of the nabob by the Rajah: but the following year the armies again advanced, Tanjore was taken by assault, and the Rajah made prisoner. The East India Company felt, as became them, the horrid injustice of the transaction, and sent Lord Pigot to Madras to redress it. But it had gone far beyond the reach of any adequate reparation; and the Rajah, offended and disgusted, abandoned all thoughts of becoming a Christian. It did not, however, diminish his confidence in Mr. Swartz, as has been shown in relating the history of the last hours of his existence."

In the essay, towards a view of Mr. Swartz's character and labors, which has been before alluded to, and which was left imperfect and unfinished, Mr. Hudleston premises, that whatever he has stated respecting him was the result of personal knowledge and experience, after several years of intimate and uninterrupted friendship and correspondence.

After speaking of Mr. Swartz's success as a missionary, and of the respect and veneration in which he was invariably held, he proceeds as follows.

"By what charm, then, or spell, did he acquire such unbounded influence over the minds of many millions of the natives inhabiting the vast regions of the peninsula of India, so that the confidence of poor and rich, of prince and peasant, was equal, and voluntarily and unanimously given; so that in the midst of war and desoiation, he walked as securely in the enemy's districts as in our own-all, with one accord, holding his person sacred, and eager to show him kindness and attention? In undertaking to answer this interesting question, I engage in a task which is of all others the most gratifying to me, and at the same time, one to which I am conscious my abilities are most inadequate, since it involves an endeavor to delineate the character of Mr. Swartz.

"In pure and genuine piety, there is a charm that commands the general suffrage of mankind, which even the impious and the profligate feel and reverence. This charm, this attribute, the truly illus trious person of whom I am speaking, possessed in a degree, I verily believe, pre-eminent over all the rest of the sons of men that have existed since the times of the apostles. In the external manifesta

culiar characteristics of that Divine Person; in his practice of addressing himself principally to those that labor and are heavy laden,' and in making himself looked up to as the unfailing advocate of the poor and the injured, for whom his intercessions were incessant, as were his endeavors to obtain for them of the prince of the country the blessings of a lenient and equitable government. And as he had interceded for the people with their prince, so for the latter Mr. Swartz interceded with the British government, when he knew him to have been treated with rigor and injustice.

tions of piety, and in zeal to promote and extend its influence both by precept and example, I am aware and gladly acknowledge that he has been and is at this moment, emulated by distinguished individuals in this country, some few of whom it has been and is my pride and happiness to be able to number among my friends; and I doubt not by many others whose spheres of action are more confined. They have reminded me too of that in Mr. Swartz which no single word in our language can, at least to my satisfaction adequately express. It was the union of piety, not with unassuming meekness and humility only, which are its inseparable "Here again I must allude to that in him of which attendants, but of piety joined with an almost in- I believe history records no other example, namely, fantine simplicity, and unaccompanied by the small- that all this success, unparalleled before or since, est tincture of austerity, fanaticism, or dogmatical in winning the hearts of men, and all this homage, conceit. It diffused perpetual serenity and cheer-produced in Mr. Swartz no change. The same hufulness over his whole aspect, and by an irresistible mility and abstraction from every interested or impulse commanded at once respect and affection. worldly view, which distinguished him at the comIn the presence of a monarch, you could not feel mencement of his career, distinguished him through more conscious of inferiority; yet it was a feeling all its progress, and to its final close, amidst the unmixed with pain or fear. It was not possible to favor of princes, states, and governments, of men converse with him once without being impatient to of every denomination, and of every religion and converse with him again; and to those who were sect. accustomed to that gratification, his absence presented a vacuum, though in the midst of company. "It was not his custom, except with his most intimate friends, to introduce voluntarily the subject of religion; but the instant the conversation led to it, you saw his countenance light up, and beam a smile of benignant approbation. No one, I believe, ever heard from his lips an uncharitable word.

*

"With the means of wealth and worldly conse quence, in a word, of all that other men look up to, completely at his command, he continued poor, applying all that he received to the good of others, and reserving nothing for himself beyond what was necessary to provide for his daily wants. To him the natives saw no resemblance either in any other Eu"In these virtues, as I have already intimated, ropean, or in themselves. They saw other EuroMr. Swartz may have been equalled by many other peans in succession lift themselves from obscurity and humble stations, to affluence, rank, and power, amiable and revered characters, though by none then disappear, and others take their places, but surpassed; but in another respect, he was, I think, none taking any interest in their welfare, or making absolutely unrivalled; and it was this, which more than all the other features of his character, great their own aggrandisement; but Swartz remained use of them except as a means of accomplishing and venerable as they were, rooted him in the affec- with them. In him they always saw the same unastion of the natives, and made them consider him as distinguished from all the rest of mankind. He piring meekness, and the same condition, and found in him the same kind and disinterested friend.* presented to their astonished eyes the union of genu-What could the natives of India, among whom he ine piety with an entire abstraction, in respect to lived, conclude respecting such a man, but that himself, from temporal views, while his endeavors which they did conclude, and which was a common were constantly exerted to promote their temporal as observation among them when he was spoken of, well as eternal welfare. Nor were those for the for- namely, that he was unlike and superior to all other mer lessened by their not accepting the greater boon; in regard to which, however, he was of infinite benefit to many thousands whom his moral precepts Such are the principal contents of the late Mr. improved, and reclaimed from their lawless and Hudleston's papers respecting the venerable misdishonest courses, although they did not accept the sionary of Tanjore. They will appear, as the aupure religion which he offered them in the place of thor has stated in the advertisement prefixed to their own idolatry. And on whose lips could per- this Edition of the Memoirs, to contain but little suasion hang, if not on his who exhibited to them that is strictly new; but they will be found peculiarthe Christian religion in its loveliest form, and inly interesting and valuable, as confirining, upon the all its native purity; in the undeviating tenor of highest authority, all that had been previously rewhose spotless course they saw its genuine off-corded concerning that truly eminent person; and spring, and a model of all it teaches-for, as most truly stated in the inscription on his tomb, his life was one continued effort to imitate the example of his blessed Master;' and most especially in the unaffected lowliness and benignity which were the pe

men.

as adding one more powerful and coinciding testimony to a pious excellence, and a moral influence, which may be justly deemed unequalled and unrivalled in the annals of Christian missions.

*Mr. Hudleston here mentions, that for the first twenty of the fifty years that he was lent to the Indian world, Swartz pursued his benevolent scheme on foot; nor would he take to the use of a palankeen until the climate and advancing age had considerably impaired his strength, when he consented to permit a palankeen to be kept for him at the public

expense.

INDEX.

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