111. Mosheim (vol. ii. p. 299) calls him Eugenius III. 113. Bishop of Porto, was the first that was translated from another see to Rome. 114. Boniface VI.,who is here overlooked, stands in some other catalogues between Formosus and Stephen VI.; but indeed scarcely two catalogues are found to agree. 124. See "Mosheim," vol. ii. p. 401; or, the "History of Religion," vol. i. p. 79. 132 Most worthless, and, according to some, the first that changed his name: see above, No. 104, note. 134 The first that baptized bells; see above, p. 281, note 141. A scholar and friend of learning, and hence viewed as a sorcerer. 146. Was never ordained deacon or priest. 147. Created pope when only twelve years old. 150. The first who caused himself to be crowned. 151. For his virtues reputed a saint. 156. Hildebrand-seized the papal chair as it were by force; was ambitious, haughty, and tyrannical-the first who prohibited the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue, and that taught the doctrine of deposing kings, &c. 158. Jealous for restoring the ancient discipline. 166. An humble, pious, and good man. 176. Honorius III. 189. Honorius IV. 191. St. Celestine V. ... .... ... 168. Nicholas Brekespere-the only Englishman that ever filled the papal chair. 169. An encourager of learning, but the man who canonized T. Beckett. 171. Declared a crusade against the Livonians, and compelled them to receive baptism. 175. Ambitious and intolerant-instituted the inquisition, and wrote many weak and absurd things-excommunicated King John of England, and interdicted the kingdom for six years. 177. A man of industry, acuteness, and learning; and kindly interfered in behalf of the Jews. 181. The son of a French cobbler. 188. This pope is called Martin IV. because Martin II. is the same with Martinus I., and Martin III. the same with Martinus II. 191. A most excellent pope, and the last who has abdicated. 193. Entered the pontificate" as a fox, lived as a lion, and died as a dog.” 194. The first pope who resided at Avignon. 195. Assumed the third crown, and so completed the arrogant Tiara : a Millenarian. 199. According to some, the first who used the triple crown. 201. Exerted his zeal against the vices and luxury of the cardinals, and for reformation of discipline. 202. Eager to aggrandize his own family with the riches of the church. 206. During the interregnum between John XXIII. and Martin V. there were in fact no fewer than three popes-one at Rome, one at Avignon, and the third in Spain-they were all deposed. 207. Unfriendly to reformation, but, upon the whole, an honest and good man. When he 209. Displayed great magnificence and a love of literature. 211. Æneas Sylvius, who wrote the History of Bohemia, &c. could not prevail on the sovereigns of Europe to renew the crusade, he attempted by letter to convert the Turkish Emperor. 213. Platina, who wrote the History of the Popes (in fol. 1485), whom he reckons 222-of a turbulent disposition. 214. Cruelly persecuted the Waldenses. 215. "The Tiberias of Christian Rome," of much cruelty, and guilty of scandalous vices, yet kind to the Jews: see his Life, and that of his son Cæsar Borgia, by Gordon, 1729. 217. More a soldier than a bishop: his pontificate cost the lives of more than 200,000 men. 218. A bishop when eight years old, a cardinal when thirteen; and yet a bastard and an atheist ! 219. A Dutchman, of Utrecht; one of the best of the popes, and a man who was so little proud of that dignity, that he deemed it the greatest misfortune of his life. 220. Duppa compares his sufferings with those of Pius the VIth. 221. His chief virtue was dissimulation; approved in 1540 the society of Jesuits, that was founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola. 222. Gave his own cardinal's hat, the morning of his election, to the keeper of his monkeys. 223. A good and worthy man, who said he knew not how any pope could be saved. 224. Very unpopular. 226 See his Bull against Queen Elizabeth, in Camden's Annals, pp. 179 -181. 227. Rectified the calendar, and brought it to its present state. 228. Of mean extraction, but expensive and ambitious. 241. Parsimonious; and ignorant, not only of divinity but also of Latin. 244. Ofrespectable talents, yet not ambitious of the papal throne, though unanimously elected. |