see deeply enough we would find ourselves back in the world of atoms and electrons. Out of the indescribably complicated mysteries of protoplasm there comes a single cell. Soon to it is united another and another, each dividing with its brother the labor of the group. Larger and larger, but never more wonderful than at first, the organism grows, storing its experiences into the mysterious complexity of the heredity chromatin. Born in the water it fills the seas of earth and spreads out upon the shore. It conquers even the air, for all the great branches of the animal world in turn and separately have solved the problem of flight, whether pterodactyl among the reptiles or bat among the mammals or insect or bird. And in watching this strange cinema of varying forms, adapted to varied environments, we note this strange thing, that each stage of progress attains to some new height. Each of the various forms through which mankind has passed from the primitive protoplasmic speck to the 20th century has added its increment to the whole. At one stage milleniums are required to develop the intricate loyalties of a multi-cellular creature. Another era discovers a way to invaginate the blastula. Perhaps a million years pass while the

EXPLANATION OF CUT ON PRECEDING PAGE. CHANGING ENVIRONMENT DURING THE PAST FIFTY OR MORE MILLION YEARS.

Theoretic correlation of climatic, continental, oceanic, and life phases. This chart shows the maximum and minimum periods of coal formation, of limestone formation, of aridity and of humidity; also the theoretic and actual epochs of glaciation in the northern and southern hemispheres preceding the final glaciation, periods of maximum continental depression and oceanic invasion, and periods of mountain revolution.

Diagram of the pulse of life. Climatic line: minor jogs merely indicate climatic oscillations; doubling of lines, climate zones where aridity and cold are differentiated, single line, uniformity of conditions the world over. Continental elevation line: up-slopes mean rising diastrophism; down-slopes, periods of erosion before continents are low enough to have mantles of sediment spread upon them, i. e., the intervals. Tangential lines show gradual rise culminating in great revolutions. Whole Cenozoic has about the time valuation of the Permian; is all a period of revolution, and its compression to uniform scale would give the tangent to the peaks about the same slope as in the Upper Palaeozoic. First records on the life line: 1, vertebrates; 2, lung-fishes; 3, footprint; 4, reptile; 5, dinosaur; 6, mammal; 7, bird; 8, sauropod dinosaur; 9, archaic mammal; 10, modernized mammal; 11, man. Modified from Huntington after Schuchert. From The Origin and Evolution of Life. (Courtesy of Yale University Press.)

problem of segmentation whereby the bodies of the lower forms are divided into segments and a later consolidation of these segments in the head, thorax and abdomen is effected. To perfect the system of tube within tube whereby the alimentary canal and its many out-pocketings were created took century upon century. Other milleniums brought from struggle and effort the fin of the fish and the first crude leg of the amphibian. Through what depths of anguish and pain and strain of utmost power the wing of the bird, the fleet limbs of the antelope, and the sabre tooth of the tiger were developed, who can say? But certain it is that mankind today is profoundly and sublimely the heir of the ages. Into his physical body, and much more into his spirit and intellect, the anguished cries of all earth's bloody path find voice and expression. Today, with his almost newly arrived and ever increasing consciousness and knowledge of the universe, he stands upon the fallen forms of an eternity of struggle and reaches his hands imploringly forth as has been his custom from the beginning, up toward the stars, ready and waiting as ever before for the agonies of each future cross that each coming age may plant. For he knows that there is no lack of centuries; that this, also, is but a geological epoch, that neither time nor advance has ended; that as there have been milleniums of progress in the past, so there shall be milleniums of progress in the future. Backward into that past he looks for wisdom, but not for ideals. It is of the future that he dreams, the future that has called him up out of the vermian night. The tug of the infinite beyond still lures him onward. He is not afraid to judge the future by the past. He puts his confidence in the wisdom and the power and the purpose of that "infinite and eternal energy from which all things proceed," and he believes that "Eye hath not seen and ear hath not heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive the glories which are laid up for those that trust Him."

Now the thoughtful theist, having read this volume up to this point, must have observed that while the content of science has been vastly enlarged and the form changed by modern discovery, nevertheless the mysteries before which primitive man bowed in reverence still remain. For though the scientists have proven a thousand first causes, one after another, to be only effects, yet they have not removed the necessity for the first cause. And though they have defined a hundred laws governing the marvelous re

sults of evolution, they have not defined the force that has directed those laws. Thus the double-deep mystery remains; the origin of things and the direction of things. To trace the quarter-million inorganic compounds back through ninety-two elements to the primal unity of electric vibration involves a vast multitude of discoveries and labors; but having arrived at that point the physico-chemist advises us that he can penetrate no further into the mystery of the origin of matter. Even when he shall have found a key to that door there will be behind it a veil past which he cannot see. Thus it is also with the origin of life and with the origin of everything else in the universe. None of them can be explained except in terms of God.

But the most important contribution of modern science to the cause of theism and religion springs from the universally admitted need of postulating a directive power in all the processes of evolution as we have pointed out elsewhere. No thinking man much less a scientist can conceive of this universe of ours, so full of marvelous development in any other similitude than that of ordered progress. Science is simply the way God looks as He goes about His daily toil. Science does not deny; it demands God. “I had rather believe," said Lord Bacon, "all the Fables in the Legend, and the Talmud, and the Alkoran, than that this universal frame is without a mind. A little philosophy inclineth a man's mind to atheism, but depth in philosophy bringeth men's minds about to religion." The laws of science are generalizations concerning His habits. Every one of its hourly processes requires His activity just as necessarily as the original moment of origin of all things. While science can not include philosophy and religion within its sphere, its every presupposition calls for the Creator and its every corollary leads to the Immanent Energy. It is as Whitman said:

"I find letters from God dropped in the street and every one is signed by God's name,

And I leave them where they are for I know that wheresoe'er I go,

Others will punctually come forever and forever."

TO HIS PROPHET

And now, at the birth hour of Spring,
Though the Winter be not yet overcome,

I have found thee, my milk-white bloodroot,

So wise, so brave, so pure!

All the abiding interests of Almighty God are in thee.

Up through the leaves of fallen faiths thou hast beaten thy way,

Casting aside, in thy bravery, the broken laws of little dead limbs.

The discourteous winds could not chill thine ardor,

Nor the groaning of sleet-laden branches turn back thy faith.
Through the whole mouldy past of the matted forest floor,

With a martyr's haste to achieve a new world,

Hast hurried to defy all the creeds

Known in a wood, terrorized by the Winter.

Yet many shall follow thee,

O prophet of a new day

And of an age so wonderful!

Already the news of thy deed is spread abroad through the wood,

And multitudes, cowed by the ice and the storm,

Are moving restively beneath their burdens.

Soon a million graves will open

To the green blades whom thou hast led to battle.

He shall blow his breath from the land,

Whence his star returns,

And the cheek of the azalea shall redden with anger at the oppressor.

Then shalt thou hear the shout of victory

From the grave of the forget-me-not,

Who would add her paean to thine.

Even old grandfather graybeard

Shall burst the shackles of his outworn forms,

And spread his creamy streamers to airs of a new hour.

White-lipped though thou art,

As alone thou dost call for That Which Is to Be,

Yet all the Will of God shall toil to accomplish that end,

Whereof He hath sent thee, to prophesy.

O speak, my pale apostle!

By what word didst thou take hold of His mystery?

Learn thereof for me the season that next shall come on my earth,

Whisper me my message that shall thrust me forth,

Into the new life, awaiting me above,

Higher than the dead forms last worn by the world.

O miracled messenger, whose red blood stains the fingers

That plucked thee because thou wast first;

Symbol of all those who did and do and will forever die

In the cause of That Which Is to Come;

Flower to lay upon the breast of the martyred dead;

To pin above a mother's heart, who died

With the cry of her infant in her arms,

Token of the Mighty Seer;

Flower to place reverently in the hand of a Christ,
Dead until tomorrow;

O little flower;

O God!

CHAPTER XIV.

THE INFANCY OF MAN

If these processes of paleontological development from amphibian-like, reptile-like creatures up to the mammalian form, may be likened to the foetal life of man, then a time must have come in his paleontological story, as in his embryological, when he ceased to be an embryo and became an infant. Perhaps from this hour of his infancy we may learn many facts to guide us in determining the direction from which he came and the direction in which he is going.

It is exceedingly difficult for one who knows only our modern civilization to realize the conditions under which earliest man lived, just as it is difficult for a man of fortyfive years to imagine his own psychology at the age of two. Modern civilization, as simple as it will seem to men of future ages, is, nevertheless, already a vastly complicated affair. Man has learned to work his will upon the earth and he is changing it to suit his pleasure. He is swimming with the fishes, flying with the birds, and running with the gazelle. One by one the mysteries of the earth yield to his searchlight. To one who is accustomed to the rumble of his locomotive, the purring of his giant dirigibles, the marvel of his submarines, and the height of the great structures that he rears upon the hills and plains of the earth, it seems absurd to suppose that there was ever a time when none of these things were.

Yet the first word of the historian as he takes us backward into the past warns us that they are the things of yesterday and that some of them are the children of today. One hundred years ago the city in which these words are being written, now numbering in its shopping district onethird of a million people, had no hut upon its site. Two hundred years ago the great American nation of the United States had not yet been thought of. Three hundred years ago a few lone white settlers had just landed on the American continent. Five hundred years ago there was no