ON METALLURGY OF GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, AND ZINC INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS SCRANTON, PA. ARITHMETIC MENSURATION ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA AND TRIGONO- MECHANICS HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY 105 SCRANTON INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY GIFT OF GRENVILLE M. NORCROSS Copyright, 1897, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Entered at Stationers' Hall, London. Arithmetic, Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 6: Copyright, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Arithmetic, Part 5: Copyright, 1902, by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Entered at Stationers' Hall, London. Mensuration and Use of Letters in Formulas: Copyright, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1898, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Elementary Algebra and Trigonometric Functions: Copyright, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1899, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Mechanics: Copyright, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machinery: Copyright, 1902, by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY. Entered at Stationers' Hall, London. Arithmetic, Key: Copyright, 1893, 1894, 1896, 1897, 1898, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Mensuration and Use of Letters in Formulas, Key: Copyright, 1894, 1895, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Elémentary Algebra and Trigonometric Functions, Key: Copyright, 1894, 1896, 1897, 1898, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. Mechanics, Key: Copyright, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, by THE COLLIERY ENGINEER COMPANY. All rights reserved. al BURR PRINTING HOUSE, FRANKFORT AND JACOB STREETS, NEW YORK. PREFACE There has long been a demand for some work, written from the practical rather than from the theoretical point of view, on the metallurgy of gold, silver, copper, lead, and Our long experience in connection with our Metal Mining and Metal Prospector's Courses has made us familiar with the conditions that prevail in the regions where mining and metallurgical operations are carried on, and has enabled us to prepare a thoroughly practical Course on the metallurgy of the above-named metals. In the preparation of this Course, as in our other Courses, the various papers have been written by specialists, each metal being handled by some writer who was thoroughly familiar with its reduction, and many of the papers being then submitted to other experts for criticism and suggestions. The preliminary studies include the necessary mathematics, papers on Steam Boilers, Steam Engines, and Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machinery. The last-named subject also treats of the development and measurement of water-power, and will be of great value to any one operating in regions where the mills are driven by water-power. This section is followed by papers on Elementary Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Operations, Blowpiping, Mineralogy, and Assaying. Mineralogy is introduced to familiarize the metallurgist with the ores from which the metals are obtained. The paper on Surface Arrangements at Reduction Works treats of the general arrangement of reduction works. The paper on Ore Sampling treats of both mechanical and hand sampling. The paper on Ore Dressing and |