An essay concerning human understanding; with Thoughts on the conduct of the understanding, Volumen2

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Mundell & Son, Royal Bank Close, 1801 - 308 páginas

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Ideas of Subſtances how made 2 Our Idea of Subftance in general
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36 Of the forts of Subftances
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No clear Ideas of Subſtance in general 5 As clear an Idea of Spirit as Body
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Our Faculties of Difcovery fuited to our ſtate
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Conjecture about Spirits
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Complex Ideas of Subftances 15 Idea of Spiritual Subſtances as clear as of bodily Sub ftances
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No Idea of abftract Subſtance
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The Cohefion of folid Parts and Impulfe the primary
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Object of Reward and Puniſhment
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Truth or Falfehood always fuppofes Affirmation or Negation
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Ideas in themſelves never true nor falfe
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Ideas of Body 18 Thinking and Motivity the primary Ideas of Spirit 1921 Spirits capable of Motion
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Inftances in that of
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Idea of Soul and Body compared 2327 Cohefion of folid Parts in Body as hard to be con ceived as Thinking in a Soul
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Not by ſubſtantial Forms
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The fpecific Effences are made by the Mind
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Perfon a forenfick Term
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Communication of Motion by Impulſe or by Thought equally intelligible
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The Difficulty from ill uſe of Names
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Ideas of Body and Spirit compared 31 The Notion of Spirit involves no more difficulty in it than that of Body
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But makes feveral Effences fignified by the fame
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We know nothing beyond our fimple Ideas 3335 Idea of God 36 No Ideas in our complex one of Spirits but thoſe got from Senfation or Reflection
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Recapitulation
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One Idea 2 Made by the Power of compofing in the mind
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All artificial things are collective Ideas
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Conclufion
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Identity of Subftances Identity of Modes
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Proportional
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Natural
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Inftituted 4 Moral CHA P XXVII
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Morality is the Relation of Actions to the Rules 16 The Denominations of Actions often miſlead us 17 Relations innumerable
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All Relations terminate in fimple Ideas 19 We have ordinarily as clear or clearer Notion of the Relation as of its Foundation
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The Notion of the Relation is the fame whether the Rule any Action is compared to be true or falfe
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Secondly Or its fimple ones jumbled diſorderly
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SECT
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Of Adequate and Inadequate Ideas
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Simple Ideas ilure and adequate
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Though one Mans Idea of Blue ſhould be different
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ther Mans Idea without being fo 22 Secondly When judged to agree to real Exiſtence when they do not 23 Thirdly When judged adequate without b...
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Fourthly When judged to reprefent the real Effence 25 Ideas when falfe
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More properly to be called right or wrong
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SECT CHA P XXXIII
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From a wrong connection of Ideas 6 This connection how made
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Some Antipathies an Effect of
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A great Caufe of Errors 1012 Inftances
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SECT
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Whereof the intranflatable Words of divers Langua
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SECT
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Not the real Effence which we know
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But fuch a Collection as our Name ftands forb
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The more general our Ideas are the more incomplete and partial they are ཨི
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This all accommodated to the End of Speech 33 Inftance in Caffuaries
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Men make the Species InftanceGold 35 Though Nature makes the Similitude
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And continues it in the Races of Things 37 Each abftract Idea is an Effence
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Genera and Species in order to naming Inftance Watch
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Species of artificial things lefs confufed than natural 40 Artificial things of diftinct Species
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Subftances alone have proper Names
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Difficulty to treat of Words with Words 43 44 Inftance of mixed Modes in Kineah and Niouph 45 46 Inftance of Subftances in Zahab
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Their Ideas perfect and therefore various 48 Therefore to fix their Species a real Effence is fup pofed 49 Which Suppofition is of no uſe 50 Conclufi...
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CHAP VIL Of Particles SECT 1 Particles connect Parts or whole Sentences together
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In them confifts the Art of well ſpeaking 3 4 They fhow what Relation the Mind gives to its own Thoughts
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Inftance in
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SECT
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Hence unavoidable Obfcurity in ancient Authors
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VOL II
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InftanceLiquor of Nerves
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As ufeful as to confound the Sound of the Letters 12 This Art has perplexed Religion and Juftice
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And ought not to pafs for Learning 14 Fourthly Taking them for things
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Inftance in Matter
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This makes Errors lafting
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Fifthly Setting them for what they cannot fignify
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g Putting them for the real Effences of Subſtances 19 Hence we think every Change of our Idea in Sub ftances not to change the Species
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The Cauſe of this Abufe a Suppofition of Natures working always regularly
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This Abuſe contains two falfe Suppofitions 22 Sixthly A Suppofition that Words have a certain and evident Signification
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The Ends of Language First To convey our Ideas 24 Secondly To do it with Quicknefs
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Thirdly Therewith to convey the Knowledge of things 2631 How Mens words fail in all thefe
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How in Subſtances 33 How in Modes and Relations 34 Seventhly Figurative Speech alſo an Abuſe of Lan guage b 2
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InftanceBat and Bird
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Firft Remedy To uſe no Word without an Idea 9 Secondly To have diftinct Ideas annexed to them in Modes
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And diftinct and conformable in Subſtances 11 Thirdly Propriety 12 Fourthly To make known their Meaning 13 And that three ways 14 First In fim...
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Secondly In mixed Modes by Definition 16 Morality capable of Demonſtration
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Definitions can make moral Difcourfes clear
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And is the only
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Thirdly In Subftances by fhowing and defining 20 21 Ideas of the leading Qualities of Subftances
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beſt got by fhowing 22 The Ideas of their Powers beft by Definition
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A Reflection on the Knowledge of Spirits 24 Ideas alfo of Subftances must be conformable to things
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Not eafy to be made
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Fifthly By Conftancy in their Signification
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When the Variation is to be explained
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