NOTES.

"This sentence," says Dr Whitaker, "is usu-
ally inscribed in some conspicuous part of the
Cistertian houses."

Page 257.

"Whom obloquy pursues with hideous bark:" The list of foul names bestowed upon those poor creatures is long and curious;-and, as is, alas! too natural, most of the opprobrious appellations are drawn from circumstances into which they were forced by their persecutors, who even consolidated their miseries into one reproachful term, calling them Patarenians, or Paturins, from pati, to suffer.

Dwellers with wolves, she names them, for

the pine

And green oak are their covert; as the gloom
Of night oft foils their enemy's design,
She calls them Riders on the flying broom;
Sorcerers, whose frame and aspect have be-

come

One and the same through practices malign.

benediction, but forgot to give him money; which when the Bishop had considered, he sent a servant in all haste to call Richard back to him, and at Richard's return, the Bishop said you a horse which hath carried me many a to him, 'Richard, I sent for you back to lend mile, and I thank God with much ease,' and presently delivered into his hand a walking staff, with which he professed he had travelled through many parts of Germany; and he said, Richard, I do not give, but lend you my horse; be sure you be honest, and bring my horse back to me, at your return this way to Oxford. And I do now give you ten groats to bear your charges to Exeter; and here is ten benediction with it, and beg the continuance of groats more, which I charge you to deliver to your mother, and tell her I send her a Bishop's her prayers for me. horse back to me, I will give you ten groats And if you bring my more to carry you on foot to the college; and so God bless you, good Richard.'"-See Walton's Life of Richard Hooker.

Page 261. "craftily incites

The overweening, personates the mad." conflicts.-See Strype in support of this instance. A common device in religious and political

Pago 258. "And the green lizard and the gilded newt Lead unmolested lives, and die of age." These two lines are adopted from a MS., written about the year 1770, which accidentally fell into my possession. The close of the preceding Sonnet on monastic voluptuousness is taken from the same source, as is the verse, "Where Venus sits," &c., and the line, "Once ye were holy, ye are holy still," in a subse-Laud, or even in compassion for his fate, withIn this age a word cannot be said in praise of

quent Sonnet.

Page 260.

"One (like those prophets whom God sent of old) Transfigured," &c.

"M. Latimer suffered his keeper very quietly to pull off his hose, and his other array, which to looke unto was very simple: and being stripped into his shrowd, he seemed as comely a person to them that were present, as one should lightly see: and whereas in his clothes hee appeared a withered and crooked sillie (weak) olde man, he now stood bolt upright, as comely a father as one might lightly gotte, kindled with fire, and laid the same Then they brought a fagdowne at doctor Ridley's feete. M. Latimer spake in this manner, 'Bee of good To whome comfort, master Ridley, and play the man: wee shall this day light such a candle by God's grace in England, as I trust shall never bee put out."-Fox's Acts, &c.

behold. *

Similar alterations in the outward figure and deportment of persons brought to like trial were not uncommon. See note to the above passage in Dr Wordsworth's Ecclesiastical Biography, for an example in an humble Welsh fisherman.

Page 260.

"The gift exalting, and with playful smile:" "On foot they went, and took Salisbury in their way, purposely to see the good Bishop, who made Mr Hooker sit at his own table; which Mr Hooker boasted of with much joy and gratitude when he saw his mother and friends; and at the Bishop's parting with him, the Bishop gave him good counsel and his

Page 261.
'Laud,"

"

it is sufficient for his vindication to observe out incurring a charge of bigotry; but fearless of such imputation, I concur with Hume, "that those which prevailed during that zealous that his errors were the most excusable of all those parts of his conduct that brought the most odium upon him in his own time, may be period." A key to the right understanding of found in the following passage of his speech before the bar of the House of Peers :-"Ever since I came in place, I have laboured nothing God, so much slighted in divers parts of this more than that the external publick worship of kingdom, might be preserved, and that with as service in the outward face of it, and the nasty I evidently saw that the public neglect of God's much decency and uniformity as might be. For lying of many places dedicated to that service, had almost cast a damp upon the true and inward worship of God, which while we live in enough to keep it in any vigour." the body, needs external helps, and all little

Page 263.

"The Pilgrim Fathers."

American episcopacy, in union with the
fedgments to my American friends, Bishop
church in England, strictly belongs to the
general subject; and I here make my acknow-
Doane, and Mr Henry Reed of Philadelphia,
for having suggested to me the propriety of
adverting to it, and pointed out the virtues and
intellectual qualities of Bishop White, which so
eminently fitted him for the great work he
undertook.

Lambeth, Feb. 4, 1787, by Archbishop Moor;
Bishop White was consecrated at

and before his long life was closed, twenty-six bishops had been consecrated in America, by himself. For his character and opinions, see his own numerous Works, and a Sermon in

commemoration of him, by George Washington Doane, Bishop of New Jersey."

Page 264.

"A genial hearth

And a refined rusticity, belong
To the neat mansion,

Among the benefits arising, as Mr Coleridge has well observed, from a Church establishment of endowments corresponding with the wealth of the country to which it belongs, may be reckoned as eminently important, the examples of civility and refinement which the Clergy stationed at intervals, afford to the whole people. The established clergy in many parts of England have long been, as they continue to be, the principal bulwark against barbarism, and the link which unites the sequestered peasantry with the intellectual advancement of the age. Nor is it below the dignity of the subject to observe, that their taste, as acting upon rural residences and scenery often furnishes models which country gentlemen, who are more at liberty to follow the caprices of fashion, might profit by. The precincts of an old residence must be treated by ecclesiastics with respect, both from prudence and necessity. I remember being much pleased, some years ago, at Rose Castle, the rural seat of the See of Carlisle, with a style of garden and architecture, which, if the place had belonged to a wealthy layman, would no doubt have been swept away. A parsonage-house generally stands not far from the church; this proximity imposes favourable restraints, and sometimes suggests an affecting union of the accommodations and elegances of life with the outward signs of piety and mortality. With pleasure I recal to mind a happy instance of this in the residence of an old and much-valued Friend in Oxfordshire. The house and church stand parallel to each other, at a small distance; a circular lawn or rather grass-plot, spreads between them; shrubs and trees curve from each side of the dwelling, veiling, but not hiding, the church. From the front of this dwelling, no part of the burialground is seen; but as you wind by the side of the shrubs towards the steeple-end of the church, the eye catches a single, small, low, monumental headstone, moss-grown, sinking into, and gently inclining towards the earth. Advance, and the churchyard, populous and gay with glittering tombstones, opens upon the view. This humble, and beautiful parsonage called forth a tribute, for which see the seventh of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets," Part 3.

Page 266. Sonnet XXXII. This is still continued in many churches in Westmoreland. It takes place in the month of July, when the floor of the stalls is strewn with fresh rushes; and hence it is called the "Rushbearing."

Page 266.

"Teaching us to forget them or forgive." This is borrowed from an affecting passage in Mr George Dyer's history of Cambridge.

Page 266.

"had we, like them, endured Sore stress of apprehension,"

this subject; the east wind, so anxiously exSee Burnet, who is unusually animated on pected and prayed for, was called the "Frotestant wind."

Page 267.

"Yet will we not conceal the precious Cross, Like men ashamed:'

The Lutherans have retained the Cross within

their churches: it is to be regretted that we have not done the same.

Page 268.

"Or like the Alpine Mount, that takes its

name

From roseate hues." &c.

Some say that Monte Rosa takes its name from a belt of rock at its summit-a very unpoetical and scarcely a probable supposition.

MEMORIALS OF A TOUR IN SCOTLAND, 1831.

Page 272.

'Highland Hut."

This sonnet describes the exterior of a Highland hut, as often seen under morning or evening sunshine. To the authoress of the "Address to the Wind," and other poems, in this volume, who was my fellow-traveller in this tour, I am indebted for the following extract from her journal, which accurately describes, under particular circumstances, the beautiful appearance of the interior of one of these rude habitations.

"On our return from the Trosachs the evening began to darken, and it rained so heavily that we were completely wet before we had come two miles, and it was dark when we landed with our boatman, at his hut upon the banks of Loch Katrine. I was faint from cold: the good woman had provided, according to her promise, a better fire than we had found in the morning; and, indeed, when I sat down in the chimney-corner of her smoky biggin, I thought I had never felt more comfortable in my life: a pan of coffee was boiling for us, and, having put our clothes in the way of drying, we all sat down thankful for a shelter. We could not prevail upon our boatman, the master of the house, to draw near the fire, though he was cold and wet, or to suffer his wife to get him dry clothes till she had served us, which she did most willingly, though not very expeditiously.

"A Cumberland man of the same rank would not have had such a notion of what was fit and right in his own house, or, if he had, one would have accused him of servility; but in the Highlander it only seemed like politeness (however erroneous and painful to us), naturally growing out of the dependence of the inferiors of the clan upon their laird; he did not, however, refuse to let his wife bring out the whisky bottle for his refreshment, at our request. 'She keeps a dram,' as the phrase is: indeed, I believe there is scarcely a lonely house by the

NOTES.

from sleeping. I could hear the waves beat the unusualness of my situation prevented me for my bed, though hard, was warm and clean: against the shore of the lake: a little rill close to the door made a much louder noise, and, when I sat up in my bed, I could see the lake through an open window-place at the bed's head. Add to this, it rained all night. I was less occupied by remembrance of the Trosachs, beautiful as they were, than the vision of the Highland hut, which I could not get out of my head; I thought of the Faery-land of Spenser, and then what a feast it would be for a Lonand what I had read in romance at other times; don Pantomime-maker could he but transplant it to Drury-lane, with all its beautiful colours!"-MS.

Page 273.

gives an account of the visit to Bothwell Castle
"Once on those steeps I roamed"
The following is from the same MS., and
here alluded to:-

wayside, in Scotland, where travellers may not be accommodated with a dram. sugar, butter, barley-bread, and milk; and, We asked for with a smile and a stare more of kindness than wonder, she replied, 'Ye'll get that,' bringing each article separately. We caroused our cups of coffee, laughing like children at the strange atmosphere in which we were: the smoke came in gusts, and spread along the walls; and above our heads in the chimney (where the hens were roosting) it appeared like clouds in the sky. We laughed and laughed again, in spite of the smarting of our eyes, yet had a quieter pleasure in observing the beauty of the beams and rafters gleaming between the clouds of smoke: they had been crusted over, and varnished by many winters, till, where the firelight fell upon them, they had become as glossy as black rocks, on a sunny day, cased in ice. When we had eaten our supper we sat about half an hour, and I think I never felt so deeply the blessing of a hospitable welcome and a warm fire. The man of the house repeated from time to time that we should often tell of this night when we got to our homes, and unexpectedly upon such a beautiful region. interposed praises of his own lake, which he The castle stands nobly, overlooking the Clyde. "It was exceedingly delightful to enter thus had more than once, when we were returning When we came up to it, I was hurt to see that in the boat, ventured to say was 'bonnier than flower-borders had taken place of the natural Loch Lomond.' Trosachs, who, it appeared, was an Edinburgh and wild plants. It is a large and grand pile Our companion from the overgrowings of the ruin, the scattered stones, drawing-master going, during the vacation, on of red free-stone, harmonising perfectly with a pedestrian tour to John o'Groat's house, was to sleep in the barn with my fellow-travellers, has been hewn. where the man said he had plenty of dry hay. tomed to the unnaturalness of a modern garden, the rocks of the river, from which, no doubt, it I do not believe that the hay of the Highlands I could not help admiring the excessive beauty When I was a little accusis ever very dry, but this year it had a better and luxuriance of some of the plants, particuchance than usual: wet or dry, however, the larly the purple-flowered clematis, and a broadnext morning they said they had slept com- leafed creeping plant without flowers, which fortably. When I went to bed, the mistress, desiring me to go ben,' attended me with a candle, and assured me that the bed was dry, that it seemed to be in its natural situation, and scrambled up the castle wall, along with the ivy, though not 'sic as I had been used to.' and spread its vine-like branches so lavishly was of chaff; there were two others in the self-planted among the ruins of this country, it It one could not help thinking that, though not room, a cupboard and two chests, upon one of must somewhere have its native abode in such which stood milk in wooden vessels, covered places. If Bothwell Castle had not been close over. The walls of the house were of stone unplastered: it consisted of three apartments, disgusted with the possessor's miserable conthe cowhouse at one end, the kitchen or house ception of adorning such a venerable ruin; but to the Douglas mansion, we should have been in the middle, and the spence at the other end; it is so very near to the house, that of necessity the rooms were divided, not up to the rigging, the pleasure-grounds must have extended bebut only to the beginning of the roof, so that yond it, and perhaps the neatness of a shaven there was a free passage for light and smoke lawn and the complete desolation natural to a from one end of the house to the other. to bed some time before the rest of the family; and, besides being within the precincts of the I went ruin might have made an unpleasing contrast; the door was shut between us, and they had a pleasure-grounds, and so very near to the dwelbright fire, which I could not see, but the light ling of a noble family, it has forfeited, in some it sent up amongst the varnished rafters and degree, its independent majesty, and becomes beams, which crossed each other in almost as intricate and fantastic a manner as I have seen interrupted, it has no longer the command the under-boughs of a large beech tree withered over the mind in sending it back into past times, a tributary to the mansion: its solitude being by the depth of shade above, produced the or excluding the ordinary feelings which we bear most beautiful effect that can be conceived. It about us in daily life. was like what I should suppose an underground regret that the castle and the house were so cave or temple to be, with a dripping or moist We had then only to roof, and the moonlight entering in upon it by to regret it; for the ruin presides in state over some means or other; and yet the colours were near to each other; and it was impossible not more like those of melted gems. up till the light of the fire faded away, and the morials of past ages, and maintain its own the river, far from city or town, as if it might I lay looking have a peculiar privilege to preserve its meman and his wife and child had crept into their character for centuries to come. bed at the other end of the room: I did not sleep much, but passed a comfortable night; We sat upon

views of the different reaches of the river, above
a bench under the high trees, and had beautiful

It can

a decayed state, by the side of the high road leading from Penrith to Appleby. This whole neighbourhood abounds in interesting traditions and vestiges of antiquity, viz., Julian's Bower; Brougham and Penrith Castles; Penrith Beacon, and the curious remains in Penrith Churchyard; Arthur's Round Table, and, close by, Maybrough; the excavation, called the Giant's Cave, on the banks of the Emont; Long Meg and her Daughters, near Eden, &c. &c.

Page 279.

Wings at my shoulder seem to play." In these lines I am under obligation to the exquisite picture of "Jacob's Dream," by Mr It is pleasant to Alstone, now in America. make this public acknowledgment to a man of genius, whom I have the honour to rank among my friends.

and below. On the opposite bank, which is | Nicholson and Burns's History of Westmorefinely wooded with elms and other trees, are land and Cumberland. the remains of a priory built upon a rock; and The tree has now disappeared, but I well rerock and ruin are so blended, that it is impos-member its imposing appearance as it stood, in sible to separate the one from the other. Nothing can be more beautiful than the little remnant of this holy place: elm trees (for we were near enough to distinguish them by their branches) grow out of the walls, and overshadow a small, but very elegant window. scarcely be conceived what a grace the castle and priory impart to each other; and the river Clyde flows on, smooth and unruffled below, seeming to my thoughts more in harmony with the sober and stately images of former times, than if it had roared over a rocky channel, forcing its sound upon the ear. It blended gently with the warbling of the smaller birds, and the chattering of the larger ones, that had made their nests in the ruins. In this fortress the chief of the English nobility were confined after the battle of Bannockburn. If a man is to be a prisoner, he scarcely could have a more pleasant place to solace his captivity; but I thought that, for close confinement, I should prefer the banks of a lake, or the seaside. The greatest charm of a brook or river is in the liberty to pursue it through its windings: you can then take it in whatever mood you like: silent or noisy, sportive or quiet. The beauties of a brook or river must be sought, and the pleasure is in going in search of them; those of a lake or of the sea come to you of themselves. These rude warriors cared little, perhaps, about either; and yet, if one may judge from the writings of Chaucer, and from the old romances, more interesting passions were connected with natural objects in the days of chivalry than now; though going in search of scenery, as it is called, had not then been thought of. I had previously heard nothing of Bothwell Castle, at least nothing that I remembered; therefore, perhaps, my pleasure was greater, compared with what I received elsewhere, than others might feel."-MS. Journal.

Page 274.
"Hart's-horn Tree."

"In the time of the first Robert de Clifford, in the year 1333 or 1334, Edward Baliol king of Scotland came into Westmoreland, and stayed some time with the said Robert at his castles of Appleby, Brougham, and Pendragon. And during that time they ran a stag by a single greyhound out of Whinfell Park to Redkirk, in Scotland, and back again to this place; where, being both spent, the stag leaped over the pales, but died on the other side; and the greyhound, attempting to leap, fell, and died on the contrary side. In memory of this fact the stag's horns were nailed upon a tree just by, and (the dog being named Hercules) this rhythm was made upon them:

'Hercules kill'd Hart a greese, And Hart a greese kill'd Hercules.' The tree to this day bears the name of Hart'shorn Tree. The horns in process of time were almost grown over by the growth of the tree, and another pair was put up in their place."

Page 281.

"But if thou, like Cocytus," &c. Many years ago, when I was at Greta Bridge, in Yorkshire, the hostess of the inn, proud of her skill in etymology, said, that "the name of the river was taken from the bridge, the form of which, as every one must notice, exactly resembled a great A." Dr Whitaker has derived it from the word of common occurrence in the north of England, "to greet; signifying to lament aloud, mostly with weeping: a conjecture rendered more probable from the stony and rocky channel of both the Cumberland and Yorkshire rivers. The Cumberland Greta, though it does not, among the country people, take up that name till within three miles of its disappearance in the river Derwent, may be considered as having its source in the mountain cove of Wythburn, and flowing through Thirlmere, the beautiful features of which lake are known only to those who, travelling between Grasmere and Keswick, have quitted the main road in the vale of Wythburn, and, crossing over to the opposite side of the lake, have proceeded with it on the right hand.

The channel of the Greta, immediately above Keswick, has, for the purposes of building, been in a great measure cleared of the immense stones which, by their concussion in high floods, produced the loud and awful noises described in the sonnet.

"The scenery upon this river," says Mr Southey in his Colloquies, where it passes under the woody side of Latrigg, is of the finest and most rememberable kind :

'ambiguo lapsu refluitque fluitque, Occurrensque sibi venturas aspicit undas.""

Page 282.

"By hooded votaresses,” &c. Attached to the church of Brigham was formerly a chantry, which held a moiety of the manor; and in the decayed parsonage some vestiges of monastic architecture are still to be

seen.