queen Catharine, dowager of Henry V. who, after that monarch's decease, had married Owen ap Meredith ap Tudor, by whom she had issue Edmund Tudor, surnamed of Hadham, on account of his birth at this place. He was created earl of Richmond, by the girding of the sword, &c. and had precedence in parliament after the dukes, on account of his relationship to Henry VI. He died in 1456, and was buried at the abbey of Caermarthen, whence his remains were removed, at the dissolution of that abbey, to the cathedral church of St. David's.

This nobleman married Margaret, sole daughter and heir of John Beaufort, duke of Somerset, grandson of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster; by her he had issue their only son Henry, earl of Richmond, afterwards king Henry VII.

Hadham church contains many monuments to repectable persons, who have been rectors.

SAWBRIDGEWORTH, or SABRIDGEWORTH, corruptly called Sabsey, or Sabsworth, was granted by William I. to Geffrey de Magnaville; it was then called Sabrixteworde. His posterity in the male line, who were made earls of Essex, enjoyed this manor till anno 1190, when the estate coming to earl William's aunt Beatrix, this manor by marriage passed to William de Say, whose ancestors had lived here, before the Conquest, at Saysberry, which stood in the place called Says Garden, in this town, and gave name to it. They were long owners of it; but the female issue at length marrying to Sir William Parr, earl of Northampton, who forfeited it to the crown, for his treason in siding with the duke of Northumberland to set up lady Jane Grey as queen of England; it was given by king James I. to Lionel Cranfield, earl of Middlesex, who sold it to Sir Thomas Hewit, knt. and citizen of London, in 1636, whose son, Sir George Hewit, created lord of James Town, and viscount Goran, in Ireland, dying without issue, bequeathed it by will, with his mansion house, called Pishiobury, to his fifth sister, the lady Arabella Wiseman, whom he made his executrix, and the rest of his estate to his other four sisters It is now in the family of the earl of Hardwicke. H

VOL. VI. No. 124.

Besides

Besides this manor, which seems at first to be called Sayesbury, there were divers other lesser manors, in this parish, dependant on it, viz. PISO, PISHO, PISHIOBURY, belonged to lord Say, who granted it to Warine Fitzgerald, from whose family, by a female, it passed to that of lord Scroope, whence it came to Walter Mildmay, Esq. whose son Sir Thomas, sold it to the earl of Middlesex abovementioned. It has since passed through several families to that of MILLES. TODENHAMBURY; MARTHAMS; HYDE HALL. This manor has been in possession of the family of Jocelyne, from the reign of Henry III. The present possessor is the right honourable Robert Robert Jocelyn, earl of Roden, in Ireland.

Geoffrey de Say, in the reign of king Edward I. obtained a charter for a weekly market on Friday, and a fair yearly upon the eve and day of the Blessed Virgin's nativity; but it appears from Norden's Survey, that the market was altered in his time, from Fridays to Wednesdays, and the fairs were kept on St. George's Day, April 23, and on St. Dennis's Day, October 9, as they now continue.

The rectory is in lay hands, and the vicarage is in the patronage of the bishop of London. The building stands at the east end of the town, near the manor house of Sayesbury; it is dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, hath three fair aisles, an handsome chancel and large tower, with a deep ring of five bells. Mr. Ward built a house of timber here for the vicar, at his own charge, on the south side of the churchyard.

In the church there are many monuments; as for John Jocelyne, Esq. who died in 1525; Jeffrey Jocelyne, twice mayor of London, who died in 1478; Sir Walter Mildmay, who died in 1606; Sir Thomas Hewit, who died in 1662; George, lord Hewit, who died in 1689; and Elizabeth, who died in 1635; the son and daughter of Sir Thomas; John Chauncy, who died in 1479; John Chauncy, who died in 1546; Sir William Hewit, who died in 1637; William Chauncy; Thomas de Sabridgworth; John Leventhorp, Esq. who died in 1484; Isabella, his wife, who died

in 1481; and Agnes, his sister, who died in 1444; Edward Leventhorp, Esq. who died in 1566; Sir John Leventhorp, knt. who died anno 1625; and John Leventhorp, Esq. his eldest son. The monuments in this place are well worth seeing.

HUNSDON, was part of the manor of Stansted at the General Survey. In Domesday Book it is said that "Aluinus de Godstone held eleven hides, and half a virgate of land, and that Radulf Talgebosch gave to Ranulph with his niece in marriage ten hides; and the eleventh hide he placed in Honesdone, as parcel of his manor of Stansted, and from this time it became a distinct manor."

Shortly after Richard, earl of Hertford, eldest son of Gilbert de Tonebridge, was possessed of this manor, and gave to the monks of St. Augustine at Stoke, whom he had then just removed out of his castle at Clare, anno 1124, a doe every year out of his park at Honesdone; it then passed to Sir Walter de Montgomery, and John Engain, by whose posterity it was sold to Sir William Oldhall, knt. whose son, Sir John, being attainted for assisting king Richard III. in Bosworth field battle, it was forfeited to the crown.

King Henry VII. settled it on his mother, Margaret, countess of Richmond, and Thomas, earl of Derby, her husband, for life; and after their decease king Henry VIII. granted it with the manors of Eastwicke, Barley, and Hide, in this county, to Thomas, duke of Norfolk, in special tail, from whom it reverted to the crown; and the king erected a palace here, to which he often resorted for the pleasantness of the air, and kept his children here; having annexed the manors of Royden and Stansted to it, he made them an honour, and his manor the capital place to it. King Edward VI. settled it afterwards on his sister, the lady Mary, who coming to be queen, it again vested in the

crown.

Queen Elizabeth, soon after her accession, granted it to Sir Henry Cary, her maternal cousin, who was afterwards created by the queen, lord Hunsdon; it is now the propert of Nicholson Calvert, Esq.

Within the church are many monuments to the memory of Sir John Cary, lord Hunsdon; Felix Calvert, Esq. of Nine Ashes, in this parish; and other respectable parishioners, particularly for JAMES GRAY, a huntsman, whose effigies on a brass plate, depicts him with his broad sword and bugle horn; his cross-bow levelled at a stag, in whose side he has fixed the fatal arrow; at the same instant the grim monarch holds his arrow at the huntsman's breast. The motto Sic pergo.

WARE

stands upon the river Lea, and is so called from a sort of dam, antiently made there to stop the current, termed a Wear or Ware*. It is twenty-one miles from London, and is the second post town from thence on the northern road. The town is low, being on a level with the river. It is a place of great trade for all sorts of grain, but chiefly malt, which is conveyed in great quantities to London, by the river Lea, and the new navigable canal; the barges bring back coals, &c.

The town was but a small village in the reign of Wil Jiam I. and no other notice is taken of it in Domeday Book, but that the manor was parcel of the possession of Hugh de Grentemaisuil, of whom it is there recorded, that he held twenty-four hides in Ware. From his family, after some descents, it came to Sayer de Quincy, earl of Winchester, who first laid the foundation of the greatness of this town, which from the very beginning eclipsed the town of Hertford; for he caused the iron chain which locked up the passage over the bridge into this town to be broken, and the road for carts and horses to be laid open, whereas be

*The Danes seem to be the first who made use of them in these parts; for when they, with the assistance of the barbarous nations, their neighbours, invaded this kingdom, much weakened with intestine quar rels, they having passed the Thames, ventured up the river Lea in their light pinnaces, and came up as far as this place, where they erected a fort; and to secure it from king Alfred's army, raised the waters so high by a great dam or Wear, that it could not come at thein, and from this Wear was the town called.

fore

fore all traffic was prohibited this way, and only such persons suffered to pass as paid toll to the bailiff of Hertford, who kept the key to the chain. By this means this place became a great thoroughfare, and inus and houses began to be erected for the reception and entertainment of travellers, so that in a short time it became a populous town.

Margaret, the wife of this earl, surviving her husband, addicted herself to a monastic life, and built a priory here in 1234, and dedicated to St. Francis, for a cell to St. Ebrulf, in Normandy. She gave the tithes of Ware church, and that of Thunderich, for the maintenance of them and their house, and they enjoyed them till the Dissolution; when being surrendered into theking's hands, they were conveyed by that monarch to Trinity College, Cambridge, and leased out by the college. There was another monastic foundation here, of uncertain origin.

Robert de Quincy, the younger son of Sayer, being pleased with the growth of his manor, made use of his in terest in the favour of king Henry III. whom he had served in his wars in Gascoigue, to procure a market and fair in his manor of Ware. From his family it passed through many hands to Thomas Fanshaw, the king's remembrancer in the exchequer, who purchased it of Katherine, countess of Huntington. He by a 2uo Warranto claimed a weekly market on Tuesdays, a court of pied-poudre, view of frank-pledge, waif and stray, free-warren, a park, &c. all which privileges were allowed him, so that there still is a good market kept here on Tuesday, and a fair on the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin; but the manor was since alienated to Sir Thomas Byde, whose descendant, Thomas Hope Byde, Esq. is the present possessor.

There are several other lesser manors in this town, 1. Westmill, which belonged in the Conqueror's reign to Ralph de Todeni, as appears from Domesday Book, where it is recorded, "That Roger held of Ralph de Todenie, Wesmeale, in Brachings hundred.” From his family it passed to the Halfhides, who enjoyed it for divers successions, but at length by the female issue it came to Thomas

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