can they affert against us a right to carry the manufactures of our enemies to the colonies of France and Spain ?" P. ix,

This important confideration is further enforced with great ability and energy, the author contending (we think unanfwerably) that "neutral nations ought not actively to affift in giving effect to a fyftem, which is planted, fuftained, and expanded by thefe invafions of neutral rights." This part of the fubject is placed by the Editor in a very striking view; and it feems well to deferve the attention of all enlightened and patriotic ftatefmen, both in America and this country. To the former he fuggefts confiderations of the highest importance, arifing from the increafed power and probable views of Bonaparte. The latter he profeffes to address in an animated apoftrophe to Mr. Fox, exhorting him not haftily to concede to the claims of America, but to fend a minifter to that country, who may treat deliberately and difpaffionately on the points in difpute. A poftfcript is, added, chiefly to vindicate the bill for prohibiting the foreign flave trade to his Majefty's fubjects; on which measure the author's opinions appear to us to be perfectly juft.

It is time we fhould now advert to the fpeech of Mr. Randolph in which that gentleman confiders, 1ft. The ability of America to contend with Great Britain for the question in difpute; 2dly. The policy of fuch a conteft; and 3dly, In cafe both these fhall be fettled affirmatively, the manner in which his country can, with the greatest effect, re-act upon and annoy its adverfary.

Ön the first point he clearly fhows how unable the navy of his country would be found to contend with us on the ocean, and how little they could gain by invading the American provinces belonging to Great Britain. He earneftly asks,

"What is the question in difpute? The carrying trade?. What part of it? The fair, the honeft, and the useful trade that is engaged in carrying our productions to foreign markets, and bringing back their productions in exchange? No, sir; it is that carrying trade which covers enemy's property, and carries the coffee, the fugar, and other Weft India products, to the mother country. It is not," he adds, "for the honeft carrying trade of America, but for this mushroom, this fungus of war, for a trade which, as foon as the nations of Europe are at peace, will no longer exift; it is for this that the spirit of avaricious traffic would plunge us into war." P. 4.

Adverting to the fecond point, he inquires, "How far it is politic in the United States to throw their weight into the scale

of

of France at this moment, from whatever motive, to aid the views of her gigantic ambition-to make her mistress of the fea and land-to jeopardize the liberties of mankind." He warns his countrymen, that they may help to crush Great Britainthey may affift in breaking down her naval dominion, but they cannot fucceed to it. The iron fceptre of the ocean will pafs into his hands who wears the iron crown of the land. They may then expect a new code of maritime law. Where," he asks, "will they look for redrefs?" P. 7.

He also reminds them that their government was not framed for offenfive war, but for the common defence, and the general welfare; which are inconfiftent with fuch a war. That fpecies of warfare would, he thinks, raze the conftitution of America to the very foundation.

In this part of the fpeech are many expreffions (which the editor has printed in Italics) fhowing the opinion of the fpeaker on the chief point in difpute, the colonial carrying trade, to be unfavourable to the claims of America; and this opinion receives weight from the circumftance that Mr. R. appears, in other refpects, by no means a partizan of Great Britain; for he admits that he wifhed fuccefs to the French arms in 1793, and was adverfe to a war with hat nation in 1798, notwithstanding her infolent and inju rious conduct towards his country. Every motive which (in his opinion) rendered a war with France, at that period, inexpedient, is now, he deems, applicable as a diffuafive to any conduct hoftile towards Great Britain.

Much is alfo faid to fhow how inefficient a naval war would be on the part of America, what damage fhe would herfelf receive, and how little fhe could do to injure our profperity. But for these, and other important remarks, we muft refer to the fpeech itfelf; which, though occafionally defultory in its manner, fomewhat tinctured with American prejudices, and, in a few paffages, deformed by inconfiftent metaphors, is undoubtedly the production of a vigorous and enlightened mind, and affords important information both refpecting the politics of that country, and the important difcuffions pending between America and Great

Britain.

ART. VI. Notes on the West Indies: Written during the Expedition under the Commana of the late General Sir Ralph Abercromby including Obfervations on the Island of Barbadaes, and the Settlements captured by the British Troops, upon

IF

the Coaft of Guiana; likewife Remarks relating to the Creoles and Slaves of the Western Colonies, and the Indians of South America: with occafional Hints, regarding the Seafoning, or Yellow Fever of Hot Climates. By George Pinckard, M.D. of the Royal College of Phyficians, Deputy Inspector-General of Hofpitals to his Majefty's Forces, and Phyfician to the Bloomsbury Difpenfary. In Three Volumes. 8vo. 11. ls. Longman, &c. 1806.,

F the author had compreffed this performance, it might have been recommended as a very important and ufeful work on that most intricate and perplexing fubject, the Yellow Fever. But the three volumes are filled with a great deal of frivolous and defultory matter, not altogether indeed without entertainment, but of that unsubstantial kind to which no permanent reputation can be annexed. The greater part of the first volume is occupied with the defcription of the writer's various perplexities and difappointments in his progress towards the end and object of his voyage, interefting to himself, no doubt, but of little concern to the reader, On his arrival at Barbadoes his work affumes a different and more interefting afpect, and has certainly communicated to us much information and amusement. This is fill in a high degree increased when we accompany him to the Colonies of Guiana, concerning which our knowledge is almost altogether limited to what we learn from Stedman. As, however, the fubject of the Yellow Fever is that which will make these volumes more particularly the objects of curiofity, we fhall transcribe Dr. Pinckard's reprefentation of his own. cafe; which, as it is written with great fpirit, entitles him alfo, in our opinion, to the praife of extraordinary felf command and perfonal fortitude.

"I proceed to lay before you the hiftory of my case, while all the circumftances of it are fresh in my recollection, although in truth, I feel them too deeply engraven upon the tablet of my memory ever to be defaced. In perufing them, you will difcover that the invasion of the disease was not lefs infidious, than its progrefs has been dangerous. On Saturday the 17th inft, excepting only the time occupied in my morning and evening vifits at the hofpital, I fat the whole of the day in my room, bufily employed in writing. In the evening I felt an aching fenfation in the middle of my thighs, which I attributed to fitting fo many hours upon a rough wooden chair. At tea time I joined the gentlemen of the hofpital-mefs, and afterwards invited the furgeon to accompany me in a promenade, in the idea ef walking away the uneafy weight which I felt in my limbs ;

but

but the exercife failing of fuccefs, I bathed and went early to bed, unfufpecting the enemy, who lurked in my veins, and nothing doubting but fleep would prove an effectual remedy. But I was again difappointed, for instead of the uneafy feelings being removed, a fevere head-ach and pain of the eyes, with great thirst and drynefs of mouth fupervened, and I paffed a dif turbed and reftlefs night. Awakened fufpicion now taught me that I was attacked by an enemy much more formidable than the fuppofed wooden ftool; I therefore took fome medicine, and emained in bed until noon; yet from having feveral times experienced fimilar fymptoms, and nearly equal in degree, whilft I was on duty at Mahaica, I was willing to believe that it might be only a falfe alarm. The medicine produced fome relief. I fat up during the afternoon, and in the evening made my vifit, as ufual, to the hofpital; but feelings of languor and general indifpofition were hovering about me, and I returned to my pillow at an early hour, again hoping that the foothing deity of repofe would bring me a cure; but a fleepless and moft wretched night unveiled the delufion. All the fymptoms of difeafe were highly aggravated, and every fenfation affured me that I had now to oppofe, in my own perfon, the infatiate foe, whofe ravages upon others I had fo frequently deplored, No time was to be loft, and happily I was not difmayed, but confiding in our refources, I refolved to ftand the affault, in firm and decided combat; and to a perfevering refiftance, I feel that I am indebted for the bleffing of again addreffing you. All the powers of my body feemed to have deferted me, but the faculties of my mind were unimpaired, and I may fay that this has been the only period of my life, when I have fo conquered my diflike to naufeous dofes as for my ftomach and my palate to receive them, not only without reluctance, but even as delicious cordials.

"All the violence of difcafe now rushed in upon me, hurrying on towards rapid deftruction. The light was intolerable, and the pulfations of the head and eyes were moft excruciating-conveying a fenfation as if three or four hooks were fastened into the globe of each eye, and fome perfon, ftanding behind me, was dragging them forcibly from their orbits back into the head, the cerebrum being, at the fame time, detached from its membranes. and leaping about violently within the cranium. A wearying pain occupied my back and limbs, and in particular the calves of my legs, feeling as if dogs were gnawing down to the bones, while a tormenting reft leffnefs poffeffed my whole frame, and totally prevented the flightest approach to ease or quiet. The fkin was burning, and conveyed a pungent fenfation when touched the pulfe was quickened but not very full: the tongue was white and parched, with exceffive thirst, and conftant drynefs of the mouth, lips, and teeth. I know not from which I fuf. fered moft, the excruciating pain, the infatiable thirst, or the unpafable reftleness; for all were equally infupportable, and

either of them might have fufficed to exhauft the ftrongest frame. Combining their tortures, they created a degree of irritation amounting almoft to phrenfy; and which, but for the means used to alleviate it, muft have deftroyed me in a few hours. No place nor pofition afforded a moment's reft. I rolled about the bed-turned every inftant from fide to fide-placed my head high-laid it low-threw my limbs from under the sheet, hung them over the fide of the bed-tumbled off the clothes, and moved about inceffantly to find a refting place; but all in vain-no eafe was to be found, not even a momentary refpite was granted from this exceffive torment. It was under thefe fymptoms that I requested the furgeon to take twelve or fourteen ounces of blood from my arm, and to give me a strong dofe of calomel. This was on Monday morning the 19th inft. the attack having commenced on the evening of Saturday the 17th. The pain of the head and eyes was confiderably relieved by the bleeding, the reftlefinefs was alfo in a flight degree diminishedbut the thirst, with heat and drynefs of kin, ftill continued. I drank copiously of mild diluents, and the calomel acted freely as an evacuant; but till I had no reft, and paffed a third night in extreme fuffering, and without fleep. On the 20th the pain was lefs excruciating, and the light lefs intolerable; bất the other symptoms of fever remained, together with an increafed degree of languor and debility: I therefore avoided further evacuations, and took a faline medicine with camphire. The night was again most painfully rettlefs, fleep was wholly denied me, and I felt myself finking into extreme exhaustion.

"In the morning of the 21ft I was free from the high action of fever, the heat and pain had fubfided, the pulfe was lefs quick, and I was in a copious perfpiration, but the whitenefs of tongue. remained, with a most haraffing and unquenchable thirst; and in proportion as the more violent fymptoms abated, others, even more diftreffing if poffible, fupervened. My ftrength and voice were gone; an indefcribable uncafinefs affected my whole body: I was attacked with an exhaufting diarrhea; felt a moft annihilating fenfation at the ferobiculus cordis; and funk into a degree of languor and proftration, not to be conceived.

66

On

I paffed the day and night under the moft wearifome and diftreffing fenfations, and with my bodily powers fo rapidly declining, that I felt more and more enfeebled every hour. the 22d fcarcely a hope remained of my recovery. Every energy of the fyftem feemed to be fubdued, and the languor and proftra. tion of ftrength had reached their extremeft degree,

་་

"I now felt that my life only hung by a flender filament, and was confcious that each half-hour might be my laft. I was fo reduced as to be no longer able to fupport myself upon my fide in bed; but lay fupine and proftrate, with my flaccid limbs fretched in full extenfion, and which, if they were lifted from their place, fell lifelefs upon the fame fpot. A weakening diarr

hoa