Q. 23. Into what eftate did the fall bring mankind? 4. The fail brought mankind into an eftate of fin and mifery t. Q. 24. What is fin? A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or tranfgreffion of any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature v. Q5. Wherein confifteth the finfulness of that estate whereinto man fell? 4. The finfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, confisteth in the guilt of Adam's fin w, the want of that righte- X oufnefs wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indifpofed, difabled, and made oppofite unto all that is fpiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually : which is commonly called original the knowledge of good and evil, thou fhalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eateft thereof, thou shalt furely die. (Compared with Rom. V. 12. to 20. verfe.) Wherefore as by one man fin entered into the world, and death by fin; and fo death paffed upon all men, for that all have finned. v. 15. For if thro' the offence of one, many be dead; much more-v. 16.-For the judgment was by one to condemna tion;v. 17. For if by one man's offence, death reigned by one; much -. 18. Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even fo, -v. 19. For as by one man's difobedience many were made finners, fo by the obedience And with 1 Cor. xv. 21. For fince by man came death, by man came alfo the refur rection of the dead. v, 22. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. .more all have finned, and come fort of the glory of God. 24 John iii. 4. Whofoever committeth fin, tranfgreffeth alfo the law: for fin is the trangreffion of the law. Gal. iii. 10. For as many as are of the works of the law, are under the curfe: for it is written, Curfed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. V. 12. And the law is not of faith: but, The man that doth them, shali live in them. 25. w Rom. v. 12. Wherefore as by one man fin entered into the world, and death by fin; and fo death paffed upon all men, for that all have finned. v. 19. For as by one man's difobedience many were made finners; fo by the obedience of one fhall many be made righteous, x Rom. iii. 10. As it is written. There is none righteous, no not one: v, 1. There is none that underftandeth, there is none that fecketh after God. v. 12. They are all gone out of the way, they are altogether become unprofitable, there is none that doeth good, no not one. M 3 V. 13. nal fin, and from which do proceed all actual tranfgreffions y. Q. 26. How is original fin. conveyed from our first parents unto their pofterity? A. Original fin is conveyed from our firft parents unto their posterity by natural generation, fo as all that proceed from them in that way, are conceived and born in fin z. Q. 27. What mifery did the fall bring upon mankind? A. The fall brought upon mankind the lofs of communion with God a, his difpleasure and curfe; fo as we are by nature v. 13. Their throat is an open fepulchre; with their tongues they, have used deceit: the poifon of afps is under their lips. v. 14. Whofe mouth is full of curfing and bitternefs. v. 15. Their feet are swift to fhed blood. v. 16. Destruction and mifery are in their ways: v. 17. And the way of peace have they not known. v. 18. There is no fear of God before their eyes. v. 19. Now we know that what things foever the law faith, it faith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God. Eph. ii. 1. And you hath he quickened who were dead in trefpaffes and fins; v. 2. Wherein in time past ye walk ed according to the courfe of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air; the fpirit that now worketh in the children of difobedience, v. 3. Among whom alfo we all had our converfation in times paft, in the lufts of our flesh, fulfil ling the defires of the flesh, and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others, Rom, v. 6. For when we were yet without ftrength, in due time Chrift died for the ungodly. Rom. viii. 7. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: For it is not fubject to the law of cod, neither indeed can be v. 8. So then they that are in chil the flesh, cannot please God. Gen. vi. 5. And God faw that the wick. edness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. : y james i. 14. But every man is tempted when he is drawn away by his own luft, and enticed. v. 15. Then when luft hath conceived, it bringeth forth fin and fin when it is finished, bringeth forth death. Mat. xv. 19. For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witnefs, blafphemies. 26. z Pfalm li. 5. Behold, I was fhapen in iniquity: and in fin did my mother conceive me. Job xiv. 4. Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one. Job. xv. 14. What is man, that he fhould be clean? and he who is born of a woman, that he should be righteous? John iii. 6. That which is born of the flesh, is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit, is fpirit, 27. a Gen. iii. 8. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themfelves from the prefence of the Lord God, amongst the trees of the garden. v. 10. And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden: and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I children of wrath b, bond flaves to Satan c, and juftly liable to all punishments in this world, and that which is to come d. Q. 28. What are the punishments of fin in this world? A. The punishments of fin in this world, are either inward, as blindness of mind e, a reprobate fenfe f, ftrong delufions g, hardness of heart h, horror of conscience i, and vile affections ; hid myself. v. 24. So he drove out the man and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden, cherubims, and a flaming fword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. b Eph. ii. 2. Wherein in time paft ye walked according to the courfe of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the Spirit that now worketh in the children of diobedience, v. . 3. Among whom alfo we all had our conversa. tion in times paft, in the lufts of our flesh, fulfilling the defires of the flesh, and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others. c2 Tim. ii. 26. And that they may recover themselves out of the fnate of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will. d Gen. ii. 17. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou fhalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eateft thereof, thou fhalt furely die. Lam. iii. 39. Where fore doth a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his fins? Rom. vi. 13. For the wages of fin is death: but the gift of God is eter. nal life, through Jefus Chrift our Lord. Mat xxv. 41. Then fhall he fay also unto them on the left. band, Depart from me, ye curfed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels, v. 46. And thefe fhall go away into everlasting punishment; but the righteous into life eternal. Jude 7. Even as Sodom or and Gomorrah, and the cities about then in like manner giving themfelves over to fornication, and going after ftrange flesh, are set forth for an example, fuffering the vengeance of eternal fire. 28. Eph. iv. 18. Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, thro' the ignorance that is in them, becaufe of the blindness of their heart. fRom. i. 28. Even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient. g 2 Theff. ii. 11. And for this caufe God fhall fend them ftrong delufions, that they should believe a lie. Rom ii, 5. But after thy hardnefs and impenitent heart, treafureft up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath, and revelation of the righteous judgment of God. ¿ Ifa. xxxiii. 14. The finners in Zion are afraid, fearfulness hath furprifed the hypocrites: who among us fhall dwell with the devouring fire? who amongst us fhall dwell with everlafling burnings? Gen. iv. 13. And Cain faid unto the Lord, my punishment is greater than I can bear. Mat. xxvii, 4. Saying, have finned, in that I have betrayed innocent blood. And they faid, What is that to us? fee thou to that. Rom. i, 26. For this eaufe God gave them up unto vile affections : for even their women did change M 4 the or outward, as the curfe of God upon the creatures for our fakes /; and all other evils that befal us in our bodies, names, eftates, relations, and employments m; together with death itself n. Q. 29. What are the punishments of fin in the world to come? A. The punishments of fin in the world to come, are, everlafting feparation from the comfortable presence of God, and moft grievous torments in foul and body, without intermiffion, in hell-fire for ever o Q. 30. Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the eftate of fin and mifery? A. God doth not leave all mankind to perish in the estate of fin and mifery p, into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the covenant of works q; but of his mere love and mercy delivereth his elect out of it, and bring eth the natural ufe into that which is a- thofe things is death. v. 23. For gainst nature. the wages of fin is death: but the / Gen, iii, 17. And unto Adam, gift of God is eternal life, through he faid, Because thou haft hearken- Jesus Christ our Lord. ed unto the voice of thy wife, and haft eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, faying, Thou fhalt not eat of it: curfed is the ground for thy fake: in forrow fhalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life. m Deut. xxviii. 15. to the end. But it fhall come to pafs, if thou will not hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to obferve to do all his commandments, and his ftatutes which I command thee this day; that all these curfes fhall come upon thee, and overtake thee. v. 16 Curfed fhalt thou be in the city, and curfed fhalt thou be in the field. v. 17. Curfed fhall be thy hasket and thy ftore. v. 18. Curfed fhall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, &c. z Rom. vi. 21. What fruit had ye then in thofe things, whereof ye are now afhamed? for the end of 29. 2, Theff. i. 9. Who fhall be punished with everlasting deftruction, from the prefence of the Lord, · and from the glory of his power. Mark ix. 44, 46, 48.-To go unto hell,-Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. Luke xvi, 24. And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy upon me, and fend Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am torment, ed in this flame. 39. p 1 Theff. v. 9. For God. hath not appointed us to wrath; bur to obtain falvation by our Lord Je fus Chrift. 9 Gal. iii, 10. For as many as are of the works of the law, are under the curfe, for it is written, Curfed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. v. 12, And the law is not of faith: but, The eth them into an eftate of falvation by the fecond covenant, commonly called the covenant of grace r. 31. With whom was the covenant of grace made? A. The covenant of grace was made with Chrift as the fecond Adam, and in him with all the elect as his feed. Q. How is the grace of God manifefted in the fecond covenant? A. The grace of God is manifefted in the fecond covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to finners a Mediator t, and life and falvation by him; and requiring faith, as the condition The man that doth them, fhall live in them. Tit. iii. 4. But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appeared, v. 5. Not by works of righteoufnefs, which we have done, but according to his mercy he faved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the holy choft; v. 6. Which he fhed on us abundantly, through Jefus Chrift our Saviour: v. 7. That being juftified by his grace, we fhould be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. Gal. iii. 21. Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid for if there had been a law given, which could have given life, verily righteousness fhould have been by the law. Rom. iii. 20, Therefore by the deeds of the law, there fhall no flesh be juftified in his fight: for by the law is the knowledge of fin. v. 21. But now the righteoufnefs of God without the law is manifefted, being witneffed by the law and the prophets; v. 22. Even the righteoufnefs of God which is by faith of Jefus Chrift unto all, and upon all them that believe; for there is no difference. 31. Gal. iii. 16. Now to Abraham and his feed were the promises made. He faith not, And to feeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy feed, which is Chrift. (Rom. v. 15. to the end,) Ifa. liii. 40. Yet it pleased the Lord to bruife him, he hath put him to grief: when thou fhalt make his foul an offering for fin, he fhall fee his feed, he fhall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the Lord thall profper in his hand. v. tr. He fhall fee of the travail of his foul, and shall be fatisfied: by his knowledge' fhall my righteous fervant juftify many; for he fhall bear their iniquities. 32. t Gen. ii. 15. And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy feed and her feed: it fhall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruife his heel. Ifa. xlii. 6. I the Lord have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and will give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles. John vi. 27. Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that. meat which endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man fhall give unto you: For him hath God the Father fealed. vr John v. 11. And this is the record, that God hath given unto us eternal life and this life is in his Son. v. 12. He that hath the Son, hath life; and he that hath not the Son of God, hath not life. w Luke |