ABSTRACT

OF

GENERAL GEOGRAPHY,

COMPREHENDING

A MORE MINUTE DESCRIPTION

OF THE

BRITISH EMPIRE;

AND OF

PALESTINE, OR THE HOLY LAND.

WITH NUMEROUS EXERCISES.

FOR THE USE OF JUNIOR CLASSES.

BY JOHN WHITE,
TEACHER OF ENGLISH, GEOGRAPHY, AND HISTORY
North St David Street, Edinburgh.

FIFTH EDITION.

EDINBURGH:

SOLD BY

WILLIAM WHYTE & CO., OLIVER & BOYD, WILLIAM WILSON;
M. OGLE, D. ROBERTSON, GLASGOW; JOHN SINCLAIR, DUMFRIES;
JAMES DEWAR, PERTH; A. BROWN & CO., ABERDEEN;

K. DOUGLAS, INVERNESS; W. GRAPEL, LIVERPOOL;
W. & W. CLARKE, MANCHESTER; R. BURDEKIN, YORK;
AND SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., LONDON.

MDCCCXXXVI.

[Price One Shilling bound.]

ENTERED IN STATIONERS' HALL.

Printed by Oliver & Boyd,

Tweeddale Court, High Street, Edinburgh.

OF

GENERAL GEOGRAPHY, &c

GEOGRAPHICAL DEFINITIONS.

GEOGRAPHY means a description of the earth. A Map is a drawing or picture of the surface of the earth, or of a part of it. The top of a map is north; the bottom, south; the right-hand side, east; the left-hand side, west.

The surface of the earth consists of land and water. The land consists of continents and islands ;-the water, of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers.

A Continent is the greatest portion of land, nowhere entirely separated by water. A Country is a large tract of land known by a particular name. An Island is much smaller than a continent, and wholly surrounded by water. A Peninsula is a portion of land almost surrounded by

water.

An Isthmus is a narrow portion of land, joining two larger portions together. A Cape, Promontory, Point, Head, Naze, Ness, or Mull, is the extremity of a portion of land stretching into the sea. A Coast or Shore is that part of the land which borders on the sea.

A Strait is

A Lake is

An Ocean is the largest division of salt water. A Sea is a smaller division than an ocean. A Bay and Gulf are parts of the sea running into the land. a narrow passage of water joining two seas. a collection of water surrounded by land. A Frith or Estuary is the widening of a river into an arm of the sea. A River is a considerable stream of water, running into the sea, or into a larger river.