in the indicative mood, appear to be incorrectly applied. The impropriety of such associations may be inferred from a few examples: "I will have had previous notice, whenever the event happens ;" "Thou shalt have served thy apprenticeship before the end of the year;” “He shall have completed his business when the messenger arrives." "I shall have had; thou wilt have served; he will have completed," &c. would have been correct and applicable. The peculiar import of these auxiliaries, as explained under section 7, seems to account for their impropriety in the applications just mentioned.

Some writers on Grammar object to the propriety of admitting the second future, in both the indicative and subjunctive moods: but that this tense is applicable to both moods, will be manifest from the following examples. "John will have earned his wages the next new-year's day," is a simple declaration, and therefore in the indicative mood: "If he shall have finished his work when the bell rings, he will be entitled to the reward," is conditional and contingent, and is therefore in the subjunctive mood.

We shall conclude these detached observations, with one remark which may be useful to the young scholar, namely, that as the indicative mood is converted into the subjunctive, by the expression of a condition, motive, wish, supposition, c. being superadded to it; so the potential mood may, in like manner, be turned into the subjunctive; as will be seen in the following examples: "If I could deceive him, I should abhor it;""Though he should increase in wealth, he would not be charitable ;" "Even in prosperity he would gain no esteem, unless he should conduct himself better."

The auxiliary and neuter verb To be, is conjugated as follows:

The remaining tenses of this mood are, in general, similar o the correspondent tenses of the Indicative mood. See pages 6,76,77, and the notes under the nineteenth rule of Syntax. Infinitive Mood.

SECTION 7. The Auxiliary Verbs conjugated in their simple form; with observations on their peculiar nature and force. THE learner will perceive that the preceding auxiliary erbs, to have and to be, could not be conjugated through all he moods and tenses, without the help of other auxiliary erbs; namely, may, can, will, shall, and their variations. hat auxiliary verbs, in their simple state, and unassisted by thers, are of a very limited extent; and that they are chiefly seful, in the aid which they afford in conjugating the princial verbs; will clearly appear to the scholar, by a distinct congation of each of them, uncombined with any other. They re exhibited for his inspection; not to be committed to memry.

ng. 1. I have. lur. 1. We have

TO HAVE.

Present Tense

2. Thou hast.
2. Ye or you have.

3. He hath or has. 3. They have.

Sing. 1. I had.
Plur. 1. We had.

Imperfect Tense.

2. Thou hadst.
2. Ye or you had.

3. He had.

3. They had.

Perfect. I have had, &c. Pluperfect. I had had, &c.

*Shall is here properly used in the present tense, having the same an to should that can has to could, may to might, and ul to wordd.

The verbs have, be, will, and do, when they are unconnectd with a principal verb, expressed or understood, are not xiliaries, but principal verbs: as, "We have enough;" "I n grateful;""He wills it to be so;" "They do as they lease." In this view, they also have their auxiliaries: as, I shall have enough;" "I will be grateful," &c.

The peculiar force of the several auxiliaries will appear om the following account of them.

܂

Do and did mark the action itself, or the time of it, with reater energy and positiveness: as, "I do speak truth;"" "I id respect him ;" "Here am I, for thou didst call me." They e of great use in negative sentences: as, "I do not fear;" I did not write." They are almost universally employed asking questions: as, "Does he learn ?" "Did he not rite ?" They sometimes also supply the place of another rb, and make the repetition of it, in the same, or a subselent sentence, unnecessary: as, "You attend not to your udies as he does ;" (i. e. as he attends, &c.) "I shall come I can; but if I do not, please to excuse me;" (i. e. if I me not.)

Let not only expresses permission, but entreating, exhortg, commanding as, "Let us know the truth:""Let me e the death of the righteous;" "Let not thy heart be too uch elated with success;" "Let thy inclination submit to y duty."

May and might express the possibility or liberty of doing thing; can and could, the power: as, "It may rain ;" "I ay write or read;""He might have improved more than