Ver. 6. house,"

"But Christ as a Son over his own "Still it may be said, that nothing but the pre-existence of the soul of Christ can suit those expressions of his being sent from God, and coming from God. "To which I answer, that the account here given by me is well suited to all such expressions in their utmost latitude, according to the style of Scripture. For we may be all said to be sent by God into the world, without the supposition of a pre-existent soul. Especially are prophets sent from God. But above all, Jesus is most properly the sent of God, as he had the highest and most important commission.

tor! what dost thou mean?" Casca, on the manity, all indifferent to earth and all attatchother side, called to his hrother to come and ed to heaven, which the rancorous and hypohelp him; upon which the rest of the conspira- critical laureate of England so modestly claims tors, drawing their daggers, surrounded Cæsar, as his own. Byron claimed not such perfection and fell upon him with such fury, that several -Byron was only high-minded, generous, manof them wounded each other. Brutus, in par-ly, honorable, and brave; but what were all ticular, received a wound in the band from these traits compared to the spotless purity of a Cossius, who, flying at Cæser with prodigious Bowles, or the unearthly piety of a Southey? rage, gave him a deep wound in the head. The It is enough to sicken the heart with human hero, thus baited on all sides, to use Pluthrch's nature, to see such men as this duumvirate held expression, like a wild beast in a toil, fought up as paragons of excellence, and then to turn and defended himself in the best manner he to the grave of the slandered Byron, and mark could, till, looking rounk him, to see if he could the serpents that are crawling there, empoisonmake his escape, he perceived Brutus, with his ing the laurels that flourish above it, and riotdagger in his hand. Filled with anguish at thising over the decay of a noble and magnanimous St. John 1. 9. "There was a man sent from sight, be struggled no more, but crying out, breast.-Morning Courier. God, whose name was John." Nevertheless" What! my son Brutus, and thou too!" he none suppose that John the Baptist came directly from heaven: but only, that he was in spired, and had a divine command to appear in the world, and bear witness concerning the Christ, who would come presently after him. "And the commission which our Lord gave to his Apostles, is expressed by himself after this manner, John xvii. 18. "As thou hast sent me into the world, even so have I sent them into the world." And xx. 21. "As my father has sent me, so send I you."

covered his face with his robe, and wrapping
the skirts of his garment round his knees, that
he might fall with decency, he sunk down at
the foot of Pompey's statue, and expired, hav-
ing received three and twenty wounds. The
senate looked on with horror and amazement;
but not one of them dared to lend him the least
assistance.

WASHINGTON IRVING.

The Paris Constitutionel, preludes a critique on the French translation of "Knickerbocker's as follows-Raillery is exiled from the literary wortd-we have given up joking. Cervantes, Rabclais, Swift, Sterne, Le Sage, and more than all, Voltairc, have exhausted irony-huThus died in the fifty-sixth year of his age. manity no longer laughs-she bewails her misthe greatest warrior that Rome, or perhaps the eries and her foibles. There is a cry of universworld ever saw, after he had fought with suc-sal desolation, or rather of revolt, against rem cess fifty pitched battles, taken by assault a ediable evils, and from which we might easily thousand towns, and slain, if Pliny is to be cred-be spared. In the accession of this grave melited, eleven hundred and ninety-two thousand ancholy there is also a little conventional sadness, a habitude which forms the character of the age, and opposes itself to the developement of that evil genius which inspired Micromegas and the Count of Tonneau. One may get drunk and sleep on the scarcely cold lava of Vesuvius, but we think that in sight of the growling and smoking volcano the inhabitants of Resina make few good epigrams.

"But, as before said, Jesus is the sent of God, as he had the highest commission. John iii. 34. "He whom God hath sent, speaketh the words of God." ch. iv. 34. "My meat is to do the willinen. of him that sent me." ch. v. 38. "Ye have not He was a person of most extraordinary parts, his word abiding in you. For whom he has sent, and wonderful abilities in all the arts of war ye believe not.' See also ver. 23. 24. 30. 34. 36. and civil government, and of equal diligence And x. 36. "Say ye of him, whom the Father and application in the use of them. He was has sauctified, and sent into the world, Thou beloved and revered by the people, honored and blasphemest,' because I said, I am the Son of adored by his friends, and esteemed and admirGod?" And in the history of the cure of the ed even by his enemies. But as his ambition, blind man, recorded in the ix. chapter of the which knew no bounds, prompted him to ensame Gospel, at ver. 7. "And said unto him: thal his country, and usurp an arbitrary power Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, which is by over those who were as free as himself, his life interpretation, Sent." Probably here is an al- was certainly a just forfeit. If the state had been lusion to our Lord's character, as the sent of deemed irretrivable, and a despotic governor a God. And there may be an intimation intend-necessary evil, Rome could not have had a bet-mounts up to the creation of the world, in ed, that he is the Shiloh, spoken of in Gen. xlix. ter than Cæsar." 10.

(To be continued.)

We have said something of a great man who lived, flourished, and died in our own times: we will now present an extract from a Volume before us, entitled a General History of the World, that our readers who are acquainted with the character of Napoleon may be able to compare

that of Julius Cæsar with his.

The transatlantic regions are better situated for making jokes at the world, and irony has found an asylum there, at least if one may judge from this "History of New-York."

We take it very kindly of the author that ha has immolated on the same altar, all the theorists who have built up the world in their own way, Herodotus and his patriarchal romancings, modern historians and their minutely prolix details, the Scotish pride of upstarts, who are absolutely determined to be the descendants of Theseus, of Hector, or of Melchisedec. Still, one would wish that a judicious dissertation on ancient civilizatioa should not lead the author to a satire of modern civilization, and that a man who bears the name of WASHINGTON, should not use his endeavors to enfeeble the esteem in which Europe holds the country of WASHINGTON and FRANKLIN.

This jesting book, in which the sarca m which, under the pretext of writing a history of a Dutch Colony, the author parodies not only CHARACTER OF LORD BYRON. the great vanities, but also, with scarcely any The personal character of Lord Byron was distinction, all human institutions, is a work remarkable for its independence. Circumstanc-more singular than philosophic. es combined to render him proud. Noble birth, wealth and elevated genius, a heart naturally intrepid and incapable of meanness, necessarily form a proud character, and when brought in contact with base and low-minded creatures, they add haughtiness to pride. We believe it is an oriental proverb, that "the arrow of contempt will pierce the shell of the tortoise""The assembly of the senate was at this time sluggishness, which neither ambition nor vanity held in a great hall which Pompey had built for can rouse to action, will he metamorphosed inthat purpose, and in which his statue stood. to activity, in revenge of scorn and disdain. Casal, as he was entering, met Spurina, and Nothing is more intolerant, nothing is more unsmiling told him, The ides of March were come. forgiving than the revenge of a selfish and conYes, replied the augur, but they are not past. temptible man against his superior who has As soon as he had taken his place, the conspira- dared to curl his lip at baseness and folly. That tors crowded round about him, under pretence this was one great cause of the personal malig- Lord Byron set a high value upon this work, of joining their prayers with those of Metellus nity which persecuted Lord Byron, there can on account of its animated satire upon the manCimber, in behalf of his brother, who had been be no doubt; and when to this is added the en-ners and absurdities of petty democracies, this banished. Cæsar rejected their petition; but vy of the mean, the vile, and the worthless, it is Cimber still pressed on him with great earnest-folly to hope that the character of even a saint ness, and laying hold of his robe with both could pass through their hands without abuse hands, pulled it off his shoulders. In that in- and aspersion.-Lord Byron was no saint-he stant, Casca, who stood behind him, drawing was a man compounded of good and evil, of nohis dagger, stabbed him in the neck; but the ble virtues, of generous passions, and undoubtweapon glancing, the wound was not mortal. edly of great faults. He made no pretensions Cæsar immediately seized Casca by the hand to that sublimated character “all passionless which held the dagger, crying out, "Vile trai-and pure,” all refined from the frailties of hu

kind of irony is agreeable to aristocratic tastes, of which his genius was never entirely divested. In this respect Mr. Irving is less excusable, and may be justly reproached with having too often directed his sarcasms against virtues, which, however simple, plain, and sometimes odd, are nevertheless, always worthy of respect, and which should never have been quizzed by an American pen. [This is correct ctiticism

MECHANICAL POWERS.

In all ages the blessing of Friendship has been duly appreciated: monarchs have been content to purchase it at a high rate, oftentimes at the hazard of their own safety and greatness, have frequently raised men of humble condition, to the rank of noblemen, that they might possess a friend and companion, with whom they could enjoy themselves in private.

and merited rebuke; the fine simplicity, hon-sition more than another, but will remain steady Few there are, I trust who would not avail orable firmness, and untiring industry of our in any in which it may be placed, if the centre themselves of friendship. There are some, I Dutch ancestors ought never to have been car- of gravity of the beam be immediately above the will admit, however, that eare not to enjoy its ticatured.]-Ibid. fulcrum it will turn by the smallest action, the pleasure; but this arises either from a love of lower end descending, and the upper part of solitude and a desire to sequester a man's self the beam, if at liberty to turn over, becoming from any intercourse with civilized society, or the lever-but if the centre of gravity of the from a natural secret hatred and aversion toIn the third order of levers the weight is at beam be immediately below the point of sus-wards his fellow beings, which savours someone end and the prop at the other end; the pension the beam will never rest unless perfect what of the "savage beast." power is applied between them. The bones of ly horizontal; and if put out of that position, a man's arm are referred to this sort of lever. and then left at liberty, the beam will vibrate When a man lifts a weight by the strength of his up and down, until it come at last to a level. arm, by taking hold of it with his hand, the Hence it follows that in a good balance the muscle that exerts the power is fixed to the bone, point of suspension, or support, should be placabout one tenth part of the distance of the hand ed a little above the centre of gravity of the below the elbow, which is the prop or centre of beam; its vibration, or balancings up and down motion-the muscles must then exert a power will be quicker, and tendency to a level position ten times as great as the weight to be raised by will be stronger; the lower the centre of gravithe hand. This, however, has no relation to ty, and the less the weight in point of support. lifting a weight from the ground, by the arm Care ought to be taken to lessen the friction stretched down perpendicularly by which a of the beam upon the axis, and the axis should much greater weight can be raised. This kind be formed with an edge like a knife, as much of lever being the least of all is very seldom us- as possible. The pivots which form an axis or ed; on some occasions, however, it is indispen-fulcrum should be in a straight line and at right sible, as in raising a long ladder up against a angles to the beam. The arms should be as wall when one end is kept fast on the ground, long as possible, relatively to their thickness, and the ladder is raised by manual strenth. and the purpose to which they are intended, as When we draw a nail out of a picce of wood by the longer they are, the more sensible is the balmeans of a clawed hammer it becomes a lever ance. They should be as stiff as possible, for of the first order. If the shaft of the hammer if the beam be too weak it will bend and become be 5 times as long as the iron claws which draw untrue. The rings on the pieces on which the the nail, the lower part of the head resting on axis bears, should be hard and well polished, the wood as a prop, then by pulling the end of parallel to each other, and of an oval form; that the shaft backwards, a man will draw a nail the axis may always keep its proper bearing, or with one fifth part of the force that would be remain always at its lowest point. requisite to draw it out with pincers.

The power is greater, or less, or equal, according as the resistance from the prop is greater or lass, or equal to that of the power. Hence in a lever of the first order the power may be greater, or less, or equal to the resistance: in a lever of the second order, the power is always less than the resistance; and we infer, that it must be greater in levers of the third order, so that this order of levers, so for from aiding the power, as to its absolute force, on the contrary must impede it; yet this is the lever which nature employs the most frequent in the human body.

a

The prop of a lever may be regarded as third power, which keeps in equilibrio the motive force and the resistance, or which concurs with the one to enable it to sustain the effort of the other.

In levers of the second and third orders the

how

MOLIERE'S GRAVE.

When Moliere the comic poet, died, the Archbishop of Paris would not let his body be buried in consecrated ground. The King, being informed of this, sent for the Archbishop, expostulated with him about it: but finding the prelate inflexibly obstinate, his Majesty asked, many feet deep the consecrated ground reached? This question coming by surprise, the Archbishop replied, about eight." Well," answered the King," I find there is no getting better of your scruples, therefore, let his grave be dug twelve feet deep, that's four below your consecrated ground, and let him be buried there."

The Romans were remarkable for their friendship. L. Sylly, when he commanded Rome, raised Pompey (after surnamed the Great,) to that height, that Pompey vaunted himself for Sylla's over match. So dear to Julius Cæsar was Decimus Brutus, that he sat him down in his testament for heir in remainder after his nephew. When Ambassadors, who came to the court of Augustus, desired to see his treasure, he showed them his friends, counting them the most valuable treasure in his possession.

In a friend a man possesses innumerable advantages. If he is unfortunate in business, if he has met with severe trials and afflictions, if unhappy in his family connections, or if, on the other hand, he has met with causes for joy, he flies to his friend. To him he imparts all his griefs, joys, fears, hopes, suspicions, and whatsoever lieth upon his heart. He is in fact a sort of confessioner. He condoles with, and comforts the afflicted in his sorrow, and participates with him in his joy.

Few men have a perfect knowledge of all their faults; and they frequently commit errors and inconsistencies without being aware of ic. However improper their conduct may be, a disinserested person will rarely venture to check or remonstrate with them, from a fear of giving offence.-But a friend can do it without which must inevitably follow if he persists in restraint. He points out the consequences them: and admonishes him in a gentle and conciliatory manner, to be on his guard in fu

ture.

It was a fine speech of the ancients, "that

favorite design; the bestowing of a child, the finishing of some important work or fulfilling some charitable purpose.

will be cared for after his decease; and that But if he has a friend, he feels assured they he will see that his intentions are put into excution. Thus in possessing a friend, he possesses two lives in his desires.

Under the head of Miscellaneous, in the Brit-a friend is another self;" for I hold that a friend prop supports only a part of the effort of the ish Colonist and St. Francis Gazette, of Thurs- and depart this life many times oppressed with is a kind of second self. Men have their time, two foress. In other words it acts in conjunc-day, Nov. 8th, 1827, we have the following cor-anxiety, from being unable to accomplish some tion with the power in levers of the second order, and in conjunction with the resistance in rect and forcible observations on Friendship, levers of the third order; as when two men taken from the New England Palladium. FRIENDSHIP. carry a burden with a staff upon their shoulders; these two men, one of whom may be re- Friendship is a tie essentially requisite for garded as the power, and the other the prop, the happiness of man, and ranks itself among only carry each a part of the burden, and he the first of social virtues. A true friend is an who is nearest the burden carries the greatest invaluable treasure, and whosoever possesses a share of it, and that in proportion to his near-real one is master of a prize of inestimable worth, which it should be his care to preserve Rev. MENZIES RAYNER, formerly Rector of The good qualities of a balance depend much" as the apple of his eye." upon the following circumstances.-The arms Without a friend man may be likened to a the Episcopal church in Hartford, Conn. has of the beam ought to be exactly equal, both as city in the midst of a great desert: he is a lone-accepted the call of the Universalist Society in to weight and length; the points from which ly being. Lord Bacon has justly remarked, that the scales hang should be in a right line passing" it is a mere solitude to want true friends, through the centre of gravity of the beam, or without which the world is but a wilderness," by this the weights will act directly against one and a little above in the same paragraph, that NEW SOCIETY.-A Society has recently been another, if the fulcrum or point of suspension" a crowd is not company, and faces are but a formed in the town of Stoddard, N. H. known of the beam be placed in the centre of gravity, gallery of pictures, and talk but a tinkling cym-by the name of the First Universalist Society the beam will have no tendency to take one po bal, where there is no love." in Stoddard.

ness to it.

that city. His talents and acquirements will do honor to the cause he has embraced.-Ch. Int.

found to slumber on his post, and to reject any | bers of the society; nor can we discover in it of the plans resorted to in the great system of the wand of the Magician, that whoever it sectarian ambition, how would he be question-touches, or is brought before it, whether sinner ed and what would be the language addressed or otherwise, is made holy. People of an ordito him on the occasion? His reason would not nary education in the United States have, genbe combatted; but they would assail his con-erally, a universal access to the bible; and it science through his pride and his fears. They is believed that every discreet man in the nawould tell him that his opposition arose possi-ion possesses one. We infer therefore that bly from the purest and best of motives; that this seeming anxiety to put a bible into every THE OLIVE BRANCH. if his misgivings resulted from conviction, they man's hand in the nation is but a pretence, that NEW-YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1827 could address him in no human language suffi- would in the end, if the project succeeded, to ciently strong to bring him back into a partí- the views of the clergy, put a bible out of every cipation of those sweet labors in which he had man's hand. History informs us that in every on former occasions, mingled; but they would country where the ecclesiastical power is coable length the subject mentioned, and embra-insinuate that he had imbibed some of the her- extensive with the civil, the consciences of the ced under the first head of propositions brought esies prevalent in the land, that in all probabili-people are left with the former; and exactly before the public in our 16th number. The ty he was a convert to the doctrine of universal in proportion as this is the case, the people are second proposition in the series reads thus, grace, and a believer in the fundamental prin- deprived of the opportunity of consulting the "To enlist as many of the lay community, both ciples which it inculcates; that like Universal- scriptures for themselves. male and female, in the general plan of secta-ists in general he looked upon the special prorian influence, as possible. This is to be achie-vidence of the Lord of the universe as not parved through the auxiliary and affiliated branch-tially directed; but in his eternal purposes es of the bible society." An attempt to bring proceeding from an unalterable and immutable about a union between church and state in this country, would be not less ridiculous than fala

SECTARIAN CORPORATIONS-NO. 18.
In our last number we discussed at consider-

cious without the co-operation of the lay-community; whereas we have shown they are so linked in the general plan as apparently to control the whole system; but actually have nothing to do with it. In this remarkable feature, this singular construction of the plan, consists the whole danger which may be apprehended to the community. From the combined efforts of the clergy, they look with a single eye to the ultimate object in which their hopes, their wishes, and their designs, all concentrate and meet; and it is by moulding to their views, gently, but artfully, the lay-laborers in the spacious field of distributing the scriptures throughout the land, that they rest their confidence in success, as long as they can impress upon the human heart an idea that this pious work of sending the gospel to the ends of the earth, is a passport to

tures.

In those countries

If

the philosophy of the bible propagated through any other channel than that of the orthodox clergy, would be considered heresy. Every man at his peril, must think as they think. love and protection for the works of his crea- the creeds laid down by their spiritual leaders, If the discovery were made that this are not conformed to, there is at once a severe was his case, (like preaching a soul out of pur-penalty on sentiment and opinion. The gatory,) he would be told that his poor soul was man who dares to lift up his voice and in danger of eternal woe and misery; that by to proclaim himself a disciple of an unerembracing the seductive and dangerous doc-ring God, a God of mercy, of charity, of love trine of Universalism, he had forfeited those of universal goodness, is denounced as a hereclaims to a heavenly mansion of bliss which tic; and his bane and antidote are placed bethe Father of mercies gave to him a hope to in-fore him, either to renounce his belief, or meet herit. He would meet the anathamas of the the tortures of the fiery faggot. What an awself-styled orthodox at every turn. Thus would ful reflection!-it is so! The history of the they compensate for the loss of an individual Church tells us it has been so from the first by endeavoring to heap odium on the motives dawn of Christianity, to the present time, and which actuated him, and eventually render him may it not be so to the end of time? It sureharmless by scandalising and vilifying his be-ly will be, so long as men are weak enough to lief. When religious sentiments and religious be caught in the toils of Ecclesiastical craft. opinions are entertained which are in opposi- We shall enlarge on this subjeet in our next. tion to the orthodox faith, it is not so easy for a man of liberal principles and views so to con

M.

the heavenly mansions of eternal bliss; and duct himself as to elude their vigilance. Peo-LETTER TO THE REVEREND HOSEA

that the laborer who makes the greatest sacri-ple therefore who engage in sectarian plans of
fices in the cause is the most likely to meet the any shape or nature should beware not to pledge
themselves to a particular course. They should
rich rewards of his merits in the unceasing examine well the ground on which they tread,
struggle of a painful anxiety and zeal to do
and satisfy their consciences, and their under-
God service; and that through their supplica-standings, that the work which interests their

BALLOU.
New-York, Nov. 30, 1827.
DEAR SIR AND BROTHER,

I have this moment laid down "A Series of Letters," addressed to you "by Charles Hudson," after a careful perusal and exations to the throne of mercy, and theirs alone, pious feelings is not tarnished by any possible mination of the same; being the first and This is the the precious boon is obtained. But so far deep game they are playing; and such is the imputation of hypocrisy or insidiousness of de- only copy which I have seen. sign. They should not forget that the God who from affording me any pleasure, they have peculiar constitution of our nature, the great danger is, that they may play but too successful- created the heathen is he who created us; that only filled me with surprise and regret. Surly. Whoever has observed the emotions of the we, in common with all animated nature, are prise, that your writings should have been so the children of his bounty, the heirs of his pro- misrepresented by one professing our general human heart, at certain times, unaided by the light of reason, have perceived there is in the vidence, and that his tender mercies are over sentiment, or else, what I can hardly conceive all his works. Reflecting on observations of possible, you hold to sentiments which I enthusiasm of bigotry and superstition, a moI never understood from you. Is it possimentum that is accelerated and strengthened by this sort, which, we are taught to believe, have have never seen in your writings, and which an exact but indescribable sympathy of feeling. an unerring existence in the arcana of nature, ble, that after being intimately acquainted If the reverend clergy have art enough to keep and are in strict accordance with the ettributes with you for more than four-and-twenty this sympathy alive and direct it to one great of that one invisible God, whom we worship years, after having read with care and attenearthly object, they will seldom be troubled and adore, we cannot perceive, under any as-tion, all your public writings, (except, perwith questions as to the propriety or impropri-pect of the subject whatever, all that purity of haps, some pieces in the Universalist Magmotive in such efforts to spread the bible, which azine,) and, after having heard you preach ety of the causes that operate upon it.

If the lay devotee should for a moment be is pretended by the ecclesiastical and lay-muem- so often, I have yet to learn what is emphat

ically called "your system," through the medium of another? So it would seem; or else, what is the source of my regret, you have been grossly misrepresented. And even had you not been misrepresented, I could not have been pleased at such a work; for notwithstanding it displays some ingenuity and talent, and contains some things worthy of serious consideration; yet its style and manner is quite exceptionable, and much of its treatment of your views very disingeWith such licence, there is scarcely the language of any man, not excepting much of the New Testament, but what might be made to appear perfectly contemptible. If such a production had come from an avowed enemy, it is what, perhaps, might have been expected; though I am laboring under a very great mistake, or else it would have been very ungenerous even in an enemy; but from a professed friend, such a work was not to have been looked

nous.

for.

have contradicted himself, appears to me ve- | be, and should be glad to find, that I am ry ungenerous.

5. If God shall "raise us up (and all men) by Christ," so that all will be presented together with him, why will not all be saved by Christ as much as any? And if all shall be taught of God," whom to know is eternal life," what is the reason that this knowledge will not be as valuable to those who never knew him before, as it will be, then, to those who have known, and of course enjoyed him (that is by faith) in this life?

6. If God "hath given unto us (and to all men) eternal life, and this life is in his son," what better thing has he to bestow on be

lievers ?

mistaken.

Yours in the bonds of the Gospel.
ABNER KNEELAND.

REV. HOSEA BALLOU.

For the Olive Branch.
NEW ORTHOGRAPHY.
MESSES. EDITORS,—

I have thought it strange that nothing more has been said either for or against Mr. Kneeland's proposed system of orthography. it, and every objection, which I have seen, I have seen some objections started against has been fully and, as it appears, satisfactorily answered. At least, those who have 7. For the sake of mathematical precis- brought them have been silenced, so as not ion and demonstration, suppose we repre- even to make any reply. I presume, howsent all that God can give in another world, ever, by nine-tenths of the community, who by the round number of 1000; the believ- have thought any thing on the subject, it is ers in future rewards calculate on 100 as a thought to be altogether impracticable, reward for his faith and obedience in this and therefore it is, as they think, no use to But perhaps I am heaping more censure life, in addition to all that he has enjoyed encourage it, and perhaps there is no occaon our author than he deserves; and as I here; and 900 as a free gift; the unbeliev-sion to oppose it. I have examined it, for presume others are in the same predica-er in this system, but believer in the prom-one, and I think it not only practicable, but ment with myself, and to ascertain whether ises of God, calculates on 1000 as a free the benefit which would result from its geneI am correct in this particular, I have taken gift, being perfectly satisfied with his pre-ral adoption would be incalculable. the liberty to address you through the me- sent rewards, which has the strongest mo- must be a work of time, yea of many years, to bring it into general use, even should that dium of the press, and wish you to answer tive to either gratitude or virtue ? ever be the case; and in what way could it me in the same way. 8. To him who believes firmly, that God be done better than by publishing some ve1. I have never understood you to teach in his goodness has made every creature, ry popular and interesting work, some work the doctrine, which, I am aware, is maintaiu- even here, as happy as he can possibly that would be generally read by young peoed by some, of immediate death and glory; make him, that is, consistently with the na-ple in particular, in this way ? It appears that is, that man is immediately happy after ture of things, and that he will act npon the death. To such an idea there are insuper-same principles hereafter, and to all eterniable objections in my own mind; neither am ty, what stronger motive can he possibly I able to reconcile it with the doctrine of the have for moral virtue? It is believed that resurrection as taught in the New Testa- it is morally impossible for God to make a sinner happy while he is a sinner.

ment.

2. I have ever understood you to teach that all the consequences of virtue, whether a

in mind or estate, might be reckoned as reward for virtue; and that all the consequences of sin, whether suffered in mind, body, or estate, might also be considered as a punishment for vice. Hence individual crimes, as well as national, may be attended with remote as well as immediate conse

quences.

But it

to me, however, that the system is still susceptible of further improvement; that is, many words might be still more abridged, and yet be equally intelligible. Words are mere signs of ideas, and letters are, or should be, signs of certain sounds; and the fewer the letters that will certainly and defi

nitely represent these sounds, the better. The improvement which I would suggest, would be to drop the unaccented e in all places where it is not absolutely necessary to make the syllable; and also the unaccented

u before r in the same situation. This would shorten the language very much, without altering the pronunciation in the least; and in a very short time it would be just as well understood.

Take the following paragraph for an example.

I propose these questions, which it is needless to multiply, principally to obtain your views on points in which I must have misunderstood you unless you have been misrepresented; and partly to convey my own ideas, in such a manner that they cannot be mistaken, that they may be corrected if wrong. A direct answer to each of these questions, therefore, is earnestly requested; 3. Although the apostle attributes all sin and it is believed that they would render to the "works of the flesh," yet I never any formal reply to the work which has ocsupposed that either he or you could be so casioned them unnecessary; but should absurd as to suppose that the flesh could sin, there be any so unfortunate as to think your abstractly, without the consent of the mind. writings and preaching fairly represented in "He was ev sienç er bútéfol. 4. Whatever you may have thought or these Letters, however much they might "Nélj is obtand bi dégrès." written in early life, on the natural immor- disapprove their style and manner, and Most pèpl sem to hink hat hêr tality of the soul, I do not suppose that you think that they were uncalled for, yet they now think that a man can either enjoy or certainly make you appear to a disadvan- Cildren hav but toénté-fòr létrs to suffer any thing, only through the medium tage. If our friend had simply published lern. Hérfor hoen há er présénof the organs of sense; and hence when his own views, as you have done, and labor- td wih fòrté-àt, o, sà ñá, mí čildren these organs are destroyed, whether by ed to prove them correct, with all the ar- kan névr lern him. But há do not death or otherwise, so as to be incapable of guments with which he is master, and let Kan névr lern him. But há do net sensation, they must be restored again be- the work have found its way before the pub-realís hat hêr ĉildren hav mòr han fore there can be any thing like happiness lic, and to have stood or fallen upon its own a husand difrnt kembénàñs ev létor misery. And to bring what a man writes ground, no one would have had reason to rs to lern, in ħie prêзnt sistm, ä èl at one period of life, with what he has writ- complain: but, as it is, notwithstanding all bi he dint ev mémuré onlé; méné, ten at a later period, when often, perhaps, his pretensions to friendship and fellowship,

he has changed his views in some respects, I greatly misjudge if it does not discover a ye, most ev hoic, er perfektlé erso as to make him appear inconsistent, or to want of both. But in this particular, I may bétraré; ä èl ħis, béfòr ħá xan rèd

PHILO.

From the Utica Universalist Magazine.

General Convention of the United States of
America.

It will be seen by the minutes of the proceed

wih propriété hoêras in his nù, wisher to mankind can object to any thing sistm, há hay onlé to lern forté-at which tends to facilitate the acquiring of useful knowledge. But the greatest difficulsimpl sins, ä he wrx is dun. Fèrty is to be met with at the very threshold; instanç; táx ħe létra-he ĉild net namely, the art of reading properly and flu-ings of the "General Convention of Unive:onlé has to lern he létr, so as to ently. Kèl it bí its nàm; but it must lern hat it has no les han fiv difrnt sunds. It must élso lern hat èc ev hès sunds is éftn représéntd bí úhr létrs; as ai, ay, ey, eigh, äc. for he frst sund, ä so for évre úhr; súmtìms bí wun létr, ä súmtìms bí mòr; ä ħat fès syndз er to bé nòn onlé bí ħie κembénàñ ev ĥe létrз; hiç is he kàs wih évré sund; hêris nòñig défénit, néħin cértin abut it. & yit his mòd must bé lernt. Hoí?

From the Universalist Magazine. FREEMEN, UNIVERSALISTS, ATTEND! From the Providence, R. I. papers of last that at the U. S. Circuit Court, held in that week, we received the surprising intelligence town, Judge Story of Salem, one of the presiding Judges, rejected a witnes on the groung of his being a Universalist and of his disbelieving future rewards and punishments. The (Providence) Christian Telescope gives the following statement concerning this rejected witness :

Béκès it is "He believes in the Scriptures as conhe kustum; ä ħat is he best restaining a revelation from God, and publicly acknowledges his faith in that book called hoić kan bé givn. Nu fie làbr to the Bible. We have from his own mouth, axoìr èl hisis béyéndèl péséblкen- the following statement of what transpired cépñ. Difékultés er to bé mt win in relation to him at court. At the instigaat évré step. & dod he kústum évrtion of an Attorney in the case, Judge Stobé làd asid, ħe wrld, wil bé aston-ry asked this witness-'Do you believe in a future state of rewards and punishments?' idt hat it wes évr félod so lèg. The witness replied-I am a Universalist, believe in the restoration of all things. Uuniversalist, you do not believe in future The Judge then remarked-if you are a punishment. The witness replied-I do not.' The Judge then said to the witnessYou are rejected."

In he abúv, he wrds nélj, létr, préséntd, ħm, préзnt, sistm, wrk, difrnt, représéntd, úhr, làbr, mt évré, évr, wrld, ä ħêr plùrals, er abrijd at lèst wun létr in èc wrd from Mr. Nelann's sistm, ä yit ħá er èl èkmalé défénit ä cértin.

I

The above eccount is, without doubt, entirely correct, and may be implicitly relied upon. Some other accounts have been published which appear to be imperfect, and to misrepresent the affair.

We are so unaccustomed to call on our readers to maintain their civil liberties; we have been so totally unaware that such a duty could ever, in this country, fall upon the conductors of a paper altogether religions; that we know not in what language to address the public. But, as faithful watchmen, we must raise our warning voice, and call on our brethren to awake from their dreams of security. You are about to be proscribed by your judges as unworthy of confidence, you are to be shut out from your courts of justice; the laws of the land which were intended for the equal good of all, are about to be wrested by remorseless bigotry, from the protection of your property and characters, and to be turned into an insult upon you. It certainly becomes you to be up and doing.

Thus it will be seen that most words ending in er, or our, ur, unaccented, the letter r, would answer for the syllable, as it could not be pronounced otherwise than ur; hence neighbor would be only nabr, with the proper accented a. Also in all monosyllables, with three letters, with the unaccented e, the e might be dropt, as it is necessarily understood in pronouncing either the first o last letter for instance; te-en, that is in, necessarily spells ten; better than te-e-en, which spells teen, if you give the e the sound of its name. In this way a great many words might be properly written with two consonants only; such as men, den, pen, bet, debt, let, &c. Take only the first and last letter in these words, without the vowel, and it will spell the words just as well, and better too, and might, in a very short time, be just as well understood. This would make our language in some respects like the Hebrew, which has no short vowels: Last spring the orthodox Professor Stubut when it is read without points, a short art, from Andover, called on the Governvowel is understood between every conso- ment of this state to exclude you from all nant wherever it is necessary to the pronun-offices, from the privilege of an oath in our ciation. These are thoughts which have courts of justice; and now the Unitarian struck my mind on this subject, and if you Judge Story puts the recommendation of think them worthy a place in the Olive the professor into execution; at least so far Branch, they are at your service. No wellas it lies in his power. These are move ments which must not be suffered to pass by without notice.

Difret, different,] t is true, might be pronounced ei(ber diffunt, or diffrent; but neither of these, is a word in the language; hence is left the true word-different.

salists of the New Engladd states and others," which were published in a former number of this paper, that this body proposes taking the above name, and that measures are adopted, and progressing, that will render it properly mends the formation of state Conventions, to and really such; and that this body recombe composed of Delegates from the respective associations of each state in the union, where such associations do or may exist. This plan we think to be a very excellent one, from which

we believe much good will result to our cause in general. For the general convention has bitherto been in reality, nothing but an association, the name only excepted, organized and conducted in all respects as an association; and if it possessed any advantages before, in promoting the good of our Zion, it will in future possess not only those advantages, but many more.

1. It will extend the bond of union much farther than otherwise it could be extended, and

by a stronger, more consistent and undivided of fellowship, who are far separated from each chain; and unite brethren together in the bonds other by distance of location.

2. It will facilitate the means of information among our brethren, which is truly a desideratum, by enabling them to hear from all parts of the United States at one and the same time, and obtain information uoncerning the state and prospects of our cause in every region.

3. It will be a concentration of the wisdom and influence of the whole body of Universalists in the United States, inasmuch as all the associated bodies of the order will meet by delgation in this one body. And if the wisdom and influence of any one of these associated bodies be necessary and salutary, that of all united is more necessary, and will be more salutary, if the body be properly organized and well regulated.

These are some of the advantages to be derived from the plan proposed, and therefore we rejoice that it is likely to be carried into effect. There is however one trait in the plan reported by the committee on that subject, which we hope will not be retained in the report of the committee, in whose hands the subject is now left for a more full and detailed plan. We allude to that clause in the report which requires all the delegates to the state convention to be ministers, which clause we hope will be expunged from the plan. For although we have the fulest confidence in the abilities and integrity of our ministering brethren, yet we see no reason why an intelligent and worthy layman f an association shall see fit to appoint him ought not to be entitled to the privilege of go