nitre, with somewhat more than half its weight of oil of vitriol; or by mixing one part of oil of vitriol with nine parts pure fpirit of nitre. ACID, NITROUS, and CHEMISTRY, INDEX. AQUAGE, or a water course. AQUAGIUM,

See

AQUA JULIA. See AQUEDUCTS, § 4. AQUALICULUS, in anatomy, a name given by fome to the region of the body, wherein the trunk terminates, and the thighs commence, and in which alfo the privities are placed. It is the fame with what others call pubes, others the hypogafrium, famen, imus venter, &c. See ANATOMY, 265-323.

(1.) * AQUA MARINA, of the Italian lapidaries, is of a fea or bluish green. This ftone feems to me to be the beryllus of Pliny. Woodward.

(2.) AQUA MAKINA, the name by which the lapidaries call the beryl: See BERYL.

AQUA MARTIA. See AQUEDUCTS, § 4. AQUAMBOE, one of the greatest kingdoms on the coaft of Guinea in Africa, ftretching 20 miles in breadth, and ten times that space in length from E. to W. According to Bofman, the coaft is divided into a great number of petty royal ties, but all of them fubject to the king of Aquamboe, who indifcriminately ufes an unlimited authority over them and the meaneft of his fubjects. His defpotifm gave rife to a proverbial faying, that, "there are only two ranks of men at Aquamboe; the royal family, and flaves." The natives of this country are haughty, turbulent, and warlike; and their power is formidable to all the neighbouring nations. They grievously infeft fuch nations as are tributaries to the king of Aquamboe, entering their territories by troops, and carrying off from the inhabitants whatever they think proper; nor do they ever meet with any oppofition from the inhabitants, as they are fenfible the king would not fail to refent this as an indignity offered to him.

AQUA MERCURIALIS, a preparation of aqua regia, and fublimate of mercury, with a little mercury, placed in a fand heat, till the folution of the mercury be made. It is a mark of perfection of the aqua mercurialis, if it turn a piece of copper caft into it, of a filver colour. It is by this water that the alchemifts pretend, all metalline bodies may be reduced to their first matter, or

mercury.

AQUA MIRABILIS. [Latin.] The wonderful water, is prepared of cloves, galangals, cubebs, mace, cardomums, nutmegs, ginger, and spirit of wine, digefted twenty-four hours, then distilled, AQUA NAPHE, is a name given to the diftilled water of orange flowers. AQUANEGRA, orĮ A small town in Italy, in AQUA-NIGRA, the Mantuanefe, feated on the Chiefe, a little above its junction with the Oglio, 22 miles W. of Mantua. Lon. 30. 5. E. Lat. 45. 7. N.

}

AQUA OMNIUM FLORUM, in pharmacy, fignifies the diftilled water of cows-dung, when they are at grafs. Some alfo call cows urine by this name; and, in English, all-flower-water! AQUAPOISE, [from aqua and poids, Fr. weight, an inftrument for examining the weight of liquors.

AQUA PUGILUM. See AQUA CHRYSULCA. (1.) * AQUA REGIA, or AQUA REGALIS. [Lat.] An acid water, fo called because it diffolves gold, the king of metals. Its eflential ingredient, is common fea falt, the only falt which will operate on gold. It is prepared by mixing common fea falt, or fal ammoniac, or the fpirit of them, with fpirit of nitre, or common aqua fortis. Chambers.-He adds to his complex idea of gold, that of fixedness or folubility in aqua regia. Locke,

(2.) AQUA REGIA is compofed of nitrous and marine acid, in different proportions according to the purpofe for which it is intended. When made with fal ammoniac, the common proportion is one part of this falt or four parts of nitrous acid; but to diffolve platina, equal parts are requifite. A purer aqua regia may be made by fimply mixing the two acids. Aqua regia likewife diffolves all other metals, except filver. The gold diffolved in aqua regia is, in fact, diffolved in the dephlogifticated marine acid only, which, being deprived of its phlogifton by the nitrous acid, recovers it, from the gold, and thus renders gold foluble; for metals are not foluble in acids until they lose a part of their phlogifton. See CHEMISTRY, INDEX. AQUARIA. See AQUATTA.

AQUARIANS, 1. Chriftians in the primitive church who confecrated water in the eucharift inftead of wine. This they did under pretence of abftinence, or, because they thought it univerfally unlawful to eat flesh or drink wine. Epiphanius calls them Encratites, from their abstinence; St Auftin, Aquarians, from their use of water; and Theodoret, who says they fprang from Tatian, Hydroporoflata, because they offered water instead of wine. 2. There was another fort of Aquarians, who did not reject the ufe of wine as unlawful; for they adminiftered the eucharist in wine at evening fervice: but, in their morning assemblies, they ufed water, for fear the smell of wine should difcover them to the heathens.

AQUARIUS, the WATER-CARRIER, in aftronomy, the 11th fign in the zodiac, reckoning from Aries; from which alfo the 11th part of ecliptic takes its name.-The fun moves through Aquarius in the month of January; it is marked thus, ~~ by aftronomers. The poets feign, that Aquarius was Ganymede, whom Jupiter ravifhed under the shape of an eagle, and carried away into heayen, to ferve as a cup bearer in the room of Hebe and Vulcan; whence the name.-Others hold, that the fign was thus called, becaufe, when it appears in the horizon, the weather ufually proves rainy. The ftars in this conftellation, in Ptolemy's catalogue, are 45; in Tycho's 41; in Hevelius's 47; in Flamstead's 1c8.

AQUARTIA, in botany, a genus of the tetan dria monogynia clafs. The calyx is campanulated; the corolla is rotated, with linear divifions; and the berry is four-feeded. There is but one fpecies; viz.

AQUARTIA ACULEATA, a native of America. AQUA SECUNDA, aqua fortis much diluted with pure water. It is employed in feveral arts, to clean the furface of metals and certain ftones, and for various other purposes.

AQUA SICCA PHILOSOPHORUM, a cant term, invented by fome alchemifts for the flowers of zinc,

zine, called by feveral other as unmeaning names, by thefe writers; as fericum, philofophic cotton, and tale. A preparation of tlfefe flowers, by means of vinegar, has also been called oil of talc, and many great properties afcribed to it; but it is truly no other than the oil of the grape, from which the vinegar was made, and has no title to any thing that has been faid of it.

AQUA SULPHURATA, Tulphur water, a new name for what was originally called gas fulphuris by Van Helmont. See GAS.

AQUA TETRACHYMAGOGON, water purging the four humours of the body! Bailey.

AQUATIA, in writers of the middle age, a right of fishing three days in the year. In ancient deeds we find divers grants of this privilege of aquatia, AQUATURA, OF AQUARIA. In fome writings aquas tia alfo fignified a fee, or fervice, paid for the pri. vilege of fishing.

AQUATIC, or See next article.
AQUATICAL, Š

* AQUATICK. adj. [aquaticus, Lat. from aqua, water.] 1. That which inhabits the water.Brutes may be confidered as either aerial, terrestrial, aquatick, or amphibious. Aquatick are thofe whole conftant abode is upon the water. Locke. 2. Applied to plants, that which grows in the water.-Flags, and fuch like aquaticks, are best deftroyed by draining. Mortimer's Husbandry. AQUATICUM, in writers of the middle age, a thing diluted with water.

AQUATILE. adj. [aquatilis, Lat.] That which inhabits water.-We behold many millions of the aquatile or water frog in ditches and standing plashes. Brown's Vulgar Errours.

hot as to give pain upon being touched with the back of the hand; and the powder which adhered to the greafe will now be fixed to the plate. The plate being then fuffered to cool, take turpentine varnish mixed with ivory black; and with a hair pencil dipt in it, cover all the lights or places where there is no work or fhade. A border of bees wax is now to be raifed round the plate; and having diluted a quantity of aquafortis to a proper weaknefs with water, pour it on, and let it stand 5 minutes for the firft or lighteft fhade; after which, pour it off; and having washed the plate with water, fet it edgewife to dry. Then with varnish ftop out all the light fhades, pour on the aquafortis for the fecond tint, and let it stand 5 minutes more; proceeding in the fame manner for every tiut till you produce the darkest shades. If a bold open ground is wanted in any part, this requires an after operation. The ground muft be laid as in the other cafe, by fifting on the powder; only this powder must be much coarfer, and the plate more heated, that the particles of the pow der may fpread, and form fmall circles: good clean rofin will do by itfelf. In etching land. fcapes, the fky and diftant objects are alío per formed by a fecond operation, and the powder is fifted upon the plate with a finer fieve. If the trees or any part of the fore ground require to be finished higher, the plate must be entirely clean d from greafe with bread, and a ground lid in the common way of etching; when the plate may be finished as highly and neatly as poffible with the needle or point, by flippling with dots, and biting in thofe parts, or by a roiling wheel, which is more expeditious. If different colours are to be expreffed in aquatinta, there will be required fo many different plates, each having only that part etched upon it which is defigned to be charged with its proper colour. It may happen, in parti cular fubjects, that fome of the colours are fo diftant from each other, as to allow the printer room to rub them in without blending; in which caft, two or three different colours may be printed from the fame plate at once. Where different plates are neceffary, a feparate one, having a pa in each corner, must be provided as a fole or bot tom to the aquatinta plates; and thefe again mutt be exactly fitted, having each a small hole in the corners for pathing over the pins of the fole: the faid pins ferving the double purpose of retaining the plates fucceffively in their due pofition, and of directing the printer in placing the paper exa ly on each plate fo as not to fhift; by which means each tint or colour will be exactly reced on its proper place. This is the method practifed in France. A landfcape or any fimilar fube may be printed off at once in its different propr colours, by laying thefe upon the plate. In t cafe, the colours must be pretty thick in ther confiftence; and the plate must be carefully wipe in the ufual way after laying on each tint, as wel as receive a general wipe when charged with the tints. The art of engraving in aquatints i kept a fecret by thofe artifts who practife it. I order to fucceed in it, great care and judgmen are requifite; and much depends upon a catam nicety of management, which is only attainable by practice.

AQUATILES DII, in the mythology, aquatic gods; fuch as Neptune, Amphitrite, the Tritons, Naiads, &c.

AQUATINTA, a method of etching on cop per, by which a foft and beautiful effect is produced, refembling a fine drawing in water co. lours or Indian ink: one of the many valuable improvements which were made in the fine arts, towards the end of the 18th century.-Previous to the operation upon the plate, the following powder must be prepared. Take equal parts of aiphaltum and fine transparent rolin, and powder them feparately in a mortar. Sift through a muf lin fieve, upon a sheet of paper a thin ftratum of the afphaltum, above which lift a fimilar layer of the rofin, and upon this another layer of the afphaltum, continuing thefe alternate layers till both of the powders are exhausted. Then pafs the mixture both together through the fame fieve fo as to mix them fufficiently for ufe. Some, inftead of the above mixture, ufe powdered gum fanda rach only. A copper plate being polifhed in the ufual way, lay the etching ground upon it, and etch the outlines of the defign in the manner directed under the article ETCHING. Then foften the ground with greafe, and wipe it off with a rag, leaving as much greafe upon the plate as juft to dim the copper Next fift the powder upon the furface of the plate; after which, ftrike the other fide of it pretty fmartly against the edge of a table to difcharge it of the loofe powder. Then hold the back of the plate with a hand-vice over a chaffing-dith of burning charcoal, till it become fo

AQUA

AQUATUM, in physical writers, a medicine diluted with water.

AQUATUM OVORUM is used by fome naturalifts, for what is otherwife called GRANDO, but more ufually CHALAZA.

AQUATURA. See AQUATIA.

AQUA-VITÆ. Latin.] It is commonly underflood of what is otherwife called brandy, or tpirit of wine, either fimple or prepared with aromaticks. But fome appropriate the term brandy to what is procured from wine, or the grape; aquavite, to that drawn after the fame manner from malt. Chambers.-I will rather truft a Fleming with my butter, an Irifhman with my aquavite bottle, or a thief to walk with my ambling gelding, than my wife with herfeif. Shakespeare. AQUA VITRIOLICA CERULEA, a form of medicine in the London Pharmacopoeia, made in the following manner: take blue vitriol, 3 oz. alum and trong spirit of oil of vitriol, of each 3 oz. water, a pint and a half, boil the falts in water till they are diffolved, and then add the oil of vitriol, and finally ftrain the whole through paper., (1.) AQUAVIVA, Octavio, cardinal and archbshop of Naples; was defcended of an illuftrious family of that kingdom, and diftinguithed himfelf by his love of letters and learned men. He enter tained feveral of them in his fervice, and had a particular friendship for the learned Peiresc Pope Clement VIII. gave him the legation of Avignon, where he governed with great moderation and wifdom.

(2.) AQUAVIVA, Claude, the fon of the duke of Atri, was born in 1542. He entered into the fociety of the Jefuits, of which he became general in 1581. He was the author of fome pieces relating to his order and religion, the beft of which is one on the cure of mental diseases. He died about 1607.

(3.) AQUAVIVA, a town of the kingdom of Naples, and province of Bari.

AQUE. See Acos, N° 2. and AQUENSIS, N° 1, (1.) AQUEDUCT, in anatomy, a bony kind of canal, or paffage, in the os petrofum, fuppofed to contribute to the purposes of hearing. It is called aqueduct not only on account of its form, but, as fome alfo imagine, from its ferving to difcharge any foreign matters collected in the inner cavities of the ear. It is fometimes alfo called aqueductus Fallopii, from Fallopius, its firft difcoverer.-Seteral authors confound it with the tuba Erflachiana. This aqueduct is fometimes alfo called meatus ccs; by others meatus cochlearis, meatus capreolaris; meatus auditoris internus, foramen auditorium internum, and hydroparaflates. See ANATOMY, 4 551-556.

(II. 1.) * AQUEDUCT. n. f. [aquedu&us, Lat.] A conveyance made for carrying water from one place to another; made on uneven ground, to preferve the level of the water, and convey it by a canal. Some aqueducts are under ground, and others above it, fupported by arches.-Among the remains of old Rome, the grandeur of the commonwealth fhews itself chiefly in temples, highways, aqueducts, walls, and bridges of the city. Audifon.

(2) AQUEDUCTS, DIFFERENT KINDS OF. Architects diftinguifh two kinds of aqueducts; the

vifille, and the fubterraneous.-The vifible are con ftructed in valleys or maribes, and protracted in longitude or latitude as the fituation requires. They are compofed of adminicula for fupporting the arches and confining the fream, and of arcades. The fubterraneous are formed, by piercing the mountains, and conducting them below the furface of the earth They are built of stone, hewn, or rough; and covered above with vaults, or with flat ftones, which may be termed flags; thefe flags felter the water from the heat of the fun. They divide themselves into double and triple aqueducts; that is to fay, fuch as are fupported either by two or by three ranges of arcades. Such was the aqueduct which Procopius records to have been built by Cofroës king of the Perfians, for the city of Petra in Mingrelia: it had three conduits upon the fame line, each elevated above the other. Frequently aqueducts are paved. Sometimes the waters flow through a natural channel of clay. Frequently they are conveyed by pipes of lead into refervoirs of the fame metal, or into troughs of hewn ftones. The channels are cut with an imperceptible defcent, that the current may be accelerated by its own weight Parallel to its courfe, on each fide, is cut a narrow foot path, where people may walk when neceffary. By conduits, or grooves, the waters are conveyed into large cifterns, but not forced above their original level. To make them rife and iffue from their apertures with force, they must be confined in tubes of a fmall diameter, and abruptly fall from a confiderable declivity.

(3.) AQUEDUCTS, IMMENSE EXTENT OF THE ANCIENT. Aqueducts of every kind were long ago the wonders of Rome; the vast quantity of them which they had; the prodigious expence employed in conducting waters over arcades from one place to another, at the diftance of 30, 40, 60, and even 100 miles, which were either continued or fupplied by other labours, as by cutting mountains and piercing rocks; all this may well furprise us; nothing like it is undertaken in our times: we dare not purchase conveniency at fo dear a rate. Appius Claudius the cenfor advised and conftructed the firft aqueduct. His example gave the public luxury a hint to cultivate these objects; and the force of prodigious and indefatigable labour diverted the course of rivers and floods to Rome. Agrippa, in that year when he was ædile, put the laft hand to the magnificence of thefe works. It is chiefly in this refpect that the modern fo much resembles the ancient city of Rome. For this advantage the is peculiarly indebted to Sextus V. and to Paul V. who for grandeur and magnificence emulated the mafters of the univerfe. There are fill to be feen, in ditferent places contiguous to Rome, ftriking remains of these aqueducts; arches continued through a long space, over which were extended the canals which carried the water to the city. The arches are fometimes low, fometimes raised to a vast height, to humour the tumidities or depreffions of the ground. There are fome which have two arcades, one constructed above the other; and this precaution was obferved, left the height of a fingle arcade, if extended as far as the fituation requir ed, might render the ftructure lefs firm and per

manentą

with three canals; the higheft fupplied by the AQUA JULIA, that in the middle from Tepula, and the lowest from the aqua Martia. The arch of the aqueduct of the aqua Claudia is of hewn ftone, very beautiful; that of the aqueduct of the aqua Neronia is of bricks: they are each of them 72 Roman feet in height. The canal of the aque duct, which was called AQUA APPIA, deferves to be mentioned for a fingularity which is obfer. ved in it; for it is not, like the others, plain, nor gradual in its defcent; but much narrower at the lower than the higher end. The conful Fron tinus, who fuperintended the aqueducts under the emperor Nerva, mentions nine of them which had each 13,594 pipes of an inch in diameter. Vigerus obferves, that, in the space of 24 hours, Rome received 500,000 hogfheads of water. Not to mention the aqueducts of Drufus, and Rhiminius, that which gives the most striking idea of Roman magnificence, is the aqueduct of Metz, of which a great number of arcades ftill remain. Thefe arcades croffed the Mofelle, a river which is broad and vaft at that place. The copious fources of Gorze furnished water for the prefen tation of a sea fight. This water was collected in a refervoir: from whence it was conducted by fubterraneous canals formed of hewn stone, and so spacious that a man could walk erect in them: it traverfed the Mofelle upon its fuperb and lofty arcades, which may ftill be seen at the distance of two leagues from Metz; fo nicely wrought and fo finely cemented, that except thofe parts in the middle which have been carried away by the ice, they have refifted, and will still refift, the levereft fhocks of the moft violent feafons. From thefe arcades, other aqueducts conveyed the wa ters to the baths, and to the place where the naval engagement was mimicked.

manent. They are commonly of bricks; which by their cement cohere fo ftrongly, that the parts are not separated without the ut noft difficulty.When the elevations of the ground were enormous, it became neceffary to form fubterraneous aqueducts. These carried the waters to fuch aqueducts as were raifed above ground in the declivity or at the foot of mountains. If the artificial channel of the water was not fufceptible of a downward bias but by paffing through a rocks a paffage was cut through this, at the fame height with the fuperior aqueduct : fuch an one may be feen above the city of Tivoli, and at the place called Vicavaro. The canal which formed the courfe of the aqueduct is hewn out of the rock to the extent of more than a mile, about 5 feet in height and 4 in breadth. One fingularity deferves peculiar notice. Thefe aqueducts, which might have been directed in a straight line to the city, did not arrive at it but by frequent and winding mazes. Some have faid that this oblique tract was pursued to avoid the expence which must attend the building of arcades to an extraordinary height: others, that it was their intention to dininifh the impetuofity of the current; which, rolling in a straight line through an immenfe space, must always have increased its velocity, must have worn the canals by perpetual and forcible attrition, and of confequence, afforded an impure and unwholefome draught to the inhabitants. But fince there was fo great a defcent between the cascade of Tivoli and Rome, it is demanded why they fhould go to draw water from the fame river at the distance of more than 20 miles higher; nay, of more than 30 miles, if we reckon the curvatures of its direction through that mountainous country? It is replied, the motive of obtaining the water more falubrious, and more limpid, was fufficient to make the Romans think their labour neceffary, and their expence properly beftowed, and to those who reflect that the waters of this river were impregnated with mineral particles, and by no means wholefome, the anfwer will appear fatisfactory. In the 4th volume of the Antiquities of Father Montfaucon, plate 128 fhows, with how much care thefe immenfe works were conftructed. From diftance to diftance fpiramenta were left, that, if the water fhould happen to be ftopped by any accident, it might gradually difembogue, till they could clear its ordinary paffage. There were likewife, even in the very canals which conveyed the water, cavities confiderably deeper than its internal surface, into which the stream was precipitated, and where it remain ed ftagnant till it was refined from mud and fecu. lence; and ponds, where it might expand itself till it was purified.

THE

(4.) AQUEDUCTS, MAGNIFICENCE OF ANCIENT. The aqueduct of the AQUA MARTIA had an arch of 16 feet in diameter. The whole was compofed of three different kinds of ftone; one of them reddish, another brown, and a third of an earth colour. Above, there appeared two canals; of which the higheft was fed by the new waters of the Tiverone, and the lower by what they called the Claudian river. The entire edifice is 70 Roman feet high. Near this aqueduct, we have in Father Montfaucon the plan of another

.

(5.) AQUEDUCTS, MODERN. If we may truft Colmenarus, the aqueduct of Segovia may be compared with the most admired labours of antiquity. There ftill remain 159 arcades, wholly confifting of itones enormously large, and joined without morter. Thefe arcades, with what remains of the edifice, are 102 feet high; there are two ranges of arcades, one above another. The aqueduct flows through the city, and runs beneath the greatest number of houfes which are at the lower end. After thefe enormous structures, we may be believed when we speak of the aqueduct which Lewis XIV. caufed to be built near Maintenoni, for carrying water from the river Bucq to Ver failles: it is perhaps the greatest aqueduct now in the world; being 7000 fathoms in length, above 2560 in height, and containing no fewer than 143 arcades.

AQUEINTABLE. adj. easy to be acquainted with. Chauc.

AQUELEIA. See AQUILEIA.

(1.) AQUENSIS CIVITAS, AQUÆ AUGUSTA, or AQUÆ TARBELLICA, a town of ancient Gau, fa sus for its baths. It was fituated on the Adour, in the ci-devant province of Gafcony, which now forms a part of the department of Gers. It is now called Acgs, Aqué, or D'ax, See Acqs, N° 2.

(2.) AQUENSIS CIVITAS, the ancient name of Aix. See Aix, N° 1. and AQUA SEXTIE.

AQUE

* AQUEOUS. adj. from aqua, water, Lat.] Watery.-The vehement fire requifite to its fufion, forced away all the aqueous and fugitive moisture. Ray on the Creation.

AQUEOUS HUMOUR. See ANATOMY, § 573. AQUEOUSNESS. n. f. Laquofitar, Lat. Wa

terishness.

AQUETTA, a kind of poifon made much use of by the Roman women, under the pontificate of Alexander VIII.

AQUICALDENSIS, or AQUA CALIDE, the ancient name of several places: such as, 1. a town of Gallicia; formerly in great repute for its public baths. Its ruins still retain marks of its an cient Roman grandeur. It is now called ORENSF, and lies on the Minho, 54 miles SE. of Compoftella. Lon. 8. 30. W. Lat. 42. 30. N. 2. A place in the bay of Carthage: and, 3 & 4. two towns N. of Gerunda in Catalonia, mentioned by Ptolemy. AQIUFLAVIENSES, the inhabitants of Aquæ

Flavia.

AQUIFOLIUM, in botany, holly, or bird lime, See ILEX.

(I.) AQUILA, a Jew, born in Pontus. He, with his wife, PRISCA, or PRISCILLA, had, for their business, to make leathern tents for the Roman troops. They were early converted to the Chriftian faith; perhaps by Peter's pentecoftal fermon. After they had relided fome time at Rome, the edict of Claudius, banifhing all Jews from that city, obliged them to leave it, and return to Corinth: where Paul lodged with them, and wrought at their bufinefs, ill probably to please the Gentiles, he went and lodged with Juftus. They attended Paul to Ephefus, where they expofed their lives to protect him; and in ftructed Apollos in the way of the Lord more perfectly. They returned back to Rome; where a meeting of the Christians was held in their house and where they were faluted by Paul, in his epif tle to that church. They returned to Alia, and dwelt in or near Ephetus; and were there when Paul wrote his ad epiftle to Timothy. Acts xviii. Rom. xvi. 4, 5. 2 Tim. iv. 19. ~

(II.) AQUILA, in aftronomy, the EAGLE, a constellation of the northern hemisphere; ufually joined with Antinnus. The ftars in the conftella tion Aquilla and Antinous, in Ptolemy's catalogue, are 15; in Tycho's 19; in Hevelius's, 42; in the Britannic catalogue, 71.

(III.) AQUILA, in chemistry, has feveral fignifications according to the epithets joined with it:

fuch as, 1. AQUILA ALBA, a combination of corrofive fublimate, with freth mercury, called mercurius aulcis:

2. AQUILA PHILOSOPHORUM, a term ufed by alchemists, to fignify the reducing of metals to their primitive matter, &c.

(IV.) AQUILA, in geography, a fine large city of Italy, anciently called Avia, and AVELLA, and the capital of Abruzzo, feated on a hill, on the banks of the river Alterno, or Pefcara, near its fource. It has an ancient caftle, and is a bishop's fee immediately under the pope. The land adjaCent produces plenty of faffron. It was almoft totally destroyed by an earthquake, in February 1791. The firft fhock was fo terrible that the VOL. II. PART L

inhabitants abandoned the city; but returning to vefpers, it being Candlemas day, the fhocks followed one another with fuch violence, that 24,000 people perished, and great numbers were wounded; 800 were killed in one fingle church: many other churches, monafteries, noble by dings, and the town noufe, were either fwallowed up or overturned, together with the greater part of the city and its walls. It is ûtuated 35 miles W. from the Adriatic 92 E. of Rome, and about 15 from the confines of the Pope's dominions. Lon. 14. 20. E. Lat. 42. 40. N.

(V.) AQUILA, in ornithology, a fynonime of eagle. See FALCO.

AQUILA-DEL-CAMPO, a small town of Spain, in Old Caftile.

AQUILE ARBOR, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the tree, whofe wood is the AGALLOCHUM, or lignum aloes of the flops.

AQUILANUS, Sebaftianus, an Italian physician, was born at Aquila, in the kingdom of Naples. He practifed with confiderable reputation at Padua, and died there in 1543. He wrote fome pieces on physical subjects, and was a zealous defender of Calen.

AQUILAR DEL CAMPO. See AQUILA-DEL

CAMPO.

(1.) AQUILEGIA, COLUMBINE: A genus of the pentagynia order, belonging to the polyandria ciafs of plants; and in the natural method, ranking under the 16th order, Multifilique. It has no calyx: the petals are five, with a horn-like nectarium inferted between each; and there are five feparate capfules. There are fpecies: viz.

1. AQUILEGIA ALPINA, with long oval flow. ers grows naturally near Ingleborough hill in Yorkshire. The lovers are much larger than thofe of the garden columbine.

2. AQUILEGIA CANADENSIS, or Cinada columbine, flowers almost a month before the other forts, and therefore is preferved in the gardens of the curious, though not at all remarkable for its beauty. There is a variety of this with taller.

flower stems.