ARCA, in zoology, a genus of the teftacea worms in the Linnæan fyftem; comprehending 17 fpecies. The animal is a tethys: the fheil bivalve and equivalve: and the teeth of the hinge numerous, inferted between each other. ARCA CORDIS is ufed by fome anatomifts, to denote the pericardium. (1.) * ARCADE. n. f. [French.] A continued arch; a walk arched over. Or call the winds through long arcades to roar, Proud to catch hold at a Venetian door. Pope. (2.) ARCADE, in architecture, is also used to denote any opening in the wall of a building formed by an arch. ARCADES, or ARCADIANS, the inhabitants of ancient ARCADIA. (See N° 1.) Virgil greatly com mended them for their love of, and skill in, mufic. To imitate the Arcadians, is to labour and toil for the benefit of others, never conquering their own, but the enemies of others. This probably took its rife from the ancient Arcadians being accustomed to hire themselves out as mercenaries to foreign nations. Homer commends their martial prowefs, their paftures, their fheep, and their well watered country. They boafted of their great antiquity, and that they were older than the fun and moon! They were the firft who had a year of three months, and were therefore called Proceleni, becaufe their year was prior to that adjusted in Greece to the courfe of the moon. fort. The feeds, which will be ripe fome time in November or the beginning of December, (for they will not be ripe at the fame time in all places,) must be then gathered; and as they fhould not be fowed until the fpring, it will be proper to put them into a pot or jar, mixing with them a quantity of drift fand; and this will preferve them found and good. The beginning of March is the best time for fowing the feeds; and the beft foil for them is maiden earth, taken from a rich pasture at least a year before, with the sward; and this, by conftant turning, being well rotted and mixed, will be ready to receive them. Having filled a fufficient number of pots with this fine mould, let the feeds be fown, and but juft covered, fcarcely a quarter of an inch deep. A dry day thould be chofen for the bufinefs; and no watering by the hand fhould be given them, as it will endanger the fetting the mould hard in the pots. Leave them abroad until fome rain falls, which at that time may be hourly expected; and after that, having an hot-bed ready, plunge the pots therein. In lefs than fix weeks the plants may be expected to appear; when much air should be afforded them, and frequent waterings, in fmall quantities, gently sprinkled over them. After this, they may be hardened to the air by degrees, and the pots fet up to the rims in the natural mould, in a fhady place. In October they fhould be removed into the greenhoufe, or fome fhelter, in frofty weather; though they should always be fet abroad in mild open weather. In the fpring they may be fhook out, and planted in feparate pots; and they should have the advantage alfo of a hotbed to fet them a growing: their future management may be the fame as was directed for the layers. When thefe trees are to be planted out, very little regard need be paid to the foil or fituation; for they will grow almost any where, and refift our severest northern blasts. One thing, however, the gardener must conftantly obferve, to continue his trees in their beauty, viz. As often as a heavy fnow falls, to fhake the boughs; for it will lodge amongst the leaves and branches in fuch great quantity as to weigh down and fplit the largeft branches; the deformity of which afterwards may be easily conceived. Befides, many years must expire before the tree will, if ever it fhould, grow to its former beauty; to preferve this, therefore, makes it highly neceffary to watch thefe trees narrowly in fnowy weather. V. ARBUTUS UVA URSI is a plant lately difcovered in the Highlands of Scotland, and which formerly was thought not to be a native of Bri tain. (1.) * ARC. n. f. [arcus, Lat.] 1. A fegment; a part of a circle; not more than a femicircle.Their fegments, or ares, for the most part, exceeded not the third part of a circle. Neauton's, Opticks. 2. An arch, ARCADI, or ARCADIANS, a learned fociety at Rome. See ACADEMY, III. N° 1. (1.) ARCADIA, in ancient geography, an inland district in the heart of Peloponnefus. It is mountainous, and fitter for pafture than corn; and therefore chiefly celebrated by pastoral poets, who feigned Pan, the god of fhepherds, to be the guardian of it. It was bounded on the N. by Achaia; on the E. by Argos and Laconia; by Meffenia on the S. and Elis on the W. According to Pliny, the wine of this country cured barrennefs in women, and infpired the men with rage; and the berries of the yew gathered there were fo ftrong a poifon, that whoever flept or took refreshment under that tree were fure to die. In Strabo's time there were few cities remaining in it, most of them being destroyed in the Grecian wars. Euftathius fays, that the country was anciently called Pelafgia, from Pelafgos, who brought the people, from roots, herbs, and leaves of trees, to feed on acorns, efpecially beech mast; as Artemidorus obferves, that the Arcadians ufually lived on acorns. It was alfo called Lycaonia, Gigantis, and Parrhafia. It is now called TRACONIA, and still abounds in corn paftures and woods. (2.) ARCADIA, a fea-port of the above province, (N° 1.) near the gulf, and almoft oppofite to the Ifle of Zante, 64 miles SW. of Corinth, and 12 Load fome vain church with old theatrick N. of Navarin. Lon. 21. 42. E. Lat. 37. 24. N. ftate, Turn ares of triumph to a garden gate. Pope (2.) ARC. See ARK, and ARCH. (3.) ARC, or ARCK, a river of France, in the department of Mount Blanc, which rifes in the Maurienne, and falls into the Here. It has a very rapid courfe and is full of cafeades. ARCADIANS. See ARCADES. ARCADIUS, emperor of the caft, fucceeded his father Theodofins the Great, in 195, at which period his brother Honorius was emperor of the weft. He was guided in his government by his minifters. He died in 408. ARCÆ CUSTOs, a title anzi ntly given to the arch archdeacon, on account of his having the cuftody and Callifto, who was turned into a fhe bear by of the church's cheft, or treasure. ARCANA. See ARCANUM, N' I. ARCANGIS, in the Turkish armies, an inferior kind of infantry, which ferve as enfuns perdus, and to harrafs and pillage the enemy's frontiers. The Arcangis are an order inferior to the Janifaries; and when any of them diftinguish themfelves, are usually preferred into the Janifaries order. They have no pay, but subsist on their plunder. ARCANNA, a kind of red chalk, called by phyfiologifts lubrica fabrilis, as being ufed by carpenters, to colour their lines, for marking timber, &c. (1.) ARCANUN. n. f. in the plural arcanea. A Latin word fignifying a fecret. (II.) ARCANUM, among phyficians, any reme. dy, the preparation of which is induftriously concealed, in order to enhance its value. There are alfo ftanding officinal compofitions under this denomination; fuch as, 1. ARCANUM CORALLINUM, a preparation of red precipitate; made by repeatedly diftilling it with the fpirit of nitre, till a fine red powder be procured, which being boiled, the water poured off, and tartarized spirit of wine put to the pow. der; two or three cohobations are made; which leave a powder, faid to be of ufe in the gout, dropfy, fcurvy, &c. operates chiefly by ftool. Juno. ARCBOUTANT, [from are, and bouter, to abut, Fr.] in building, an arched buttress. See BUTTRESS. ARCE. See ARCANUM, N° III. ARCEN-BARROIS, a town of France, in the department of Cote-d'Or, feated on the Anjou, 35 miles N. of Dijon, and 13 NW. of Langres. Lon. 5. 7. E. Lat. 47. 55. N. ARCEONIS, n. f. in old records, the bow of a faddle. ARCES, a town of France, in the department of Lower Charente. ARCESILAUS, a celebrated Greek philofopher, born at Pitane, in Eolis, about A. A. C. 309. He founded the academy, called the fecond fchool. He was a man of great erudition, and well verfed in the writings of the ancients. He was remarkable for the feverity of his criticifms; but knew how to accommodate himself to the age, and purfue the allurements of pleasure. He had a great number of difciples. His doctrines were different in feveral respects from thofe of the ancient school: and perhaps he was led into this diverfity of opinions by many capital errors in the ancient school, fuch as the incredible arrogance of the dogmatits, who pretended to affign caufes for all things; the myfterious air they had thrown upon the doctrine of ideas; the entirely difcarding the te.timony of 2. ARCANUM DUPLICATUM, or double fecret, the fenfes; the objections of the Pyrrhonifts, who is prepared of the caput mortuum of aqua fortis, now began to broach their opinions; the powerby diffolving it in hot water, filtrating, and eva- ful oppofition of the Stoics and Peripatetics, who porating it to a cuticle; and then leaving it to difcovered the feeble parts of the academic philohoot. It is extolled as a diuretic, and fudori- fophy. Thefe might have given caufe to reform fic.-The recipe was purchased at the expence the ancient fchool, and to found a new one. The of 500 dollars, by that great virtuofo the duke of middle school, therefore, laid it down as a priaHolftein. Schroder, that prince's phyfician, writes ciple, that we could know nothing, nor even afwonders of its great ufes in hypochondriacal cafes, fure ourselves of the certainty of this polition; and in continued and intermitting fevers, one, from whence they inferred, that we fhould affirm fcurvy, &c. Mixed with the pafte employed in nothing, but always fufpend our judgment. They binding books, it fecures them effectually against advanced, that a philofopher was able to difpute all injury from that mischievous infect, the BOOK- upon every fubject, and bring conviction with him, even upon contrary fides of the fime queftion; for there are always reafons feemingly equal force both in the affirmative and egative c every argument. According to this doctrine, neither our fenfes, nor even our reafon, are to have any credit: and therefore, in common affairs, we are to conform ourfeives to received opinions. Arcefilaus was fucceeded by his difciple Lacydes. WORM. 3. ARCANUM DUPLICATUM CATHOLICUM, a compound medicine administered by Wedelius and others, with great fuccefs, in a peftilential fever, attended with dyfentery, which raged for many years in Germany, and yielded to nothing fo cafily as to this medicine. It was compofed of bezoar, plantane root, and the root of colchicum. 4. ARCANUM Jovis is made of an amalgam of mercury and tin, digefted in fpirit of nitre; which being drawn off, the remaining matter is wetted with fpirit of wine, and the spirit burnt several times, till the pungent tafte is wholly gone: what remains is used as fudorific. 5. ARCANUM TARTARI is a neutral falt foluble in water and spirit of wine, formed from the combination of vinegar with fixed alkali. (III.) ARCANUM, in ancient geography, a villa of Q. Cicero, the orator's brother, in Latium; now ARCE, in the Terra di Lavora, in the king dom of Naples, on the borders of the Campagna di Roma, on the river Melpis, between Arpinum and Aquinum. ARCAS, in the mythology, the fon of Jupiter ARCEUIL, a village 3 miles S. of Paris, remarkable for an aquedu&, built in 1624, by Mary de Medicis, which fupplies Paris with water, and is thought to equal fimilar works of the ancient Romans. See AQUEDUCTS, § 3 and 4. ARCEUTHOS, .. in botany, the juriper tree. ARCEUTUM is ufed in fome ancient lawwriters, for a procuration due to a bithop, abbot, or archdeacon, from their clergy, in tinie of cus tertainment. (1.) ARCHI. adj. [from agy, chief.] 1. Chief; of the first clafs. There is fprung up An her tick, an arch one, Cranmer. Sheke 2. Waggith; mirthful; triflingly mifchievous. This fignification it feeins to have gained, by being fr the horizon, at which a star, before hid in his ray, begins to appear again. quently applied to the boy most remarkable for his pranks; as, the arch rogue; unless it be derived from Archy, the name of the jefter to Charles 1-Eugenio fet out from the university; he had the reputation of an arch lad at school. Swift. (2.)* ARCH, in compofition, fignifies chief, or of the first clafs, [from agx, or agx.] as, archangel, archbifbop. It is pronounced variously with regard to the ch, which before a confonant found as in cheese, as, archdeacon; before a vowel like k, as archangel. (3.) * ARCH. n. S. [arcus, Lat.] 1. Part of a circle, not more than the half.-The mind perceives, that an arch of a circle is lefs than the whole circle, as clearly as it does the idea of a circle. Locke. 2. A building open below and closed above, ftanding by the form of its own curve, used for bridges and other works. Ne'er thro' an arch fo hurried the blown tide, As the recomforted thro' the gates. Shakefp. 3. The sky, or vault of heaven.— Hath nature given them eyes To fee this vaulted arch, and the rich cope 4. [from ag] A chief: obfolete.- The noble duke, my master, Shakefp. My worthy arch and patron, comes to-night. Shakeip. (4.) ARCH, in architecture, a concave or hollowed piece of building, conftructed in fuch a manner that the feveral stones of which it is compofed keep one another in their places. The terms arch and vault properly differ only in this, that the arch exprefles a narrower, and the vault a broader, piece of the fame kind. The principal difference in the form of arches is, that fome are circular, and others elliptical; the former having larger or fmaller part of a circle, the other of an elliplis. What are called strait arches, are those frequently ufed over doors and widows, the upper and under edges of which are ftrait and parallel, and the ends and joints all pointing toward a centre. The space between two piers of a bridge is called an arch, because ufually arched over. umphal arches are magnificent entries into cities, erected to adorn a triumph, and perpetuate the memory of the action. The arches of Titus and Conftantine make at this time a great figure a mong the rains of old Rome. Tri (5.) ARCH, in geometry, any part of the circumference of a circle or curved line, lying from one point to another, by which the quantity of the whole circle or line, or fome other thing fought after, may be gathered. (6.) ARCH OF A CIRCLE is a part of the cir cumference thereof, lefs than a half, or femicircle. (7.) ARCH OF DIRECTION, in aftrology, a portion of the equator, lying between two points in the heavens, one of which is the fignificator, and the other the promiffor. (8.) ARCH OF PROGRESSION, in aftronomy, is an arch of the ecliptic, which a planet seems to pifs over, when its motion is according to the order of the fign. (9.) ARCH OF RETROGRADATION is an arch of the ecliptic, defcribed while a planet is retrograde, and moves contrary to the order of the figns. (10.) ARCH OF VISION is the fun's depth below VOL. II. PART II. Are arch'd fo high that giants may jet through Shakefp: 3. To form into arches.-Fine devices of arching water without spilling, and making it rise in several forms of feathers and drinking glafles, be pretty things to look on, but nothing to health and fweetnefs. Bacon. ARCHEOGRAPHIA, the fcience or ftudy of antiques, fo denominated by Spon, comprehending a knowledge of ancient coins, medals, infcriptions, fculptures, ftatues, &c. ARCHEOLOGY. See ARCHAIOLOGY. ARCHÆOTA. See ANTIQUARY, § 3. ARCHEUS, or ARCHEUS. See ARCHEUS. ARCHAIOLOGY. n. f. [from axa, ancient, and λy, a difcourfe.] difcourfe on antiquity. ARCHAIOLOGICK. adj. [from archatology.] Relating to a difcourfe on antiquity. (..)* ARCHAISM. n. f. [roxμs.] An ancient phrafe, or mode of expreffion.—I shall never ufe archai ms, like Milton. Watts. (2.) ARCHAISM, ETYMOLOGIC, is when either an obfolete word, declenfion or conjugation is used. (3.) ARCHAISM, SYNTACTIC, is an unusual and obfolete conftruction in difcourfe. ARCHAL, in botany, the liverwort of Derbyhire. * (1. 1.) ARCHANGEL. n. f. [archangelus, La tin.] One of the highest order of angels.His form had yet not loft All her original brightnefs, nor appear'd Lefs than archangel ruin'd, and th' excefs Of glory obfcur'd. Milton's (2.) ARCHANGEL, according to fome divines, means an angel occupying the eighth rank in the celeftial hierarchy. See ANGEL, 7. and HIERARCHY. But others, not without reafon, reckon it a title only applicable to our Saviour. Compare Jude 9. with Dan. xii. 1. * (II. 1.) ARCHANGEL. n. f. [lamium, Lat.] The name of a plant called alfo Dead nettle. (2.) ARCHANGEL, BAUM-LEAVED, in botany. See MELITTIS. See alfo LAMIUM. (3.) ARCHANGEL, YELLOW. See GALEOPSIS. (III. 1.) ARCHANGEL, in geography, a city of Ruflia, in the province of Dwina, fituated on the E. fide of the river Dwina, about 6 miles from the White Sea, 300 N. of Moscow, and 400 N. E. from Peterburgh. The city extends about three miles in length and one in breadth. It is rich, populous, built in the modern tafte, and is a metropolitan fee. Lon. 39. o. E. Lat. 64. 34. N. (2.) ARCHANGEL, HISTORY OF. This city rofe from a castle built on the spot by Iwan, or John Bafilowitz II. to protect the increafing trade, brought there, by the discovery of the White Sea, by the English, and took its name from a monaftery built in honour of the archangel Michael. Before this period the commercial intercourfe beDdd tween able; in 1730, to the amount of 40,000 lafts, of 1 barrels each. In 1752 Elizabeth again restored the ancient immunities of Archangel; and its prefent trade is not inconfiderable. See § 3. (3.) ARCHANGEL, PRESENT STATE OF. Archangel fends, during winter, great quantities of the rawaga, a fmall fpecies of three-finned cod to Pe terfburgh frozen. It fupplies the government of Archangel, part of thote of Nifhnei-Novogorod and Cafan, with European commodities; and draws in exchange from thofe parts corn, flax, hemp, coarfe linen, cordage, fails, mafts, and tallow, which are mostly conveyed by the Dwina: it forms alfo a principal communication with the northern and western parts of Siberia, from whence the merchants procure furs, fkins, and iron. The houfes of Archangel are generally of wood, but well contrived; and every chamber is provided with a ftove, as a fence against the cold, which is here exceflive in winter. The streets are paved with broken pieces of timber and rubbish, dispofed fo unfkilfully, that one cannot walk over it without running the rifk of falling, except when the ftreets are rendered fmooth and equal by the snow that falls and freezes in the winter. Not withstanding the feverity of the cold in this place, there is always plenty of good provifions: butcher's meat, poultry, wild foul, and fish, in great variety, and fold furprisingly cheap. The molt remarkable edifice in Archangel is a large town. houfe, built of square ftones in the Italian manner, and divided into three parts. One of these confifts of large commodious apartments, for the accommodation of merchants, ftrangers as well as natives: here they are permitted to refide with their merchandife till October, when all the f>reign fhips fet fail for the refpective countries to which they belong. Then the traders are obliged to remove their quarters from the town-house or palace, which hath a spacious court, that reaches down to the river. tween Ruffia and the northern parts of Europe had been long carried on by the Hanfeatic towns. The hips ufually failed to Revel or Narva, and from thence passed through Dorpt to Plefcof and Novogorod, where their factories were established. The accidental difcovery of Archangel, in 1553, deprived the Hanfeatic towns of a great part of this lucrative commerce, and transferred it to the English. On the 11th of May, that year, three fhips failed from Deptford, to explore the northern feas, under the command of Sir Hugh Willoughby. Two of thefe veffels penetrated as high as the 72d degree of latitude, to the coast of Spitzbergen; and being afterwards forced by ftrefs of weather into the bay of the river Arzina in Ruffian Lapland, both their crews were frozen to death. Richard Chancellor, who commanded the other fhip, called the Bonaventure, difcovering the country bordering upon the White Sea, landed near the mouth of the Dwina, in a bay, which he denominated the Bay of St Nicholas, from a convent of that name, near the prefent port of Archangel. The czar being informed of his arrival, invited him to his court, entertained him hofpitably, and indulged the English with a free trade in his dominions. In confequence of this permiffion, a company of merchants was incorporated in London; and being encouraged by particular privileges from the czar, fet on foot a confiderable commerce, to the mutual advantage of both nations. This traffic the English for fome time enjoyed without competition. The Dutch, however, and other nations, gradually infinuated themfelves into it, and carried it on at a very great difadvantage, not being favoured with thofe privileges which the czar had granted to the English company. There were at laft fuddenly annihilated by Alexis Michaelowitz; who, in 1648, banifhed the English merchants from all his dominions. The cause of this expulfion was imputed to the refentment which the czar felt against the English for the execution of Charies I. with whom he was clofely connected by leagues of amity and alliance: but in fact he abolished the company's privileges the year before that event; and his indignation against the English for their rebellion, was only a political pretext; the real motive being derived from the offers made by the Dutch to pay duties of export and import, to the amount of 15 per cent. if they were indulged with the liberty of carrying on as free a trade as the English throughout his dominions. For not long afterwards, the czar fuffered William Prideaux, Cromwell's agent, to refide at Archang.'; and permitted the English to renew their commerce in that port upon the same footing with other foreigners. And upon this footing alone our merchants ever after continued to trade. The commodities chiefly imported into Archangel, were gold and filver ftuils and laces, gold wire, cochineal, indigo, and other drugs for dyeing; wine, brandy, and other distilled spirits. The customs arifing to the czar were computed at 200,000 rubles a-year, and the number of foreign hips at 400 annually. But upon the building of Petersburgh, Peter the Great abolished the immaunities of Archangel, and removed the commerce of the White Sea to the havens of the Baltic. Still, however, its exports of tar were confider ARCHANGEL-GOROD, a government or province of Ruffia, in Europe, comprehending part of Lapland, and the ancient kingdom of Holinogard. * ARCHANGELICK. adj. [from archangeli, Belonging to archangels.— He ceas'd, and th' archangelick pow'r prepar'd For fwitt defcent; with him the cohort bright Of watchful cherubim Milcen ARCHARD, in commerce, a kind of green fruit, pickled in vinegar, much valued through out the Eaft Indies. The beft are thofe brought from Perfia, in bottles, much like finall cucumbers among us. * ARCHBEACON. n. f. [from arch and be con.] The chief place of profpect, or of fignal.— You fhall win the top of the Cornish archbeacaHainborough, which may for profpect compare with Rama in Paleftina. Carew. (1.)* ARCHBISHOP. n. f. [from arch and h op. A bithop of the first clafs, who fuperintends the conduct of other bithops in his fufiragans.— Cranmer is return'd with welcome, Inftall'd load archbishop of Canterbury. Shakelp. (2.) ARCHBISHOP, ACCOUNT OF THE TITLE AND OFFICE OF. Archbishops were not known in the eaft till about the year 320; and though there y lues fpecial licences to marry, to hold two livings, &c. and he exercifes the right of conferring degrees. He alfo holds feveral courts of judicature; as, court of arches, court of audience, prerogative court, and court of peculiars. He is addreifed with the title of Grace, and most Reverend Father in God; and writes himself by Divine Providence; whereas bithops only ufe by Divine Permiffion. The archbishop of York has the like rights in his province, as the archbishop of Canterbury. He has precedence of all dukes not of the royal blood; and of all officers of state, except the lord high chancellor. He has alfo the rights of a count palatine over Hexamfhire. The first archbishop of York was Paulinus, appointed by Pope Gregory about the year 622. He had for merly jurisdiction over all the bishops of Scotland; but in 1470, pope Sextus IV. created the bithop of St Andrew's, archbishop and metropolitan of all Scotland. there were fome foon after this who had the title, yet that was only a perfonal honour, by which the bishops of confiderable cities were diftinguish ed. It was not till of late that archbithops became metropolitans, and had fuffrages under them. Athanafius appears to be the firft who ufed the title Archbishop, which he gave occafional ly to his predeceflor; Gregory Nazianzen, in like manner gave it to Athanafius; not that either of them were entitled to any juriidiction, or even any precedence in virtue of it. Among the Latins, Ifidore Hifpalenfis is the first that speaks of archbishops. He diftinguishes four orders or degrees in the ecclefiaftical hierarchy, viz. patriarchs, archbishops, metropolitans, and bifhops. The archbithop, befides the infpection of the bishops and interior clergy in the province over which he prehides, exercifes epifcopal jurifdiction in his own diocefe. He is guardian of the fpiritualities of any vacant fee in his province, as the king is of the temporalities; and exercifes ecclefiaftical jurifdiction in it. He is intitled to prefent by lapfe to all the ecclefiaftical livings in the difpofal of his diocelan bithop, if not filled within fix months. He has likewife a customary prerogative, upon confecrating a bishop, to name a clerk or chaplain to be provided for by fuch bifhop; in lieu of which it is now ufual to accept an option. He is faid to be enthroned when vefted in the archbishopric; whereas bifhops are said to be installed. (3.) ARCHBISHOPS, PRVIILEGES OF ENGLISH. The ecclefiaftical government of England is divided into two provinces, viz. Canterbury and York. Canterbury had the following fuffragan bilhoprics appertaining to it, St Afaph, Bangor, Bath and Wells, Bristol, Chichester, Litchfield and Coventry, St David's, Ely, Exeter, Gloucefter, Hereford, Landaff, Lincoln, London, Norwich, Oxford, Peterborough, Rochester, Salifbury, Winchester, and Worcester. To York appertain the bishoprics of Carlifle, Chefter, and Durham; to which may be added the bifhopric of Soder and Man, whofe bishop is not a Lord of Parliament. See CANTERBURY and YORK. The archbishop of Canterbury had anciently, viz. till the year 1152, jurifdiction over Ireland as well as England, and was styled a patriarch, and fometimes alterius orbis papa, and orbis Britannici pontifex. Matters were recorded in his name thus, Anno pontificatus noftri primo, &c. The firft archbishop of Canterbury was Auftin, appointed by king Ethelbert, on his converfion to Chriftianity, about the year 598. He was alfo legatus natus. He even enjoyed fome fpecial marks of loyalty; as, to be patron of a bifhopric, which he was of Rochefter; and to make knights, coin moneys, &c. He is ftill the first peer of England, and the next to the royal family; having precedence of all dukes and all great officers of the crown. It is his privilege, by custom, to crown the kings and queens of this kingdom. He may retain and qually eight chaplains, whereas a duke is by ftatute allowed only fix. He has, by common law, the power of probate of wills and teftaments, and grasting letters of adminiftration. He has also a power to grant licences and difpenfations in all cafes formerly fued for in the court of Rome, and not repugnant to the law of God. He according (4.) ARCHBISHOPS, SCOTS AND IRISH. Scotland, whilft epifcopacy prevailed in that country, had two archbishops, of St Andrew's and Glafgow; or which the former was accounted the metropolitan; and, even before it arrived at the dignity of an archbishopric, refifted with great spirit all the attempts of the archbishops of York in England to become the metropolitans of Scotland. The fees of Argyle, Galloway, and the Ifles, were fuffragans to Glafgow; all the others in the kingdom, to St Andrew's. Ireland has four archbishops; of Armagh, Dublin, Caffil, and Tuam; of whom the former is primate of all Ireland. ARCHBISHOPRICK. n. f. [from archbishop.\ The state or jurifdiction of an archbishop.-This excellent man, from the time of his promotion to the archbishoprick, underwent the envy and malice of men who agreed in nothing elfe. Clarendon. ARCH-BUTLER, one of the great officers of the German empire, who prefents the first cup to the emperor on folemn occafions, This office belongs to the king of Bohemia. The prince of Limbourg is his vicar. ARCH-CHAMBERLAIN, an officer of the empire; the fame with the great chamberlain of England. The elector of Brandenburg was appointed arch-chamberlain of the empire, by the golden buil; and he bears the fceptre before the emperor, walking on the left hand of the elector of Saxony. At fome folemnities he also serves on horseback like other electors, carrying a bafon with a towel in his hands: which, alighting, he fets for the emperor to wash.-His vicar is the prince of Hohenzolleren, of the house of Brandenburg. ARCH-CHANCELLOR, a high officer who, in ancient times, prefided over the fecretaries of the court. Under the two first races of the kings of France, when their territories were divided into Germany, Italy, and Arles, there were three archchancellors: and hence the three arch-chancellors ftill fubfifting in Germany; the archbishop of Mentz being arch-chancellor of Germany, the archbishop of Cologn of Italy, and the archbishop of Treves, of Arles. * ARCHCHANTER. n. f. [from arch and chanter. The chief chanter. ARCH-COUNT, a title formerly given to the Ddd 2 ear! |