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head is covered with a white fort of down, which makes it look as if it was bald, from whence it is fo named. The third is the black eagle, refembling moft the European eagle. They build their neft most times at the top of fome old tree, naked of boughs, and near the river fide. The people generally fell the tree when they take the young. They are frequently obferved fitting by fome tall tree near a river, whence they may have a profpect up and

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down it, to view the fishing-hawk; for when they see this bird has struck a fish, immediately they take wing; and it is fometimes very pleasant to observe the flight; for when the fishing-bawk perceives herself pursued, she will scream and make a terrible noife, till at length she lets fall the fish to make her own escape, which the eagle frequently catches before it reaches the earth or water.

HISTORY OF CANADA. [Continued.]

AnnoT was lucky for the French co1663. lony, that the Iroquois did not take advantage of the confternation which the earthquake had produced: but they themselves were terrified by the fame vifitation. They, moreover, received feveral peity checks from fome other Indian nations; and the fmall-pox had made great ravages among their cantons. For thefe reafons, they were more than ever difpofed to peace, and fent deputies to Montreal with very advantageous propofals: but the negotiation was interrupted by a report spread among the Indians, that a great number of forces was arrived from France at Quebec, the governor of which was on the point of taking the field to exterminate all the tribes of the Iroquois. The bishop of Petræa bad indecd returned to Quebec, accompanied by M. de Mefy, whom the king had fent over to fucceed the baron d'Avangour, in the government of Canada, together with a fmall body of troops, and the Sieur Gaudais as commiffary, to take poffeffion of that whole country for the French king, to whom the company had transferred the property of it; and the new governor had also brought over about one hundred families of fettlers, and fome officers of juftice. This commissary having taken the oath of fidelity of all the inhabitants, began to regulate the police, and establish rules for a more regular administration of justice. Hitherto, the governor-general had acted as fupreme justiciary; and in all important affairs convoked a kind of council, compofed of the Great Seneschal of New France, the chief ecclefiaftic of the country, and fome of the principal inhabitants: but the council was not permanent, until the king affumed the government of it into his own hands. He now established a council compofed of the

The

governor-general, the bishop of Petræa,
apoftolical vicar in New France, Mr. Ro-
bert, intendant, and four counsellors to be
named by these three gentlemen, change-
able at their pleasure; there was likewise
a procureur-general, and a principal no-
tary. The number of counsellors, how-
ever, was augmented in the fequel.
council was held every Monday at the
palace, where the intendant refided; and
there juftice was adminiftred according to
the laws of France. To this, there were
three fubordinate tribunals, established at
Quebec, Trois Rivieres, and Montreal,
each compofed of a lieutenant-general,
private lieutenant, and king's procureur,
with a secretary, and proper officers.

[An. 1664.] During these transactions, the Iroquois repeated their incurfions with various fuccefs: but, in the course of this fucceeding year, they fent another deputation to Quebec, in order to effect a pacification. Thefe met with a cool reception from the new governor, who was elated with the consciousness of his own strength, and, in all probability, had refolved to enflave, or exterminate thofe hoftile Indian nations. If this was really his design, two incidents prevented it from fucceeding. The English became mafters of New Belgia, and called it New York; fo that the Iroquois, as their allies, were better fupported than they had beer, by the Hollanders; and the council of Canada began to be distracted by diffenfions, which arose between the new governor de Mefy, and the bishop of Petræa, by whofe interest de Mefy had been promoted This laft was a man of a violent temper, who could not brook the authority which the clergy had affumed in Canada; and the bishop would not bate an inch of the footing they had gained. Mutual complaints and recrimination were preferred to Mr. Colbert,

who

who thought proper to recal Mefy; but he never returned to France. Before this event, the French king had invefted the marquis de Fracy, with the power and authority of viceroy in America; and ordered him to fail from the Windward inlands to Canada, with the regiment of Carignan Salieres, which had ferved with reputation in Hungary. He now appointed Daniel de Remi, lord of Courcelles, as fucceffor to de Mefy, in the government of Quebec, and granted a commiffion to the marquis and him conjointly, to enquire into the conduct of his predeceffor, who died before they could proceed to his trial. The marquis, arriving at Quebec in the month of June, detached fome of his troops against the Iroquois, who had penetrated into the colony, from whence they were immediately driven. Mean while, the new governor landed with the remaining part of the regiment, a great number of families to peopie the colony, many artifans and intended fervants, and a confiderable number of horses, sheep, and black cattle.

The viceroy no fooner received this reinforcement, than he took the field, and marching to the mouth of the river Richelieu, fuperintended the construction of three forts, one of which called Sorel, from the officer who commanded in it, is now in ruins; but he gave his name to the river, which it ftill retains. The fecond, built at the fall or rifft of St. Louis, took the denomination of Chamby, from a captain of that name, who directed the construction of it, and afterwards acquired the property of the ground where it is fituated. The third was built three leagues higher up the river, and called the fort of St. Therefa, because it was finished on the festival of that faint; and this poft was commanded by M. de Salieres, colonel of the regiment. The defign of these ftrengths was to defend the French colony from the incurfions of the Iroquois, who were at first intimidated to find themfelves thus hampered; but they foon found many other paffes, through which they poured occationally into the French fettlements.

In the month of December, the Indian chief Garakonthie arrived at Quebec, with other deputies from the Onondagas, Goyoquins, and the Tfonnonthuans. They

brought prefents for the general, and propofed conditions of peace, which were accepted: the deputies were fumptuously re

galed, and difmiffed with many marks of the viceroy's bounty. The tribe of the Onneyouths submitted; but a refolution was taken to chastise the Agniers, a party of whom had flain the viceroy's nephew, and two other officers. M. de Sorel having taken the field, and begun his march towards the district of those savages, fell in with one of their parties commanded by the Flemish baftard, whom he refolved to attack, when he was diverted from his purpose by this leader's demanding a parley, and declaring he was fo far on his way to Quebec with propofals of peace for the viceroy. In pursuance of this declaration, he was fafely conducted to that fettlement, and in a little time joined by another deputy from the canton of Agnier. In the midst of the negotiation, the viceroy having invited these deputies to a feaft, the difcourfe turned upon the death of M. de Chafy, the viceroy's nephew, when the Indian raifing his arm, "This hand (faid he) gave him his death's wound." The viceroy, incensed at his infolence, told him it should never be the death of another, and immediately ordered him to be ftrangled by the common executioner; as for the Flemish bastard, he was detained prisoner at Quebec. During these transactions, M. de Courcelles fet out on an expedition against the Agniers, and arrived at their villages, which he found abandoned. He afterwards accompanied the marquis de Tracy, who had prepared a much more confiderable armament against the fame people, and as they once more forfook their habitations, he destroyed all their villages, with a very confiderable quantity of provifion, which they had amaffed. At the beginning of winter they returned to Quebec with some prifoners, two of whom he caused to be hanged, and fent back the Flemish bastard with the reft, to their own country. laft act of authority in Canada was the investing the East-India company with all the rights of this colony, which the former monopoly of an hundred associates had enjoyed: then he embarked for France, and after his departure, M. de Talou exerted himself in extending the commerce of the colony; while the miffionaries laboured without ceafing, in converting the Indians, and profecuted their miffion as far as the lake Superior, among different nations of barbarians, by whom they were often treated with cruelty, and always ·

His

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with contempt. In fpite of all their zeal and perfeverance, their harveft was but fcanty and they complained that their fuccefs was greatly obstructed by the conduct of the English and Dutch of New York; who, tho' Chriftians by profeffion, exhibited no examples of Christianity, nor any figns of religion; and, moreover, indulged the favages with a free trade for fpirituous liquors, which debauched their morals by producing the most brutal intoxication. But how fmall foever the progrefs of the miffionaries might be, in planting the Chriftian religion; certain it is, they made many useful difcoveries for the benefit of commerce, and efstablished correspondences among the distant tribes that inhabit the vaft continent of NorthAmerica.

[An. 1668.] At this juncture, and

not before, the colony of New-France, or Canada, became an object of importance. The number of the fettlers was confiderably increased; the foldiers of the regiment of Carignan being disbanded, began as planters to cultivate the lands: their officers were gratified with large tracts, to be held with all the rights of signiorship; and as they were generally men of good families, New-France could boast of a greater number of ancient noblesse, than were to be found in any other French colony. These gentlemen vied with each other in building elegant and convenient houses, in raifing plantations, encouraging industry, and promoting agriculture; fo that in a little time, Canada, exclusive of the fur trade, began to flourish as a populous and fertile country.

[To be continued.]

An Account of the Death of OLIVER CROMWELL, and the Succeffion of his Son RICHARD to the Protectorship: as first published by Authority.

WHAT

an idea must a man of a contemplative turn of mind entertain of human nature, if he has made himself well acquainted with the hiftory of the civil wars, in the reign of the unfortunate Charles I. and of the many and innumerable scenes of wickedness, carried on by a fet of men with the vileft hypocrify, and all under the cloak of religion! What humiliating thoughts muft he have of the Infatuation of mankind, who could be blinded with fuch enthusiasm and fanaticifm, as to commit fuch atrocious deeds with the folemnity of faints; and actualJy believe, as well as declare, they were all the while doing the work and fervice of God! In all the writings of the zealots of that time, there is fuch a ridiculous mask of piety drawn over the fouleft acts, which will not fail to excite our laughter, though it cannot but provoke Our indignation. The higheft abfurdities, frangest comparisons, groffeft flatteries, greateft falfities, every where interlarded with reflections from fcripture, and all in the most affected ftrains of holinefs, make up the chief matter of the fpeeches, debates, and records, of that age.

As the following account of the death of Oliver Cromwell, published by authority a few days after he died, is an instance of the truth of the foregoing reflections, and of the high regard paid to the memory of that man, who was the life and foul of this enthufiaftic zeal; and as it must

prove agreeable and entertaining, we have given it a place in this Magazine. It is necessary to remark, that though the whole is a laboured panegyric, conceived in terms of the highest adulation, without much regard to truth or decency; it was implicitly believed by those who were the friends of Cromwell, to be a true portraiture of the person it was drawn for.

"WHITEHALL, Sept. 3. 1658. His moft ferene and renowned highness Oliver lord-protector, being after a fickness of about fourteen days (which appeared an ague in the beginning) reduced to a very low condition of body, began early this morning to draw near the gates of death; and it pleafed God about three o'clock in the afternoon, to put a period to his life.

"We would willingly exprefs, on this fad occafion, the deep forrow which hath poffeffed the minds of his moft noble fon and fucceffor, and other dearest relations, had we language fufficient: but all that we can use will fall far fhort of the merits of that most excellent prince.

"His first undertakings for the public intereft, his working things all along, as it were out of the rock; his founding a military difcipline in thefe nations, fuch as is not to be found in any example of preceding times; and whereby the noble foldiers of thefe nations may, without flattery, be commended for piety, moderation, and obedience, as a pattern to be imitated, but hardly to be equalled by fucceeding

ceeding generations: his wisdom and piety in things divine; his prudence in manage ment of civil affairs, and conduct of military, and admirable fucceffes in all, made him a prince indeed among the people of God; by whofe prayers being lifted up to the Supreme Dignity, he became more highly feated in their hearts, because, in all his actings, it was evident that the main defign was to make his own intereft one and the fame with theirs, that it might be fubfervient to the great intereft of JESUS CHRIST.

"And in the promoting of this, his fpirits knew no bounds; his affection could not be confined at home, but broke forth into foreign parts, where he was univerfally admired by good men, as an extraordinary perfon raised up of God; and by them owned as the protector and patron of the Evangelical profeffion, This being faid, and the world itself witness of it, we can only add that God gave him bleffings proportionable to all these virtues, and made him a bleffing to us; by his wisdom and valour, to fecure our peace and liberty, and to revive the ancient renown and reputation of our native

country.

"After all this, it is remarkable how it pleased the Lord, on this day, to take him to reft, it having formerly been a day of labour to him; for which both himself and the day (September 3.) will be most renowned to pofterity; it having been to him a day of triumphs and thanksgiving, for the memorable victories of Dunbar and Worcester *: a day which after so many strange revolutions of Providence, high contradictions, and wicked confpiracies of unreasonable men, he lived once again to fee; and then to die with great affurances and ferenity of mind, peaceably in his bed.

"Thus, it hath proved to him to be a day of triumph, indeed; there being much of Providence in it, that, after fo glorious crowns of victory, placed on his head by God, on this day, having neglected an earthly crown, he should now go to receive the crown of everlasting life.

"Being gone to the unspeakable grief of all good men, the privy-council immedi

ately affembled ; and being satisfied that the lord-protector was dead, and upon fure and certain knowledge that his late highness did, in his life-time, according to the humble petition and advice, declare, and appoint the most noble and illuftrious lord, the lord RICHARD, eldest fon of his faid highness, to succeed him in the government as LORD-PROTECTOR, it was fo refolved at the council; which being made known to the officers of the army, it was pleasant to behold, with how much content and fatiffaction they received the notice of it, and unanimously concurred therewith; being refolved, to their utmost, to maintain the fucceffion according to law: which worthy refolution of theirs, as it speaks them men of honour, prudence, and fidelity, mindful of the merits of their late great leader, and common father, and of the grand interest of establishment after all our shakings; fo it is but answerable to the worth and nobleness of his fon, who in all refpects appears the lively image of his father, the true inheritor of all his chriftian virtues; a person, who by his piety, humanity, and other noble inclinations, hath obliged the hearts of all, and thereby filled this people with hopes of much felicity, through God's bleffing upon his government."

Then follows an account of the privycouncil's waiting on Richard, his short speech to them, and the manner of his proclamation, all which being in everyrefpect the fame as at the acceffion of every king, is not worth transcribing, as there would be nothing new in it; more especially at this juncture, when he had a recent example.

This panegyric on Oliver and his fon, is clofed with the following prayer; "May all the days of his highness's life be crowned with the bleffings of the most High God, and the highest affections of his people."

Such was the language made use of by the friends and partizans of Oliver Cromwell, whose real character, after fuch extravagant applaufes on one fide, and detractions on the other, has been never better, or more truly prefented, than by the great earl of Clarendon, who ftiles him A GREAT WICKED MAN.

On the 3d of September, 1650, Cromwell totally defeated the Scots at Dunbar, under the command of Lefley; and on the anniversary of this battle, in the fucceeding year, was fought the great battle of Worcester; when Charles II. was totally defeated by Cromwell, with great difficulty efcaped from the field of battle, underwent the inumerable hardships which every one is acquainted with, and at last safely arrived in Normandy.

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A Genealogical Account of PIERREPONT, Duke of Kingston.

HE anceftor of this noble family, Robert de Pierrepont, is mentioned in Doomsday-book, as poffeffed of the lordships of Henettede and Wretham, in Suffolk, and holding them of the famous William earl of Warren, one of the greatest among thofe nobles who accompanied William the Conqueror in his expedition into this kingdom. The family alfo continued poffeffors of Chatteau Pierrepont, in the fouth confines of Picardy, 35 Hen. I. 13 Hen. II. and 2 Ric. I. Befides the lordships in Suffolk, the aforefaid Robert held Hurft in Suffex, ftill retaining the name of Hurft-Pierrepont, with other lands in that county, amounting to ten knights fees. He was likewife a lieutenant-general in the Conqueror's army. A defcendant of his, Sir Henry Pierrepont, married Annora, fole daughter to Michael de Manvers (who died 39 Hen. III.) and fifter and heir to Lionel de Manvers, whereby he got feveral lordships in Nottinghamshire; particularly Holme, now called Holme-Pierrepont; his widow likewife recovered the town of Bafingfield in the fame county. They had iffue two fons, Simon and Robert: Simon, by a special writ June 8, 32 Edw. I. had fummons among others to attend the king at Portsmouth aft of September following, thence to fail with him into Gafcoigne; he left only a daughter, Sibilla, married to Edm. Ufford. His brother Sir Robert, who fucceeded him, was feveral times of the retinue with

prince Edward, and with him when king Edw. II. in his expedition into Scotland. Ing Edw. II. he obtained a charter for free-warren in all his demefnes, with his lordfhips of Holme, Holbeck, Woodhoufes, Lanaiford, and Wefton in Northamptonshire; as alfo Northanefton, Southanefton, and Treton in the county of York; in 11 Edw. II. he was made governor of Newark-castle upon Trent. And in 1 Edw. III. he had fummons to be at Newcastle to restrain the incurfions of the Scots, and was one of the chief commanders under the young king in perfon. Also, in confideration of his fpecial fervices in those Scottish wars, he obtained a general pardon for all trefpaffes in the foreft of Shirewood, having been 7 Edw. III. with the king in the famous battle of Hallid own against the Scots. He was fummoned by the faid king, as a baron, to parliament. He married Sarah, daughter of Sir John Heriz, knt. alfo fifter and heir to John de Heriz, by whom his pofterity, namely, in Sir Henry Pierrepont, one of the knights for Nottinghamshire in parliament 5 and 9 Henry V. as alfo 2 and 3 Hen. VI. recovered againft Ralph lord Crombewell, the manors of Wynfeld, Tibeschelf, Gomalfton, and Widmerpole, as coufin and heir of Sir John Heriz. His defcendant, Sir William de Pierrepont, 19 Henry VII. was made one of the knights of the fword at the creation of Henry prince of Wales. In 5 Hen. VIII. for his exemplary valour at the fieges

of

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