The instruction of youth was then almost everywhere in their hands, by means of the colleges. They had 108 of them in Spain, 79 in France, 91 in Germany, 36 in Belgium, and 29 in Poland.

The number of the members of the Society amounted, in 1826, to 15,493; of whom 13,369 were stationed in the provinces of Europe. Spain included in her territory 2,962; Germany, 2,283; Italy, 2,256; France, 2,156; Belgium, 1,841, &c.

Those who resided out of Europe were thus distributed: 510 in the East Indies, 128 in the Philippine Islands, 30 in China, 140 in Japan, and 1,316 in America, Mexico, New-Granada, Peru, Paraguay, Brazil, and Chili.

In 1710 the Jesuits possessed 612 colleges, 157 pensionnats, 59 noviciates, 340 residences, 200 Missions, 80 professed houses, and they ruled in 80 Universities.

In 1749 they had 89 professed houses, 669 colleges, 61 noviciates, 176 seminaries, 335 residences, and 273 Missions. The personnel of the Society amounted to 22,580 members, including 11,239 Priests.

The documents relating to latter years are not so complete. On the suppres sion of the order by Pope Clement XIV., in 1773, the greater portion of these fragments was destroyed, and those that may be still extant are kept with great care in the archives of the court of Rome.

It is known that, in spite of the Papal Bull, the Society of Jesus continued publicly to exist in Russia. Between the eighteenth General, L. Ricci, who died on the 23d of November, 1775, two years after the suppression of the Society, and the nineteenth General, Thaddeus Brzozowski, elected on the 2d of September, 1805, in consequence of the Bull of Pope Pius VII., re-establishing the Society, the records of the order register four other Chiefs who succeeded each other during that interval, with the title of "Vicars-General in White Russia."

It is now forty years since the Society was officially re-organized. Its progress was at first slow and stealthy; it silently insinuated itself into the various states of Europe, and endeavoured to take root there under a different name from that of the "Society of Jesus." Towards the close of the Restoration, it began to raise its head, and to adopt bolder methods of allurement; when the revolution of 1830 came, and ruined its schemes. It then extinguished itself once more, in order to

allow the storm which then growled to pass over; but it soon regained its courage; and it now openly proclaims its original intention to re-conquer all the territory that it possessed in the days of its splendour. The check that has just been administered to its ambition in France, by the firmly-expressed will of the country, could neither discourage it, nor cause it to renounce its plans. It is a struggle which will be prolonged under a different form. It is, therefore, interesting to know, with exactness, the numerical strength which the Jesuits are employing at the present moment in France and other countries; and to ascertain, by authentic statistics, their most recent progress.

The Society has no longer the 44 provinces, 960 establishments, and the 22,000 members that it could proudly enumerate in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. But its power is increasing every year; it is scattering its seeds in all directions; and it indulges in sanguine hopes that time will fructify them.

In and out of Europe the Society of Jesus at present possesses 14 provinces ; those of Rome, Sicily, Naples, Turin, Spain, Paris, Lyons, Belgium, England, Austria, Germany, Ireland, Maryland, and Missouri.

On the 1st of January, 1838, it had in those provinces 173 establishments, and 3,067 members; on the 1st of Ja nuary, 1841, 211 establishments, and 3,565 members; and on the 1st of January, 1844, 233 establishments, and 4,133 members. Thus, in the space of half a dozen years, there has been an increase of 60 establishments, and 1,066 members!

In 1844 this increase was still more rapid. In the seven provinces of Roine, Sicily, Turin, Spain, Paris, Lyons, and Belgium, the only ones whose advices have already arrived in Rome, the order has received, between the 1st of January, 1844, and 1st of January, 1845, 394 new members. The receptions had, moreover, lately become so numerous, that Father Rothaan, General of the order, thought it necessary to allay this fever of increase, and pointed out its dangers to all the provincials, in a circular dated March, 1845.

The province of Rome numbered in January, 1841, 601 Jesuits, and 702 in January, 1845; of whom 269 were Priests, 201 novices, and 232 brothers. It is in Rome that the General of the' order resides; and there, also, are concentrated the principal establishments.

The Society has there its most important professed house, as well as a college for the special purpose of training Priests for the necessities of Germany. It has also there a college and a residence, composed of 49 Priests, 69 novices, and 42 brothers; a noviciate, properly so called, composed of 8 Priests, 58 novices, and 30 brothers; a noviciate of the third degree; a noble pensionnat; and a seminary in which Missionaries are trained for the Society for the Propagation of the Faith.

The other establishments of the province of Rome chiefly consist of colleges, through the medium of which the Jesuits are masters of the instruction of youth. Such are the colleges of Camerino, Fano, Fäenza, Ferrentino, Ferrara, Fermo, Forli, Modena, Spoleta, Tivoli, Orvieto, Loretto, and Verona. Since the commencement of the current year, (1845,) they have opened a college at Venice, another at Parma, and are on the point of transforming into a college the Mission of Malta. They have, besides, a grand noviciate at Verona, and residences at Galloro, Bresci, and some other cities of the Roman states.

The province of Sicily, which included 251 Jesuits in 1841, now possesses 272. The principal establishments of the Society in this province are the professinghouse, the noviciate, and the great college of Palermo. In these three establishments reside 169 Jesuits, of whom 53 are Priests, 60 novices, and 56 brothers. They have, besides a noble college at Palermo, the colleges of Alcamo, Caltanisetta, Marsala, Modica, Noto, and Salemi, towns for the most part containing fifteen or twenty thousand inhabitants. They have residences at Ternini, Trapani, and Mazari; a house upon Monte Albano; and Missions in Albania and the Isle of Syra.

The province of Naples numbered 258 Jesuits in 1841, and 279 in 1844. Their principal establishments are the grand college of Naples, which includes 98 Jesuits (32 Priests, 36 novices, and 30 brothers); the noviciate of Sorrento; the noble college of Naples; the college of Salerno, that of Benevento, and that of Lecce.

In the province of Turin the number of Jesuits increased between the 1st of January, 1841, and the 1st of January, 1845, from 379 to 428. They have in Turin a "noble " college, another college, and a pensionnat, including 81 Jesuits, of whom 31 are Priests, 31 novices, and 19 brothers; a professed house at Genoa; noviciates at Chiari

and at Cagliari; colleges and pensionnats at Aosta, Chambery, Genoa, Cagliari, Nice, Novara, Sassari, San Remo, and at Voghera. Since the commencement of the year 1845, a new college has been opened at Massa.

The establishments of the province of Spain have been disorganized by the political events of which that country has been of late years the theatre. On the 1st of January, 1845, there were 113 Jesuits disseminated in Spain, more particularly in the diocesses of Toledo, Seville, Pampeluna, and Valencia, of whom 50 were Priests, 6 only novices, and 57 brothers; 96 Jesuits, belonging to the same province, of whom 45 were Priests, 32 novices, and 19 brothers, had retired into other countries. The province of Spain possesses a residence and a college at Nivelle, in Belgium, and a residence at Aire, in France. It had, in 1841, at Buenos Ayres, a Mission, a residence, and two colleges, including 24 Priests, 12 novices, and 14 brothers. These establishments have since been dispersed. It has also residences in South America, Paraguay, Uruguay, La Plata, Brazil, New-Granada, and Chili. The most important ones are the residence of Cordova, and the college and noviciate of Bogota, which contain 11 Priests, 5 novices, and 6 brothers.

The province of Paris is composed, with Paris, of the northern part of France. On the 1st of January, 1841, it included 291 Jesuits, and as many as 420 on the 1st of January, 1845. In Paris itself they had a residence and a seminary, containing 23 Priests and 10 brothers; at St. Acheul, a noviciate and a residence, in which there were 15 Priests, 20 novices, and 14 brothers; residences at Strasburg, 6 Priests and 2 brothers; at Angers, 10 Priests and 3 brothers; at Bourges, 6 Priests and 3 brothers; at Quimper, 6 Priests and 4 brothers; at Metz, 10 Priests and 3 brothers; at Nantes, 8 Priests and 4 brothers; at Vannes, 7 Priests and 3 brothers; at Lille, 5 Priests and 2 brothers; at Liesse, near Laon, 6 Priests and 3 brothers; at Poitiers, 6 Priests and 2 brothers; and at Rouen, 6 Priests and 2 brothers. They had at Laval, a noviciate and a seminary, containing 77 Jesuits, of whom 28 were Priests, 35 novices, and 14 brothers. At Issenheim, in the department of the Upper Rhine, they possessed a residence and a noviciate, created a short time since, and which contained, on the 1st of January, 1845, 7 Priests, 9 novices, and 12 brothers. As the colleges are not

open to them in France, they have founded one on the frontiers of the kingdom, namely, at Brugulette, in Belgium. This college is dependent on the province of France, and contains 19 Priests, 35 novices, and 11 brothers. The province of France has still 19 Jesuits, employed on a Mission in Granada, and 8 in China; and it possesses, in North America, two establishments, in which are collected 19 Priests, 35 novices, and 11 brothers. These are the noviciate of St. Mary and the college of Louisville, in the state of Kentucky.

The province of Lyons includes the southern part of France. It contained 290 Jesuits in the year 1841, and 446 on the 1st of January, 1845. There

were at that period the following residences; namely, at Lyons, 18 Priests and 10 brothers; at Aix, 6 Priests and 4 brothers; at Bordeaux, 8 Priests and 5 brothers; at Dole, 13 Priests, 13 novices, and 9 brothers; at Grenoble, 6 Priests and 3 brothers; at Marseilles, Priests and 5 brothers. There were at Toulouse a residence and a noviciate, 16 Priests, 27 novices, and 16 brothers; a residence and a house of the third degree, at Lalouvese, 7 Priests and 4 brothers; a noviciate at Avignon, 13 Priests, 1 novice, and 4 brothers; a residence and a seminary at Vals, 25 Priests, 58 novices, and 13 brothers. The province of Lyons had also 39 Jesuits in Africa, of whom 17 were Priests, 4 novices, and 18 brothers, distributed amongst the residences Algiers, Oran, and Constantine; 22 Missionaries in the East Indies, at Trichinopoly, in the Presidency of Madras, and in the island of Madura, on the north-east of Java; 10 in Syria, and 6 in Madagascar.

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The province of Belgium is one of the most flourishing at the present time. There were 319 Jesuits in 1841; there are 472 in 1845. The noviciate of Tronchiennes contains 129, of whom 18 are Priests, 80 novices, and 31 brothers. They have colleges at Alost, Antwerp, Brussels, Ghent, Louvain, Namur, Liege, Tournay, and Kattwyk; residences at Bruges, Courtray, and Mons; Missions at Amsterdam, the Hague, Nimeguen, Dusseldorf, and in the state of Guatemala in America. The college of Brugelette belongs, as we have already informed our readers, to the province of France; and the college of Nivelle to the province of Spain.

The province of England numbered .140 Jesuits in 1841, and 164 in 1844. They have in that country 33 establishments, houses, colleges, residences, or

single Missions. They show themselves less openly in England than in other countries; the colleges and the residences do not bear, generally speaking, the names of the towns in which they are situate, but the names of saints only. Thus, there are the colleges of St. Ignatius, St. Aloise, the Holy Apostles, St. Mary, St. Michael, St. Stanislaus, St. Hugo, St. George, St. John the Evangelist, St. Thomas of Canterbury, the Immaculate Conception, &c. Their principal establishment is the college and seminary of Stonyhurst, in the county of Lancashire, which contains 20 Priests, 26 novices, and 14 brothers. The province of England has 20 Missionaries at Calcutta. The English Government extends its protection as well to them as to the Protestant Missionaries, when they are capable of furthering abroad its commercial views; and it is even assisting them (the Jesuits) at the present moment to found new college especially destined for China.

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The province of Austria and Gallicia contained 268 Jesuits in the year 1841, against 310 in the year 1844. Their principal establishments consist of the college and the noviciate of Gratz, the college and the noviciate of Starawies, the colleges of Linz, Inspruck, Tarnopol, Neusandeck, and the "noble" college of Lemberg.

The province of Germany includes Switzerland, as well as the hopes and the exertions of the Society in the German states, exclusive of Austria. There were in this province 245 Jesuits in the year 1841, against 273 in the year 1844.

The

The college, noviciate, and pensionnat of Friburg, in Switzerland, contain 135 Jesuits, of whom 44 are Priests, 60 novices, and 30 brothers. They have at Breig, in the canton of the Valais, a college, a noviciate, and a pensionnat, which contain 11 Priests, 32 novices, and 17 brothers, besides colleges at Siom, Estavayer, and Schweits. civil war has thrown open to them the gates of Lucerne. There were several Jesuits in the kingdom of Bavaria in the year 1841; but the accounts more recently rendered appear to be incomplete. In Dresden, the Confessor of the last King of Saxony was a Jesuit, who died at the commencement of June, 1845. But whilst awaiting the period at which it may be able to undertake

anew

the conquest of Germany, the influence of the Society of Jesus is exercised upon that country through the instrumentality of the German college which it has established at Rome, for

the purpose of there forming secular Priests, destined to be disseminated in Germany, in Hungary, and in Switzerland. Between the years 1822 and 1842, 125 Priests, educated at this college, were stationed in the various countries of Germany, and 64 in Switzerland. They are there as devoted instruments or advanced guards of the Society.

The vice-province of Ireland numbered 63 Jesuits in the year 1841, against 73 in the year 1844. They possess, in Ireland, the colleges of Clongowes, Tollabey, and Dublin. They have recently established a second "house" in the last-mentioned city.

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The province of Maryland includes the establishments of the Society in Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. The most important consists of the college and the pensionnat of George-Town, in Columbia, (15 Priests, 13 novices, and 26 brothers,) and the noviciate of Frederickton, in the state of Maryland. Since the year 1840, they have farther founded at Frederickton a college and a Mission. other establishments are rather points of observation and foundations for the future. Thus, in Columbia, there are the house and the Mission of Alexandria; in Maryland, the houses and the Missions of St. Thomas, Newtown, St. Inigoes, Bohemia, St. Joseph, and Whitemarsh ; in Massachusetts, the college and the pensionnat of Vigorno; in Pennsylvania, the house and the Mission of Philadelphia, Goschenhoppen, and Conewago. The province of Maryland contained 109 Jesuits in 1841, against 121 in the year 1844.

The vice-province of Missouri includes the establishments of Louisiana, Missouri, Ohio, the Rocky Mountains, and adjoining countries. It possesses the college and the pensionnat of St. Louis, and the college of St. Charles, in Louisiana, the noviciates of St. Stanislaus in Missouri, and the college and the pensionnat of Cincinnati in Ohio. There are, in these four establishments, 107 Jesuits, of whom 29 are Priests, 37 novices, and 41 brothers. The remaining establishments consist, for the most part, of Missions, composed of one or two Fathers; the most considerable is

the Mission of the Rocky Mountains, which is composed of 5 Priests and 6 brothers. The number of Jesuits, which amounted, in 1841, to 94, had increased, in 1844, to 139, in the province of Missouri.

On examining the above statistics, which are detailed at much greater length in the tables from which we have compiled this summary, it will be seen that the success of the Society of Jesus has been constant of late years in all its provinces; every where has it conquered fresh territory, everywhere has it either extended or consolidated its power; but the most marked progress is that which the Society has made in the provinces of Paris and Lyons, and those above given, which precede them, far exceed certain confessions that the Rev. Father Ravignan condescended to make in his book on the Jesuits.

The principal object of the efforts of the Society of Jesus is not, in these modern times, the conversion of Pagans and infidels; it has not now, as it had two centuries ago, more than 2,000 Missionaries in the Indies, in Japan, and in America; proselytism in distant countries is now little more than a commercial speculation, an affair of pounds, shillings, and pence. The "Association for the Propagation of the Faith " paid, in the year 1844, the sum of 336,092 francs, 32 cents, to the Society of Jesus for the services of the 134 Priests, 30 novices, and 61 brothers that the latter consented to devote to the service of the Missions amongst the infidels. The field of battle which the Jesuits have chosen in the nineteenth century is Europe; Europe, which has shaken off the yoke of Papal domination, but which the army of the Pope, as the Society of Jesus proudly entitles itself, would rivet by newlyforged chains to the feet of the pontifical throne !

Such (errors excepted) is the position of the Society of Jesus in the world. We believe that there is hardly anything changed in the provinces of France. The Fathers are there divided into small groups; they are neither less numerous, less active, nor less wealthy; and their apparent dispersion has become, with the Government, a pretext for inclining still more towards the Clergy.