for his conftant attendance, and falutary counfels in this court; his wife, vigilant, and impartial adminiftration of juftice; his unwearied zeal for the honour, fafety, and profperity of his fellow citizens; his inviolable attachment to the laws and liberties of his country; and for the noble example he has fet of a long and uninterrupted courfe of virtue in private as well as in public life."

It was likewife unanimously refolved, upon the motion of John Paterfon, Efq. "That Sir John Barnard, Knt. fo juftly and emphatically ftiled the father of this city, having lately, to the great and lafting regret of this court, thought proper to refign the office of alderman, the thanks of this court be given him for having fo long and faithfully devoted himself to the fervice of his fellow-citizens; for the honour and influence, which this city has, upon many occafions, derived from the dignity of his character, and the wifdom, ftea. dinefs, and integrity of his conduct; for his firm adherence to the conftitution, both in church and

ftate, his noble struggles for liberty, and his difinterested and invariable purfuit of the true glory and prof. perity of his king and country, uninfluenced by power, unawed by clamour, and unbiaffed by the prejudice of party.

Upon his refigning the office of alderman, he retired, in a great meafure, from public bufinefs; and continued to live chiefly in a private manner at Clapham; where, after having attained to near the age of eighty, he died on the twenty-ninth day of Auguft, 1764. The character of Sir John Barnard is fo well known and fo generally established, that to attempt any defeription of it here would be altogether fuperfluous.

A dutiful fon, an affectionate husband an indulgent mafter, a generous benefactor, an active magiftrate, an intelligent merchant, an uncorrupt fenator he discharged all the dùties of focial life with equal honour to himself and advantage to his country never man was more univerfally esteemed while living, or more fincerely regretted when dead.

to the church, by teaching, governing, and fome of them by their writings. At the head of thefe we muit place St. Ignatius, bifhop of Antioch, a hearer of the apoftles, and one of the greateft lights and principal ornaments of the ancient church. This holy man finifhed his courfe with the crown of martyrdom: there remain feven epiftles of his writing. Next to him we may place St. Policarp, a difciple of the apoftle St. John, and bishop of Smyrna, who edified the church during the courfe of a very long life, which he finished by a most glorious death: we have an

epiftle

epiftle of his to the Philippians. | There are certain accounts of the martyrdom of these two great men. Thofe of the martyrdom of St. Po, lycarp, were compiled by the pastors of the church of Smyrna, and inferted, in part, into Eufebius's Ecclefiaftical History. These are undoubted monuments of those times. About the middle of this age, Juftin the philofopher and martyr, diftinguished himself: he wrote two apologies for the Chriftians, and fome other works lefs confiderable. Much about the fame time, the church of Lyons was governed in Gaul by St. Irenæus, who had affociated with the difciples of the apoftles, and was very greatly esteemed: he wrote five books against the Heretics.

At the fame time flourished in Greece, Athenagoras, of whom we haveaworkin favour of the Chriftians, and a treatise on the Refurrection. Theophilus of Antioch was useful to the Chriftians in Syria; and his three books to Autolichus, enable us to judge of his abilities. Tatian ought not to be neglected, for his treatife against the Gentiles. Hermias is a perfon unknown; what he wrote in ridicule of the Pagan philofophers, is the work of a man of wit, and feems to belong to this century. Among the public remains of the church, we have a very excellent epiftle of the churches of Lyons and Vienne, on the martyrdom of St. Pothinus, and of fome others of the faithful; Eufebius has preferved it entire in his Ecclefiaftical History.

There were in the church of this century, many other illustrious perfons, whofe names are tranfmitted to pofterity, with high elogiums, though their works have long fince perished. Such are Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, in Phrygia, who lived near the time of the apostles, and is fuppofed to be the firft author of the doctrine of the Millennium; Apollinarius, the fcourge of the

Montanifts, Quadratus, bishop of Athens, and Alftrides, a philofopher of the fame city. Thefe two laft wrote many apologies in favour of Chriftianity. Meliton of Sardis is a name that is even yet highly refpectable. Hegefippus was the firft who wrote a history of the Chriftian church; but that is loft. Denys, of Corinth, addreffed many epiftles to different churches, and at laft finished his life by martyrdom. There were likewife Polycrates, of of Ephefus, and many others, concerning whom the bounds of this department will not permit us to speak.

:

In the fame century flourished Clement of Alexandria, and Tertullian the firft, as his name imports, was a divine of the church and fchool of Alexandria, whe gained much applaufe from his extenfive knowledge and numerous writings the chief of which is that called Stromata. His divinity is not free from many errors, which is owing to his doctrine being mixed with the philofophy he had learnt and taught at Alexandria. Tertullian is the first of all the Latin fathers, of whofe writings we have any remains; and he himfelf did much honour to the church of Carthage. It is principally from his works, of which we have a great number, that we can form an exact idea of the form, difcipline, and interior ftate of the churches of his time, and particularly of the churches of Alexandria. There are, however, in his writings, many errors mixed with the truth; for when he wrote the greatest part of his works, he had embraced the doctrine of Montanus.

We may very well call the doctrine of this age apoftolical. The preachers of the first century, who had received it immediately from the apostles, preached it faithfully to the difciples, and they tranfmitted it to the church. We may look upon the creed, commonly

called

called the apoftles, as an epitome of their faith. This creed was compiled in this century, enlarged in the fucceeding, and reduced in the fourth to the form it now has. Some particular teachers, however, introduced into the faith, variety of different opinions, which they had imbibed from the schools of philofophers, and particularly from that of Plato. Thefe notions infenfibly gained much ground, and were of great prejudice to true Chriftianity. We cannot find that the orthodox church made ufe of, at this time, the difcipline of fecrecy, of which the Romish church fpeaks with fo much confidence: it fuited only the genius and cuftoms of heretics. Among the Ebionites and Gnoftics we find the first traces of this discipline of secrefy, which is certainly very ancient, and approaches near to the origin of philofophy itself.

[To be continued.]

WESTMINSTER-ABBEY. [Continued from page 499.]

ON

N the weft fide of this chapel, against the wall, is a beautiful monument erected to the memory of lady Winifred, who was first married to Sir Richard Sackville, Knt. and afterwards to John Paulet, marquis of Winchefter. Ja the front of this monument, on the bafe, are the figures of a Knight armed and kneeling: oppofite him. is a lady in deep mourning, in the like attitude; behind whofe back, on a baptifmal font lies an infant with his head fupported by a pillow. By the infcription it appears, that he was defcended from illuftrious parents, and married first a gentleman whofe ancestors were renowned before the time of William the Conqueror; and that her fecond hufband was of noble defcent. Near this is a gothic monument, on which lies the effigy of a lady in

robes. By the infcription fhe appears to be Philippa, fecond daughter and coheirefs to John lord Mohun, of Dunftar, who died in the year 1433. She was first married to Edward Plantagenet, duke of York, and afterwards to Sir Walter Fitz-Walter, Knt. by neither of whom the appears to have had any iffue.

Here is a beautiful pyramid of black marble erected to the memory of Nicholas Bagenall, a child of two months old, that was overlaid by his nurse the 7th of March 1688. Alfo another to the memory of Anna Sophia Harley, a child of a year old, daughter to the Hon. Chriftopher Harley, ambaffador from the French king, who died in the year 1605. By the infcription it appears, that the heart of this child is placed in a cup on the top of this pyramid.

1

In this chapel lie the remains of Algernon Seymour, duke of Somerfet, who died the 7th of February 1750. His banners, &c. lie over the monument of lady Rofs, Frances, relict of the above duke, eldest daughter and coheirefs of the Hon. Hen. Thynne, Efq. who died the 7th of July 1754. Her banners hang over those of Elizabeth, duchefs of Somerfet. In the fame place are alfo interred the remains of George lord viscount Beauchamp, who died of the fmall pox in France the 11th of September, in the year 1744.

On leaving this chapel we tread on the remains of that great and learned antiquary Sir Henry Spelman, who died at upwards of eighty years of age, and was buried at the door of this chapel, in the year 1641.

St. EDMUND's Chapel.

At the entrance of this chapel, on the right-hand, is the ancient monument of William de Valence, whofe effigy lies in a cumbent pofture on a cheft of wainfcot placed upon a tomb of grey marble; the figure is wood, covered originally

of

with copper gilt, as was the cheft in which it lies, but the greatest part has been taken away; and of thirty fmall images that were placed in little brafs niches round, fcarce one remains entire. This William de Valence was earl of Pembroke, and fon to the earl of March, by Ifabel, widow to king John; and being half brother to Henry III. was made prime minifter to that prince, which brought upon him the odium of the barons. Being unable to maintain his poft, he was at length, in the year 1237, forced to fly, leaving his lands in mortgage to one Aaron, a Jew, at York, for ninety marks in gold. About two years after, having fquandered his money abroad, the king interefied himfelf in his favour; and having folicited his return, bestowed upon him the government of Hertford-castle, which he made a wanton ufe; for being a for igner, and for that reafon hated by the English, he flipped no opportunity to mortify them. Matthew Paris gives one inftance, among many, of his infolent be haviour to the biflop of Ely, whole park at Hatfield lying contiguous to his government, Valence with his companions, forcibly entered it without the bishop's leave, and having hunted till he was tired, broke open the bishop's houfe, pantries and cellars, and committed the most tumultuous outrages, pulling out the taps of the cafks that were empty, and broaching thofe that were full, fuffering what they left to run about the cellars, and beating the fervants unmercifully that oppofed them, In the year 1258, he was again banished, together with many other foreigners, who had made themfelves obnoxious to the English barons; however, in 1264, we find him once more in England, at the battle of Evesham, where the king was taken prifoner by the barons, and he, with many others, fled to the cattle of PevenVOL. 2. No. 11.

fey, till they found means to tranfport themselves to France, where, in 1296, he was treacherously flain at Bayonne. His body was afterwards brought to England, and honourably buried in this chapel; and many devout perfons expreffing a defire to offer up their prayers for the welfare of his foul, one hundred days were granted them for that purpose. Near to this is a moft fuperb monument, partly enclosed, to the memory of Edward Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, who died the 8th of February 1617, aged 57; and his lady Jane, eldest daughter and coheirefs of Cuthbert baron Ogle, whofe effigies in their robes lie on a black marble table, fupported by a pedeftal of alabafter. This monument is beautifully ornamented, and the carving on the various coloured marble is exquifite. The infcription is in Latin, and contains nothing more than his tities and character, the latter of which is thus expreffed: He was honourable without pride; potent without oftentation; religious without fuperftition; liberal both in mind and bounty; warded ever againft fortune, his whole life was a path of justice; and his innocence efcaping envy, continued through the whole courfe of his life.

Under the window, fronting the entrance of this chapel, is a very ancient monument reprefenting a gothic chapel, in which is the figure of a knight in armour, in a cumbent poiture, with his feet refting on a lion's back. This monument was erected for Sir Bernard Bracas, of Baurepaire in the county of Hants, chamberlain to Anne, queen to Richard II. But this. princefs dying, and Richard falling under the difpleasure of his people, who depofed him, Sir Bernard ftill adhered to his royal mafter in his misfortunes, which coft him his life; for being concerned with many others in an unfuccefsfull attempt to restore him to the

C

crowns

crown, he fhared the common fate of almost all the leaders in that confpiracy, and was publicly beheaded on Tower-hill, in the month of January 1399.

Near this is an ancient monument of grey marble, about three feet high, on which, in plated brafs, is the figure of a knight in armour his head reclined upon his helmet, one of his feet placed upon a leopard, and the other on an eagle. It appears, by the infcription, that this knight was Humphry Bourchier, fon and heir to John Bourchier, lord Barners, who, efpoufing the caufe of Edward IV. against the earl of Warwick, was ain in the battle of Barnet-field, on Eafter-day, in the year 1471.

On the weft fide of Brocas's monument is that of Sir Richard Peckfall, knight, mafter of the Buckhounds to queen Elizabeth, first married to Alianer, the daughter of William Paulet, marquis of Winchefter, by whom he had four daughters; and afterwards to Alianer, daughter to John Cotgrave, who erected this monument to his memory, as appears by the infcription. On the bafis of the pillars are the following verfes tranflated from the Latin:

Death can't disjoin whom Chrift has join'd in love,

Love leads to death, and death to life above. In heaven's a happier place, frail things defpife,

Live well, to gain in future life the prize.

[To be continued.]

British word Durwhern, a rapid river, from its being fituated on part of the river Stour, where the ftream flows with great impetuofity. It is known to have been a city of importance in the time of the Romans, it being built by Antonius, and a great number of Roman coins have been found here. There are alfo remains of military ways, and Roman causeways, leading from hence to Dover, and the town of Limne near Hithe. After the Romans left the kingdom, Vortiger, king of the Britons, refided here, and refigned it to the Saxons, in whose time the chief magistrate was called a prefect, afterwards `a portrieve, and in 1011, the king's provolt of Canterbury. All the time of the conqueft, the jurifdiction of the king and archbishop lay intermixed; and though the archbishop had a mint, and other confiderable privileges, yet the king enjoyed the fupreme royalty till the time of William Rufus, who gave the city wholly and entirely to archbishop Anfelm, and his fucceffor, Lanfranc, held it without oppofition. Canterbury is the capital of the county of Kent, and the metropolitan fee of all England, fituated on the river Stour, which is navigable for fmall veffels, fiftyfix miles from London. It is a county by itfeif, and is governed by a mayor, a recorder, twelve aldermen, a fheriff, twenty-four common councilmen, a mace bearer, a fword bearer, and four ferjeants at mace. A court is held every Monday in the Guildhall for civil and criminal caufes, and every other day for the government of the city. It is divided into fix wards, which are denominated from its fix gates, Burgate, Newingate, Ridingate, Worthgate, Weltgate, and Northgate. The city, though it appears circular at a distance, is built exactly in the form of a cross, and confifts of four capital ftreets which center at St. Andrew's

church,